Master Mathematics 1 Trigonometry

LESSON 2
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TRIGONOMETRY RATIOS 30 AND 60

Let ABC be an equilateral triangle with side ‘2a’ and AD is perpendicular to BC

BC A
Clearly, BD = = a
2
In ΔABD, AD2 = AB2 – BD2 [Using Pythagoras theorem]

o
30
= (2a)2 – a2 = 3a2  AD = a√3

2a
a√3
2a
Since, each angle of an equilateral triangle is 60o
o
  B = 60 o and 60
 BAD = 180 o – (60 o + 90 o) = 30 o B D C
a
 In ΔABD, 2a
Opp. AD a√3 √3 Opp. BD a 1
sin 60o = = = = ; sin 30 o = = = =
hyp. AB 2a √2 hyp. AB 2a 2

Adj. BD a 1 AD a√3 √3
cos 60o = = = = ; cos30 o = Adj. = = =
Hyp. AB 2a 2 hyp. AB 2a 2

Opp. AD a√3 Opp . BD a 1

tan 60o = = = = √3 ; tan 30o = = = =
Adj. BD a Adj AD a√3 √3
and so on.

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TRIGONOMETRY RATIOS 45

The adjoining figure shows a right-angled isosceles triangle in which B = 90o and
AB = BC = a
Clearly, A =  45o
and, AC = 2a [Since, AC2 = AB2 + BC2]
Opp . BC a 1 C
 sin45o = = = = ;
hyp. AC a√2 √2
Adj. AB a 1
cos 45o = = = =
2

hyp. AC a√2 √2
a√

a
Opp. BC a
tan 45o = = = = 1 and so on
Adj. AB a 45
o

Also, remember that: A a B

sin 0 o = 0; cos 0 o = 1
sin 90 o = 1; cos 90 o = 0
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