CONTEMP #3 World Systems as a Capitalist System IMMANUEL WALLERSTEIN

TERMINOLOGIES

World Economy- large geographic zone which there is division of labor and exchange of goods,
capital, labor (Braudel's economie-monde)

Capitalism- people and firms accumulate capital in order to accumulate more capital

World Systems Theory- multidisciplinar, macro-scale approach to world history and social change
which emphasizes the world system as primary unit of social analysis

Core Countries- wealthy nations with wide variety of resources

Semi-periphery- industrializing, mostly capitalist countries positioned between the two

Periphery- less-developed than the two

Free Market- system in which prices for goods/services are determined by the open market and
by consumers

Perfectly Competitive Market- system in which price is equals to marginal cost and firms earn
economic profit of 0

Quasi-Monopoly Market- market with few large suppliers but very-little competition

Oligopoly- market situation in which there is only one supplier of a good or service which there is
no acceptable substitute

Market- concrete local structure in which individuals or firms sell and buy goods

WHY DO WORLD ECONOMY AND CAPITALIST GO TOGETHER? The efficacy of the division of
labor.

Self-Liquidating- affects the health of the capitalist world economy

Karl Marx's CORE Superstructure: Culture, Politics, Finance, Education, Military

WHAT MAKES A CORE-LIKE PRODUCT?

-Concentration of production

-Abundance of resources

-Permission to innovate

FIVE TYPES OF INCOME IN THE MODERN WS

Subsistence Production-grow and produce for own consumption

example: Farmers, ethnic groups or tribes,subsistence activities

Petty commodities- a product produced within the confines of the household but sold for cash
on a wider market, "simple exchange" of commodities

example: vendors, farmers, fishermen

Rent-compensation paid by a tenant (lessee) to the property owner (lessor) for use or occupancy
of a property

example: renting a house, toll fee

Transfer payment- one-way payment to a person who has given or exchanged no money, good,
or service for it / by virtue

example: social security, student finance, housing

Proletariat-regular jobs and make a living at or below the middle class level (working class)

Semi-proletariat-wage labour that is not wholelly dependent on the wage for economic
subsistence (seasonal workers)

"capitalism as a system that requires primarily proletarians as workers"

CONTEMP #5 Governments and Citizens in a Globally Interconnected World of States HANS

SCHATTLE

Neoliberal Theory- real program is to make sure sure the rich countries maintain control of the
third world's raw materials and have access to their cheap labor

Types of Globalization: political, social, economical

Nation-state- territorial organizations characterized by the monopolization of legitimate

violence, membership associations with a collective identity and democratic pretension to rule,
recipe for conflicts both internal and external

Nation- territory considered as an organized political community under one government, large
body of people united by common descent, viewed as socially constructed political communities,
historically emphasized organic ties

4 elements: government, territory, sovereignty, people

STATE IN A WORLD OF ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE

ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

European Union- group of 28 countries that operates as a cohesive economic and political block,
19 of the countries use euro as the official currency

ex. Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmar, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Germany

Regional Partnerships- states have formed r.p. w/ their neighbors from loosely knit orgs

ex. ASEAN, NAFTA, Comunidad del Caribe, African Union

Maastrich Treaty- signed on 1992, common citizenship that affords citizens of member states the
right to live, work, in Europe's elections outside of one's native member state

European Union Currency

Euro-own currency, economic union is called EUROZONE

European Union- evolved into supranational union, excellent illustration of international

collaboration

THE RISE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES

End of WW2- turned away from model of sovereignty back to the Peace of Westphalia,
championed absolute state autonomy, foreclosed humanitarian intervention

Failure of the League of Nations- strengthened collective will led to start another international
organization

Formation of ICC- represented important expansion of public accountability beyond state

Responsibility 2 Protect: R2P Doctrine- willingness of other states to intervene in the affair of
states who are unable to protect their own people

"States now, not only compete for economic advantage but also for moral credibility, to get
greater global appeal"

STATES AS TARGETS: THE RISE OF TRANSNATIONAL ACTIVISM

Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink

Activist Beyond Borders

Transnational activism

Nobel Peace Prize

Internet activism
Boomerang Pattern of Influence

-Join Forces

-Transform their policies and practices

Global Activism

-Contemporary origin of transnational campaign

-1994, Free Trade Agreement

-1998, Multilateral Agreement on Investment (OECD)

World Trade Organization

-Global rule and trade between nations

-1999, First meeting (Human rights, Local control, Cultural Diversity

-2001, 9/11 Attack

COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, NEW MEDIA AND THE STATE

Manuel Castells "Network Society"

Discourse

Use networks to gain power

Opens up potential for citizen

The power of global civil society

NEW MEDIA AND THE STATE

Interaction with Government official

Barack Obama (2008)- election, 4th most followed

THE NET DELUSION: THE DARK SIDE OF INTERNET FREEDOM

-by Evgeny Morozov

-unintended outcomes

-Iran's twitter revolution (2009)

-Distributive Denial of Service Attack (Russia)

TELEVISION NEWS

-played a pivotal rule

-state-funded television: CNN (U.S.), BBC (U.K.), Al Arabiya (Saudi Arabia), CCTV (China), Al
Jazeera English (Qatar)

CONTEMP #6: The United Nations Meets Twenty-first Century: Confronting the Challenges of
Global Governance THOMAS WEISS, RAMESH THAKUR

"There is no global government" -movement towards political cooperations among transnational

actors "but has commonalities"

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE, THE IDEA

Global governance- anything but static, surrogate for authority, rules-based order without
government

Telecommunications and Postal services

United Nations- global actor and site

purpose: maintain world peace and security, develop relations among nations, foster
cooperation between nations to solve economic, social, cultural, humanitarian intenational
problems, provide a forum for bringing countries together to meet UN'S purpose and goals

AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Identifying & Diagnosing Problems, The United Nations' Comparative Advantage

4 Essential Roles in Topic: Managing knowledge, Developing Norms, Promulgating

recommendations, Institutionalizing Ideas

Knowledge Management: Hiroshima- world's first atomic bomb deployed over city of Hiroshima,
80,000 due to radiation (August 6, 1945)

Nagasaki- 40,000, August 15, 1945 Japan Emperor Hirohito, unconditional surrender in WW2

HIV/AIDS

fulcrum for analysis- most universal and legitimate organizational framework

21st century, does not belong to international agenda: environmental degradation, terrorism,
population growth, urbanization, women's rights

Formulating Recommendations-statement of principles and actions that org is likely to take in

the event of particular contingency

Institutionalizing Ideas- develop/transform rules and procedures that influences set of human
interactions

THE UN'S IDEATIONAL ROLE, 21ST CENTURY'S CHALLENGE

UN secretary-general Kofi Annan- "problems without passports"

-UN, for all its warts, remains a precious experiment to be imporved and complemented, not
abandoned and supplemented

INTERNATIONALISM

Attributes of Today's Global System: 1) Independent and govern themselves 2) interact with each
other through diplomacy 3) there are international orgs like UN 4) international orgs also take on
lives of their own

ex of task-specific agencies: WHO, ILO

Internationalism- system of heightened interaction between various sovereign states,

particularly desire for greater cooperation and unity among states and people

Two categories of Intlsm

1) Liberal Intlsm

Immanuel Kant- state in a global system as people in a given territory, global govt

Jeremy Bentham- coined the word "international", advocated for creation of international laws
that will govern interstate relations

Giuseppe Mazzini- republican govt (w/o kings, queens, hereditary succession), leaders are not
chosen by royal blood, supreme power held by people, elected representatives of the people,
proposed system of free nations that cooperate with each other to create international system,
equal free, cooperative international system, global cooperation

Woodrow Wilson- 28th president of US, influenced by Mazzini, nationalism as pre-requisite for
internationalism, advocated for creation of the LON at the end of WW1, Self-determination:
belief that the world's nations have a right to free and sovereign govt

Interstate System / Origin of Sovereignty

Treaty of Westphalia- set of agreements signed in 1648, used to end the Thirty Year War, it
should avert/prevent war
Napoleonic Wars- Bonaparte believed in the spread of principles of the French revolution (1830-
1815), LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY

Napoleonic Code- forbade birth privileges, freedom of religion, promoted meritocracy in

government services

Battle of Waterloo- Anglo and Prussian army defeated Napoleon in 1815

Concert of Europe- restore world monarchial hereditary and religious privileges, sovereign
states, alliance of great powers: UK, AUSTRIA, RUSSIA, PRUSSIA

Metternich System- named after Klemens von Metternich, great powers hold influence in world
politics

example: UN Security Council: five core members w/ veto power (power to unilaterally stop an
official action especially the enactment of legislation

Permanent members of the UN Sec Council w/ Veto power: China, France, Russian Federation,
The United Kingdom, United States

Context of WW2

Axis power: Hitler's Germany, Mussolini's Italy and Hirohito's Japan

Allied power: US, UK, France, Holland, Belgium

Ultranationalist- instinctive disdain for intlsm and preferred to violently impose their dominance
over other countries

2.) Socialist Internationalism

Marx- did not believe in nationalism but believed in TRUE FORM OF INTERNATIONALISM, did not
divide the world by countries but in classes

Socialist revolution- overthrow the state through revolution

Socialist International- org established after death of Marx, european socialist and labor party
established in Paris, 1889: declaration of May 1 Labor Day, International Women's Day, campaign
for an 8 hour workday

Russian Revolution of 1971- Czar Nicholas II overthrown by the Bolshevik Party led by Vladimir
Lenin, new state was called USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Communist International- to encourage socialist revolutions across the world, Lenin established
the Comintern, served as the central body for directing communist parties all over the world

WW2- Soviet Union joined the Allied powers in 1941

Joseph Stalin- dissolved the Communist Intl in 1943, established the Communist Information
Bureau