11.IPLOCA HoustonSeminar April20189.21.2017Bending

ROAD TO SUCCESS
Houston Seminar – April 30, 2018
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Bending Section 14
Presented by Geert Dieperink
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PRESENTER BIOGRAPHY
Name • Geert Dieperink
Title • Technical Manager
Years
• 22
Experience
• Maats manufactures, trades and rents

handling-, welding- and bending
Company
equipment for the construction of
Profile
pipelines around the globe, in all
diameters.
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CHAPTER 14 BENDING
1 14.1 Introduction
2 14.2 Types of Bends
3
Outline 14.3 Bending Engineering
of
4 14.4 Pipe Bending Equipment
Topics
in Section 5 14.5 Pipe Bending Procedure
6 14.6 Bending Operator Training
6 Conclusions
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14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 Bending history
Figure 1 Cold bend using a truck and winch
Figure 2 Cable Winch Bender
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14.2 Types of Bends

14.2.1 Elbows
14.2.2 Mitered Joints
14.2.3 Hot bending (prefab bends)
14.2.4 Elastic bending (field laying)
14.2.5 Cold bending (field bending)
Figure 4 Miter bends
14.2.5.1 Bending shoe (attached to the pipe layer)
14.2.5.2 Hydraulic bending machine
14.2.5.3 Internal bending machine
14.2.5.4 Sling-type bending machine (for foam-coated / insulated pipe)
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14.2.5.2 Hydraulic bending machine

• For all steel grades currently available
• Pipe sizes from 6 to 64 inches
• Mandrel needed to avoid buckling
• Danger to damage outside coating
Figure 7 Hydraulic bending machine and mandrel
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14.2.5.3 Internal bending machine
• Especially for pipes with

thermal insulation
• No damage to outside coating
• Limited by heavy WT and

high steel grades
• From diameters 18” and bigger
• Easy transportation
in cargo container
Figure 8: Internal bending machine within a shipping container
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14.2.5.4 Sling-type bending machine

(for foam-coated / insulated pipe)
• Especially for pipes with thermal insulation
• Reduces stresses to the external coating
• Flexible belt suitable for the range of diameters
• Only for small diameters (6” to 20”)
Figure 9 Sling-type bending machine
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14.3 Bending engineering
The radius of the cold bend will be not less 40 times the nominal pipe diameter (40D) so that the permanent angular
deflection, measured along any axial length equal to the diameter of the pipe, does not exceed 1.5°
Each pipe that is bent will incorporate two straight sections at each end of pipe, before and after the bent portion. The
unbent ends are also called an unbend tangent.
Figure 10 Unbend schematic
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The upper curve shows the elevation data,
Calculations: The lower curve the plan view with the side bends
Pipeline elastic and plastic

bending. (permanent deformation)
The maximum radius that can be

used is calculated as follow:
R = Radius
Ec = Modulus of elasticity
= Allowable stress limit
The maximum offset angle for a Figure 12 Small Crossing Example. Topographic information.
simple bend is obtained using the
following equation:
For bends in which the horizontal offset is combined with a

α= Offset angle
L= Length of simple pipe
vertical offset (combined bends)
T= Length of straight edge
R= Radius
α = Horizontal angle
β = Vertical angle
= Combined angle
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14.4 Pipe Bending Equipment
Figure 12 Hydraulic Wedge Mandrel Figure 13 Bending set
Figure 14 Bending machine in operation
Figure 15 Analog angle

Figure 16 Digital angle measurement system measurement system
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14.5 Pipe Bending Procedure

14.5.1 Pipe handling - feeding pipe
14.5.2 Pipe positioning in the machine, weld seam orientation, mandrel positioning
Bending and operating problems:
1. Pipe egging is caused by excessive compression at one place.
14.5.3 Pipe bending operation 2. Buckling of the pipe may be caused by excessive bending.
- SBR SideBendRight
14.5.4 Marking Number and length of the pipe - SBL SideBendLeft
Offset angle transformed into Degrees and minutes (hexadecimal) - SB SagBend( _/ )
Gas direction, Bend position -OB Over bend ( ¯\ )
14.5.5 Bend Inspection

The ovalisation caused on each pipe by bending should not be exceed 2,5%
14.5.6 Pipe stress limit for cold bending

Figure 24 Bend inspection gauge
Cold bending takes the pipe beyond the elastic region. The material will be hardened.
Hot bending changes material properties and corrosion defect can occur.
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14.6 Bending operator training

The training program will include the following:
1. Safety and awareness
2. Pre-operational inspection
3. Start-up
4. The bending operations procedures
5. Shut down
6. Problems and issues operational bends
7. Inspection and maintenance requirements
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KEY POINTS TO ADDRESS
Planning and design
Pipe materials & coating

Development phases
(planning and design)
HSE (with HSE group)
Bending tests before
start of the project.
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New subjects being

proposed by the Group
• Stress analysis of pipeline bends

(Fluor)
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CHANGE IN PIPE SPECIFICATIONS BECAUSE:
- Fluid / gas transport over longer distances
- Higher pressures to increase capacity
- “New” fluids / gases, CO2, LNG, Methane
RESULTS IN:
- Change in pipe material, used to be X52, now X70,

even X80 and X100
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PROBLEMS FACED (for rental projects):
- Poor availability of full pipe specifications, pipes often
outside standard specifications (EN 10208-2 / 1594 or
API 5L), problems with bending sets
- Older machines working at the limit of their capacities

resulting in frequent breakdowns
- Damage to coating due to variation in coating

thickness at the jobsite
- Spiral weld pipe is cheaper but more difficult to bend
Easier deformation, buckling as well as in storage
- Less and less experienced bending operators
- Confusion about use of bending mandrels, no
mandrel needed for wall thickness > 15 mm ?
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THE FUTURE BENDING MACHINE
Design criteria:
- Technical lifespan at least 25 years
- Service and repairs simple, everywhere
- Operation of machine simple
- Powerful: suitable for 25,4 mm wall with X100 pipe or
40 mm with X80 at -/-40°C
- Safe: asessment of health and safety issues
- State of the art: latest technologies
- Universal, suitable for all pipe specifications and
all conditions, to -40°C
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1) Information
2) Contribution
3) Networking
4) Marketing
5) Experience
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PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
Regina Canada, Sept 2016
Maats BM 22-36 bending a 18m pipe size 36" WT 22,8 mm grade 483.
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Houston Seminar – April 30, 2018

Name • Geert Dieperink

Title • Technical Manager

• Maats manufactures, trades and rents

2 14.2 Types of Bends

6 14.6 Bending Operator Training

Figure 1 Cold bend using a truck and winch

Figure 2 Cable Winch Bender

14.2 Types of Bends

14.2.5.2 Hydraulic bending machine

• Pipe sizes from 6 to 64 inches

• Mandrel needed to avoid buckling

• Danger to damage outside coating

Figure 7 Hydraulic bending machine and mandrel

14.2.5.3 Internal bending machine

• Especially for pipes with

• No damage to outside coating

• Limited by heavy WT and

• From diameters 18” and bigger

Figure 8: Internal bending machine within a shipping container

14.2.5.4 Sling-type bending machine

• Especially for pipes with thermal insulation

• Reduces stresses to the external coating

• Flexible belt suitable for the range of diameters

• Only for small diameters (6” to 20”)

Figure 9 Sling-type bending machine

14.3 Bending engineering

Figure 10 Unbend schematic

Pipeline elastic and plastic

The maximum radius that can be

For bends in which the horizontal offset is combined with a

14.4 Pipe Bending Equipment

Figure 12 Hydraulic Wedge Mandrel Figure 13 Bending set

Figure 14 Bending machine in operation

Figure 15 Analog angle

14.5 Pipe Bending Procedure

14.5.5 Bend Inspection

14.5.6 Pipe stress limit for cold bending

14.6 Bending operator training

KEY POINTS TO ADDRESS

Planning and design

Pipe materials & coating

New subjects being

• Stress analysis of pipeline bends

- Fluid / gas transport over longer distances

- Higher pressures to increase capacity

- “New” fluids / gases, CO2, LNG, Methane

- Change in pipe material, used to be X52, now X70,

- Older machines working at the limit of their capacities

- Damage to coating due to variation in coating

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