Wireless networks are under constant pressure to provide ever-higher data

rates to increasing numbers of users with greater reliability. This book

is an accessible introduction to every fundamental aspect of space-time
wireless communications. Space-time processing technology is a powerful
tool for improving system performance that already features in the UMTS
and CDMA2000 mobile standards. The ideal volume for graduate students and
professionals, it features homework problems and other…

Introduction to
Space-TimeWireless
CommunicationsArogyas
wami PaulrajStanford UniversityRohit NabarETH,
Zurich Dhananjay GoreStanford Universitypublished by the press
syndicate of the university of cambridgeThe Pitt uilding, Trumpington Street,
Cambridge, United ingdomcambridge university pressThe Edinburgh uilding,
Cambridge C RU, U West th Street, New or , N - ,
USA Williamstown Road, Port elbourne, IC , AustraliaRui de Alarc on
, adrid, SpainDoc House, The Waterfront, Cape Town , South
Africahttp www cambridge orgC©Cambridge University Press This boo is in
copyright Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective
licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may ta e place withoutthe written
permission of Cambridge University Press First published Printed in the United
ingdom at the University Press, CambridgeTypefacesTimes 5 pt and Helvetica
NeueSystemLATEX ε[tb]A catalog record for this boo is available from the ritish

LibraryIS N 5 6 5 hardbac ContentsList of

figurespagexivList of tablesxxiiPrefacexxiiiList of

abbreviationsxxviList of symbolsxxix Introduction

History of radio, antennas and array signal processing
Exploiting multiple antennas in wireless6 Array
gain Diversity gain Spatial multiplexing
(S ) Interference reduction ST wireless

communication systems9 ST propagation

Introduction The wireless channel Path
loss Fading Scattering model in macrocells
Channel as a ST random field Wide sense stationarity
(WSS) Uncorrelated scattering (US)
Homogeneous channels (HO) 5 Scattering
functions viiviiiContents 6 Polari ation and field diverse
channels Antenna array topology Degenerate

channels 9 9 Reciprocity and its implications ST

channel and signal models Introduction
Definitions SISO channel SI O channel
 ISO channel I O channel Physical scattering
model for ST channels SI O channel ISO
channel I O channel Extended channel
models Spatial fading correlation LOS
component Cross-polari ed antennas
Degenerate channels 5 Statistical properties ofH 5
Singular values ofH 5 Squared Frobenius norm ofH 6
Channel measurements and test channels 5 Sampled signal
model Normali ation SISO sampled signal
model 9 SI O sampled signal model5 ISO
sampled signal model5 5 I O sampled signal model5
ST multiuser and ST interference channels5 ST multiuser
channel5 ST interference channel55 9 ST channel
estimation56 9 Estimating the ST channel at the
receiver56 9 Estimating the ST channel at the

transmitter5 ixContents Capacity of ST channels6

Introduction6 Capacity of the frequency flat deterministic
I O channel6 Channel un nown to the
transmitter65 Channel nown to the transmitter66
Capacities of SI O and ISO channels 5 Capacity of
random I O channels 5 Capacity ofHwchannels for
large 5 Statistical characteri ation of the information
rate 6 Influence of Ricean fading, fading correlation, XPD
and degeneracy on I O capacity 6 Influence of the
spatial fading correlation 6 Influence of the LOS
component 6 Influence of XPD in a non-fading
channel 6 Influence of degeneracy Capacity of

frequency selective I O channels 5Spatial

diversity 65 Introduction 65 Diversity gain 65
Coding gain vs diversity gain 95 Spatial diversity vs
time frequency diversity9 5 Receive antenna diversity9 5
Transmit antenna diversity9 5 Channel un nown to the
transmitter ISO9 5 Channel nown to the transmitter
ISO955 Channel un nown to the transmitter
I O9 5 Channel nown to the transmitter I O9 5 5
Diversity order and channel variability 5 6 Diversity
performance in extended channels 56 Influence of signal
correlation and gain imbalance 56 Influence of Ricean
fading 56 Degenerate I O channels 55 Combined
space and path diversity 6xContents5 Indirect transmit
diversity 5 Delay diversity 5 Phase-roll
diversity 5 9 Diversity of a space-time-frequency selective

fading channel 96ST coding without channel

nowledge at transmitter 6 Introduction 6
Coding and interleaving architecture 6 ST coding for
frequency flat channels 6 Signal model 6 ST
codeword design criteria 56 ST diversity coding
(rs≤ ) 6 Performance issues 6 5 Spatial
multiplexing as a ST code (rs= T) 6 6 ST coding for
intermediate rates ( <rs< T) 66 ST coding for frequency
selective channels 96 Signal model 96 ST codeword

design criteria ST receivers Introduction

Receivers SISO Frequency flat channel
Frequency selective channel Receivers SI O
Frequency flat channel Frequency selective
channels Receivers I O ST diversity
schemes S schemes 9 S with hori ontal and
diagonal encoding 5 Frequency selective channel 59 5
Iterative I O receivers 59