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Social science
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10 Std. th
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VOLUME - II
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ISBN : 978-93-5330-093-7
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Authors :
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Mr. Ravi Shankar, M.A., M. Phil.
Mrs. Janaki Devi, M.A., M. Ed.
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PREFACE
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(iv)
Contents
istory
H
Unit 6 Early Revolts against British Rule in Tamil Nadu 1 - 16
Unit 7 Anti-Colonial Movements and the Birth of Nationalism 17 - 34
Unit 8 Nationalism: Gandhian Phase 35 - 54
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Unit 9 Freedom Struggle in Tamil Nadu 55 - 70
Unit 10 Social Transformation in Tamil Nadu 71 - 88
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Geography
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Unit 6 Physical Geography of Tamil Nadu 89 - 114
Unit 7 Human Geography of Tamil Nadu 115 - 136
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Civics
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Unit 4 India’s Foreign Policy 137 - 148

Unit 5 India’s International Relations 149 - 162
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onomics
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Unit 3 Food Security and Nutrition 163 - 176
Unit 4 Government and Taxes 177 - 188
Unit 5 Industrial Clusters in Tamil Nadu 189 - 202
Govt. Model Question Paper with Answers 203 - 214

Sura's Model Question Paper - 1 and 2 with Answers 215 - 234
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(vi)
History
Unit 6
Early Revolts against British
Rule in Tamil Nadu
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Learning Objectives
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To acquaint ourselves with
ªª Palayakkarar system and the revolts of Palayakkarars against the British

pr
ªª Velunachiyar, Puli Thevar, Kattabomman and Marudhu Brothers in the anit-British
uprisings
ex
ªª Vellore Revolt as a response to British pacification of south India.
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Exercise
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I. Choose the correct answer 3. Who had established close relationship with
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the three agents of Chanda Sahib?

1. Who was the first Palayakkarars to resist the
East India Company’s policy of territorial (a) Velunachiyar (b) Kattabomman
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aggrandizement? (c) Puli Thevar (d) Oomai thurai

(a) Marudhu brothers [Ans. (c) Puli Thevar]
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(b) Puli Thevar 4. Where was Sivasubramanianar executed?

(c) Velunachiyar (a) Kayathar (b) Nagalapuram
(d) Veerapandya Kattabomman
(c) Virupachi
[Ans. (b) Puli Thevar] (d) Panchalamkurichi
2. Who had borrowed money from the East India [Ans. (b) Nagalapuram]
Company to meet the expenses he had incurred
during the Carnatic wars? 5. Who issued the Tiruchirappalli proclamation
(a) Velunachiyar (b) Puli Thevar of Independence?
(c) Nawab to Arcot (a) Marudhu brothers (b) Puli Thevar
(d) Raja of Travancore (c) Veerapandya Kattabomman
[Ans. (c) Nawab to Arcot] (d) Gopala Nayak
[Ans. (a) Marudhu brothers]
1
Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE Unit 6

6. When did the Vellore Revolt breakout? III. Choose the correct statement
(a) 24 May 1805 (b) 10 July 1805
1. (i) The Palayakkarars system was in practice
HISTORY
(c) 10 July 1806 in the Kakatiya Kingdom.

(d) 10 September 1806 [Ans. (c) 10 July 1806] (ii) Puli Thevar recaptured Nerkattumseval in
7. Who was the Commander–in–Chief 1764 after the death of Khan Sahib.
responsible for the new military regulations in (iii) Yusuf Khan who was negotiating with
Vellore fort? the Palayakkarars, without informing the
(a) Col. Fancourt (b) Major Armstrong Company administration was charged
(c) Sir John Cradock (d) Colonel Agnew with treachery and hanged in 1764.
[Ans. (c) Sir John Cradock] (iv) Ondiveeran led one to the army units of
in
8. Where were the sons of Tipu Sultan sent after Kattabomman.
the Vellore Revolt? a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
s.
(a) Calcutta (b) Mumbai b) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
(c) Delhi (d) Mysore c) (iii) and (iv) are correct
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[Ans. (a) Calcutta] d) (i) and (iv) are correct
II. Fill in the blanks :
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2. (i) Under Colonel Campbell, the English
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1. The Palayakkarars system was put in place in
Tamil Nadu by _______________. Army went along with Mahfuzkhan’s army.
[Ans. Viswanatha Nayaka] (ii) After Muthu Vadugar’s death in Kalaiyar
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Kovil battle, Marudhu Brothers assisted

2. Except the Palayakkarars of ________ all other
Velunachiyar in restoring the throne to
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western Palayakkarars supported Puli Thevar.

her.
[Ans. Sivagiri]
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(iii) Gopala Nayak spearheaded the famous

3. Velunachiyar and her daughter were under the Dindigul League.
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protection of ___________ for eight years. (iv) In May 1799 Cornwallis ordered the
[Ans. Gopala Nayakar] advance of Company armies to Tirunelveli.
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4. Bennerman deputed __________ to convey his (a) (i) and (ii) are correct
message, asking Kattabomman to surrender. (b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
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[Ans. Ramalinganar] (c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct

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5. Kattabomman was hanged to death at (d) (i) and (iv) are correct
____________. [Ans. Kayathar] [Ans. (b) (ii) and (iii) are correct]
6. The Rebellion of Marudhu Brothers was 3. Assertion (A): Puli Thevar tried to get the
categorized in the British records as the support of Hyder Ali and the French.
_________. [Ans. Second Palayakkarar War] Reason (R) : Hyder Ali could not help Puli
7. ________ was declared the new Sultan by the Thevar as he was already in a serious conflict
rebels in Vellore Fort. [Ans. Fateh Hyder] with the Marathas.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not
8. _______ suppressed the revolt in Vellore Fort.
the correct explanation of (A)
[Ans. Colonel Gillespie]
(b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
2
Early Revolts against British Rule in Tamil Nadu Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE
(c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the 2. Identify the Palayams based on the division of
correct explanation of (A) east and west.
HISTORY
Ans. The eastern Palayams were Sattur, Nagalapuram,
(d) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct
Ettayapuram, and Panchalamkurichi and the
[Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) prominent western palayams were Uthumalai,
is not the correct explanation of (A)] Thalavankottai, Naduvakurichi, Singampatti,
4. Assertion (A) : Apart from the new military Seithur.
Regulations the most objectionable was the 3. Why was Heron dismissed from service?
addition of a leather cockade in the turban. Ans. (i) Colonel Heron was urged to deal with
Reason (R) : The leather cockade was made Puli Thevar as he continued to defy the
in
authority of the Company.
of animal skin.
(ii) Puli Thevar wielded much influence over
(a) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct
s.
the western palyakkarars.
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
(iii) For want of cannon and of supplies and
correct explanation of (A)
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pay to soldiers, Colonel Heron abandoned
(c) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
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the plan and retired to Madurai.
(d) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not
(iv) Heron was recalled and dismissed from
the correct explanation of (A)
service.
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[Ans. (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R)
is the correct explanation of (A)] 4. What was the significance of the Battle of
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IV. Match the following Kalakadu?
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Ans. (i) The Nawab sent an additional contingent

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(1) Theerthagiri - Vellore Revolt of sepoys to Mahfuzkhan and the

(2) Gopala Nayak - Ramalinganar reinforced army proceeded to Tirunelveli.
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(3) Bannerman - Dindigul (ii) Besides the 1000 sepoys of the Company,
Mahfuzkhan received 600 more sent by
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(4) Subedar Sheik - Vellore Fort

Adam the Nawab.
(5) Col. Fancourt - Odanilai (iii) He also had the support of cavalry and
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foot soldiers from the Carnatic.

Ans. (1) Theerthagiri - Odanilai
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(iv) Before Mahfuzkhan could station his

(2) Gopala Nayak - Dindigul troops near Kalakadu, 2000 soldiers
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(3) Bannerman - Ramalinganar from Travancore joined the forces of Puli

(4) Subedar Sheik - Vellore Revolt Thevar.
Adam (v) In the battle at Kalakadu, Mahfuzkhan’s
(5) Col. Fancourt - Vellore Fort troops were routed.
V. Answer the questions briefly 5. What was the bone of contention between the
Company and Kottabomman?
1. What were the duties of the Palayakkarars?
Ans. (i) The Company had gained the right to
Ans. (i) The Palayakkarars were free to collect
revenue, administer the territory, settle collect taxes from Panchalamkurichi.
disputes and maintain law and order. (ii) The Company appointed its Collectors to
(ii) Their Police duties were known as collect taxes from all the palayams.
Padikaval or Arasu Kaval.
3

(iii) The Collectors humiliated the (b) What were the martial arts in which she
palayakkarars and adopted force to collect was trained?
HISTORY
the taxes. Velunachiyar was trained in martial arts

Ans.
(iv) This was the bone of contention between like valari, stick fighting and to wield
the English and Kattabomman. weapons. She was also adept in horse
6. Highlight the essence of the Tiruchirappalli riding and archery.
Procalamation of 1801. (c) Whom did she marry?
Ans. (i) The Proclamation of 1801 was an early call Velunachiyar was married to Muthu
Ans.
to the Indians to unite against the British, Vadugar, the Raja of Sivagangai.
(ii) The proclamation was pasted on the walls (d) What was the name of her daughter?
in
of the Nawab’s palace in Tiruchirappalli Ans. Vellachinachiar
fort and on the walls of the Srirangam
2. Dheeran Chinnamalai
s.
temple.
(a) When was Dheeran Chinnamalai born?
(iii) Many palayakkars of Tamil country rallied
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together to fight against the English. Dheeran
Ans. Chinnamalai was born as
Theerthagiri in 1756 in the Mandradiar
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(iv) Chinna Marudhu collected nearly 20,000
men to challenge the English army. royal family of Palayakottai.
(v) British reinforcements were rushed from (b) How did he earn the title “Chinnamalai”?
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Bengal, Ceylon and Malaya. The Kongu region was under the control
Ans.
(vi) The rajas of Pudukkottai, Ettayapuram of the Mysore Sultan, tax was collected by
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and Thanjavur stood by the British. Tipu’s Diwan Mohammed Ali. Once, when
(vii) Divide and rule policy followed by the the Diwan was returning to Mysore with
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English spilt the forces of the palayakkarars the tax money, Theerthagiri blocked his
soon. way and confiscated all the tax money. He
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let Mohammed Ali go by instructing him

7. Point out the importance of the Treaty of 1801.
to tell his Sultan that “Chinnamalai”, who
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Ans. (i) The suppression of the Palayakkarars

is between Sivamalai and Chennimalai,
rebellions of 1799 and 1800–1801 resulted
was the one who took away taxes. Thus he
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in the liquidation of all the local chieftains

gained the name “Dheeran Chinnamalai”.
of Tamilnadu.
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(c) Name the Diwan of Tipu Sultan?

(ii) Under the terms of the Carnatic Treaty
Ans. Mohammed Ali
of 31 July 1801, the British assumed
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direct control over Tamilagam and the (d) Why and where was he hanged to death?
Palayakarar system came to an end with the After Tipu’s death Dheeran Chinnamalai
Ans.
demolition of all forts and disbandment of built a fort and fought the British without
their army. leaving the place. He launched guerrilla
VI. Answer the questions given under attacks and evaded capture. Finally the
each caption. English captured him and his brothers
and kept them in prison in Sankagiri.
1. Velunachiyar
When they were asked to accept the rule
(a) Who was the military chief of
of the British, they refused. So they were
Velunachiyar?
hanged at the top of the Sankagiri Fort.
Ans. Dalavay (military chief) Thandavarayanar.
4
VII. Answer in detail Council about how he was ill-treated by

the collector Jackson.
1. Attempt an essay of the heroic fight
HISTORY
Veerapandya Kattabomman conducted against (ii) Kattabomman appeared before the
the East India Company. Committee that sat on 15 December
Ans. Rebellion of Veerapandya Kattabomman 1798 and reported on what transpired in
1790 – 1799 : Ramanathapuram. The Committee found
Kattabomman was not guilty.
(i) Veerapandya Kattabomman became the
Palayakkarar of Panchalamkurichi at the Kattabomman and the confederacy of
age of thirty. Palayakkarars :
(i) Marudhu Pandiyar of Sivagangai formed
(ii) The Company’s administrators, James
the South Indian Confederacy of rebels
London and Colin Jackson, had considered
in
against the British. Kattabomman was
him a man of peaceful disposition. interested in this confederacy.
(iii) However, soon several events led to conflicts (ii) Marudhu Brothers and Kattabomman
s.
between Veerapandya Kattabomman and jointly decided on a confrontation with
the East India Company. the English. The Company considered the
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(iv) The Nawab, had assigned the revenue of expedition of Kattabomman as a challenge
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the Carnatic to the Company to be entirely to their authority.
under their management and control The Siege of Panchalamkurichi :
during the war with Mysore Sultan.
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(i) On 1 September 1799, an ultimatum was
(v) The company had thus gained the right to served on Kattabomman to surrender.
collect taxes from Panchalamkurichi. Kattabomman’s “evasive reply” prompted
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(vi) The Company appointed its Collectors to Bannerman to attack his fort.
collect taxes from all the palayams. The
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(ii) Bannerman moved his entire army to

Collectors humiliated the palayakkarars Panchalamkurichi on 5 September. They
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and adopted force to collect the taxes. cut off all the communications to the fort.
(vii) This was the bone of contention between (iii) Bannerman deputed Ramalinganar to
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the English and Kattabomman. convey a message asking Kattabomman to

Confrontation with Jackson : surrender. Kattabomman refused.
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(i) The land revenue arrear from (iv) Ramalinganar gathered all the secrets of
Kattabomman was 3310 pagodas in 1798. the Fort, and on the basis of his report,
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Collector Jackson, an arrogant English Bannerman decided the strategy of the

officer, ordered Kattabomman to meet him operation.
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in Ramanathapuram. But Kattbomman’s Execution of Kattabomman :

attempts to meet him in between proved (i) Kattabomman escaped to Pudukottai.
futile. Betrayed by the rajas of Ettayapuram and
(ii) At last, an interview was granted Pudukottai Kattabomman was finally
and Kattabomman met Jackson in captured.
Ramanathapurm on 19 September 1798. It
(ii) Bannerman made a mockery of a trial for
is said that Kattabomman had to stand for
Kattabomman in front of the palayakarars
three hours before the haughty Collector
on 16 October.
Jackson. Sensing danger, Kattabomman
escaped. (iii) During the trial Kattabomman bravely
Appearance before Madras Council : admitted all the charges levelled against
(i) On his return to Panchalamkurichi, him. Kattabomman was hanged from a
tamarind tree in the old fort of Kayathar.
Kattabomman represented to the Madras
5

2. Highlight the tragic fall of Sivagangai and its Grievances of Indian Soldiers :
outcome. (i) The dispossessed little kings and feudal
HISTORY
Ans. Fall of Sivagangai : chieftains continued to deliberate on

(i) In May 1801, the English attacked the the future course of action against the
rebels in Thanjavur and Tiruchirappalli. Company Government.
The rebels went to Piranmalai and (ii) The outcome was the Vellore Revolt of
Kalayarkoil. 1806. The objective conditions for a last
(ii) They were again defeated by the forces of ditch fight existed on the eve of the revolt.
the English. In the end the superior military (iii) The sepoys in the British Indian army
strength and the able commanders of the nursed a strong sense of resentment
English Company prevailed. over low salary and poor prospects of
(iii) The rebellion failed and Sivagangai was promotion.
in
annexed in 1801. The Marudhu brothers (iv) The English army officers’ scant respect
were executed in the Fort of Tirupathur for the social and religious sentiments of
s.
near Ramanathapuram on 24 October the Indian sepoys also angered them.
1801.
(v) The state of peasantry from which class the
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(iv) Oomathurai and Sevathaiah were captured
sepoys had been recruited also bothered
and beheaded at Panchalamkurichi on
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16 November 1801. Seventy-three rebels them much.
were exiled to Penang in Malaya. (vi) The most opportune situation come with
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(v) Though the palayakkarars fell to the the sons and the family members of Tipu
English, their exploits and sacrifices being interned in Vellore Fort.
inspired later generations. (vii) According to the new regulations, the
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(vi) Thus the rebellion of Marudhu brothers, Indian soldiers were asked not to wear
which is called South Indian Rebellion, is caste marks or ear rings when in uniform.
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a landmark event in the history of Tamil (viii) The sepoys gave enough forewarning by
Nadu.
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refusing to wear the new turban. Yet the

Carnatic Treaty, 1801: Company administration did not take
(i) The suppression of the Palayakkarars
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heed.
rebellions of 1799 and 1800–1801 resulted
Outbreak of the revolt :
in the liquidation of all the local chieftains
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of Tamilnadu. (i) On 10 July 1806, in the early hours, guns

(ii) Under the terms of the Carnatic Treaty were booming and the Indian sepoys of
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of 31 July 1801, the British assumed the 1st and 23rd regiments raised their
direct control over Tamilagam and the standard of revolt.
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Palayakarar system came to an end with the (ii) Colonel Fancourt, who commanded the
demolition of all forts and disbandment of garrison, was the first victim.
their army. (iii) Colonel MeKerras of the 23rd regiment
3. Account for the outbreak of Vellore Revolt in was killed next.
1806. (iv) Major Armstrong who was passing the
Ans. (i) The British charged the Nawab of Arcot Fort heard the sound of firing. When he
with disloyalty and forced a treaty. stopped to enquire he was showered with
bullets.
(ii) According to this Treaty of 1801, the
Nawab was to cede the districts of North (v) About a dozen other officers were killed
Arcot, South Arcot, Tiruchirappalli, within an hour or so.
Madurai and Tirunelveli to the Company (vi) Among them Lt. Elly and Lt. Popham
and transfer all the administrative powers belonged to His Majesty’s battalion.
to it.
6
Additional Questions & Answers
HISTORY
8. Gopala Nayak took inspiration from _______
I. Choose the correct answer : 1 Mark who sent a deputation to show his camaraderie.
1. Traditionally there were supposed to be (a) Hyder Ali
__________ Palayakkarars. (b) Tipu Sultan
(a) 75 (b) 72 (c) 65 (d) 80 (c) Veerapandya Kattabomman
[Ans. (b) 72] (d) Fateh Hyder
2. On many occasions the Palayakkarars helped [Ans. (b) Tipu Sultan]
the _______ rulers to restore the kingdom to 9. Under the provisions of the treaty signed
them. in 1781, ________ of the revenue was to be
in
(a) Kakatiya (b) Pallava allowed to the Nawab and his family.
(c) Nayak (d) Chola (a) One–fourth (b) One–fifth
s.
[Ans. (c) Nayak]
(c) One–sixth (d) One–third
3. _________ was the brother of Nawab of Arcot.
[Ans. (c) One–sixth]
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(a) Mahfuzkhan (b) Hyder Ali
10. ________ helped Kattabomman to escape
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(c) Fateh Hyder (d) Tipu Sultan
from Ramanathapuram.
[Ans. (a) Mahfuzkhan]
(a) Siva Subramanianar
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4. The English succeeded in getting the support (b) Maruthu brothers
of the rajas of __________. (c) Ramalinganar (d) Oomaithurai
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(a) Madurai and Tirunelveli [Ans. (d) Oomaithurai]
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(b) Tiruchirappali and Arcot

11. Jackson was dismissed from service and a new
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(c) Ettayapuram and Kalakkadu collector ________ was appointed.

(d) Ramanathapuram and Pudukottai (a) S.R. Lushington (b) Edward Clive
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[Ans. (d) Ramanathapuram and Pudukottai] (c) Bannerman (d) William Brown
5. After taking Pondicherry, the Englih had [Ans. (a) S.R. Lushington]
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eliminated the ________ from the picture. 12. Sivasubramanianar was executed at _________.
(a) French (b) Portuguese (a) Kayathar (b) Nagalapuram
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(c) Dutch (d) Spanish (c) Ettayapuram (d) Kallarpatti

[Ans. (a) French] [Ans. (b) Nagalapuram]
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6. Puli Thevar was defeated by _________ in

1767. 13. The uprising which broke out in ________ in
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(a) Col. Bon Jour June 1800, soon spread to Ramanathapuram

(b) Col. Heron and Madurai.
(c) Cap. Campbell (a) Tirunelveli (b) Madurai
(d) Sir John Cradock (c) Coimbatore (d) Kayathar
[Ans. (c) Cap. Campbell] [Ans. (c) Coimbatore]
7. Gopala Nayak put up a force at _______ hills, 14. Oomathurai and Sevathaiah were caputred
where he was supported by the local peasants. and beheaded at ________.
(a) Yelagiri (a) Kayathar
(b) Aanamalai (b) Panchalamkurichi
(c) Palani (c) Sivagiri
(d) Shervarayan (d) Kalayarkoil
[Ans. (b) Aanamalai] [Ans. (b) Panchalamkurichi]
7

15. Under the _______ Treaty of 31 July 1801, 2. _______ wielded much influence over the
the British assumed direct control over western Palayakkarars.
HISTORY
Tamilagam. (a) Velunachiyar

(a) Srirangam (b) Kalakadu (b) Veerapandiya Kattabomman
(c) Sivagangai (d) Carnatic (c) Dheeran Chinnamalai
[Ans. (d) Carnatic] (d) Puli Thevar [Ans. (d) Puli Thevar]
16. The forces of Chinnamalai and Tipu’s Diwan 3. Chinna Marudhu collected nearly _______
fought at _________ river bed. men to challenge the English army.
(a) Kaveri (b) Amaravati (a) 10,000 (b) 20,000
(c) Noyyal (d) Bhavani (c) 40,000 (d) 60,000
[Ans. (c) Noyyal] [Ans. (b) 20,000]
in
17. _________ who commanded the garrison was 4. The rebellion failed and Sivagangai was
the first victim of the Vellore revolt. annexed in ____________.
s.
(a) Col. Mekerras (b) Major Armstrong (a) 1747 (b) 1756
(c) Lt. Elly (d) Col. Fancourt (c) 1801 (d) 1805
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[Ans. (c) 1801]
[Ans. (d) Col. Fancourt]
5. The most affected part of the British
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18. _______ was the cavalary commandant in administration was the __________ system.
Arcot. (a) military (b) public service
(a) Major Cootes
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(c) revenue (d) educational
(b) Gillespie
[Ans. (c) revenue]
(c) Agnew
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(d) William Bentinck [Ans. (b) Gillespie] II. Fill in the blanks :
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19. Find the odd one out

1. The British referred to Palayakkarars as
(a) Kattabomman (b) Muthu Vadugar ________.[Ans. Poligar]
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(c) Oomathurai (d) Sevathaiah

[Ans. (b) Muthu Vadugar] 2. _______ means a domain, a military camp or a
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little kingdom.[Ans. Palayam]

20. Arrange the following in Chronological order.
(i) Marudhu Pandyars issued the 3. Palayakkarars system was in practice during the
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Tiruchirappalli Proclamation. rule of _______of Warangal.

(ii) Puli Thevar’s three major forts came under [Ans. Prataba Rudhra]
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the control of Yusuf Khan.

4. ________ was the minister of Viswanatha
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(iii) Tipu’s sons were ordered to be sent to Nayaka.[Ans. Ariyanathar]

Calcutta.
(iv) Kattabomman met Jackson in 5. Mahfuzkhan was sent to Tirunelveli with a
Ramanathapuram. contingent of the company under ______.
(a) ii, iv, i, iii (b) i, ii, iii, iv [Ans. Colonel Heron]
(c) iii, iv, ii, i (d) iv, iii, ii, i 6. Yusuf Khan was also known as _______ before
[Ans. (a) ii, iv, i, iii] his conversion to Isalm.
1. The Palayakkars were free to [Ans. Marudhanayagam]
(a) collect revenue
(b) administer the territory 7. Velunachiyar was the daughter of Raja ________
of Ramanathapuram.
(c) settle disputes
[Ans. Sellamutu Sethupathy]
(d) all of these [Ans. (d) all of these]
8
8. The company troops under the command of Lt. 22. In 1799, the status of _______ was reduced to
Col. Bon Jour stormed the ________ palace. that of a vassal. [Ans. Raja of Thanjavur]
HISTORY
[Ans. Kalaiyar Koil]
23. Gillespie reached the Vellore Fort along with
9. Velunachiyar lived under the protection of a squadron of cavalry under the command
Gopala Nayakar at _______ near Dindigul. of________. [Ans. Captain Young]
[Ans. Virupachi] 24. ______ was given 7000 pagodas in connection
10. Hyder Ali ordered his commandant _____ in with the suppression of the Vellore revolt.
Dindigul fort to provide the required military [Ans. Col. Gillespie)
assistance. [Ans. Syed] 25. Vellore Revolt had all the forebodings of the
11. _________ was the father of Veerapandya _________. [Ans. Great Rebellion of 1857]
in
Kattabomman.
26. ________ led one of the army units of Puli
[Ans. Jagavira Pandya Kattabomman]
Thevar.[Ans. Ondiveeran]
s.
12. ________ was the minister of Veerapandya
27. _______ prevented Kattbomman from meeting
Kattabomman. [Ans. Sivasubramanianar]
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the Marudhu Brothers.
13. Governor _______ ordered the release of
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[Ans. Collector Lushington]
Sivasubramanianar and the suspension of
Collector Jackson.[Ans. Edward Clive] 28. The most objectionable addition was the leather
cockade made of _________.[Ans. animal skin]
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14. _______ deputed Ramalinganar to convey a
III. Choose the correct statement
message asking Kattabomman to surrender.
www.kalviexpress.in 1. (i) Impressed by the courage of Velunachiyar

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[Ans. Bannerman]
Hyder Ali ordered his commandant Syed
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15. ________ was the capital of Chinna Marudhu. to provide the required military assistance.
[Ans. Siruvayal] (ii) Kattabomman refused to clear the revenue
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16. Marudhu Pandyas issued a proclamation of arrears.

Independence which is called _________. (iii) Marudhu brothers plundered the granaries
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[Ans. Tiruchirappali Proclamation] of the Nawab and caused damage and

destruction to company troops.
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17. The Marudhu brothers were executed in the fort (iv) Colonel Agnew and Colonel Innes
of ________ near Ramanathapuram. marched on Sivagangai in 1801.
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[Ans. Tirupathur] (a) (ii) and (iii) are correct

18. The rebellion of Marudhu brothers is called (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
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_______ Rebellion, a landmark event in the (c) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
history of Tamil Nadu. (d) (ii) and (iv) are correct
[Ans. South Indian Rebellion] [Ans. (c) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct]
19. The orignial name of Dheeran Chinnamalai was 2. (i)
The English demanded the Marudhu
_______. [Ans. Theerthagiri] Pandyars to hand over Veerapandya
Kattabomman to them.
20. Trained by the French, Dheeran mobilised the
(ii) Though the Palayakkarars fell to the
_____ youth to fight the British. [Ans. Kongu]
English their exploits and sacrifices
21. Coimbatore was annexed at the end of the inspired later generations.
________ war in 1799.
[Ans. Anglo Mysore war]
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(iii) On 10 July 1806, the Indian sepoys of the 1. Assertion (A) : After the death of Khan Sahib,
1st and 23rd regiments raised their standard Puli Thevar returned from exile and recaptured
HISTORY
of revolt. Nerkattm seval in 1764.

(iv) The officers and men engaged in the Reason (R) : On 1 September 1799, an
suppression of the Vellore revolt ultimatum was served on Kattabomman to
were rewarded with prize money and
promotion. surrender.
(a) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not
(b) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (ii) and (iv) are correct (b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
in
(d) (i) and (iii) are correct (c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
[Ans. (a) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct] correct explanation of (A)
s.
3. Assertion (A) : The Nawab of Arcot gave the (d) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct.
power of collecting the land revenue from [Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R)
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southern Palayakkarars to the East India is not the correct explanation of (A)]
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Company.
2. (i)
In May 1801, the English attacked the
Reason (R) : The Nawab of Arcot had borrowed rebels in Thanjavur and Tiruchirappalli.
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money from the East India Company and
(ii) The rebellion failed and Sivagangai was
conduct repay it.
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(a) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct

(iii) Oomathurai and Sevathaian were captured
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(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
and beheaded at Panchalamkurichi on 16
correct explanation of (A)
November 1801.
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(c) Both (A) and (R) are wrong

(iv) Seventy - two rebles were exiles to penang
(d) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not in Malaya.
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the correct explanation of (A) (a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
[Ans. (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R)
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(b) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct

is the correct explanation of (A)]
(c) (iii) and (iv) are correct
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4. Assertion (A) : Jackson was dismissed and (d) (i) and (iv) are correct
William Brown was appointed as the New [Ans. (b) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct]
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Collector.
IV. Match the following
Reason (R) : The Committee before which
Kattabomman appeared found that he was not 1. (1) Krishnappa Nayak (a) 23rd regiment
guilty. (2) Kerala Varma (b) Mahfuzkhan
(a) Both (A) and (R) are wrong (3) Colonel Mekerras (c) Udaiyaal
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct (4) Colonel Heron (d) Mysore
(c) (A) is right but R is not the correct (5) Kuyili (e) Malabar
explanation [Ans. 1 - d, 2 - e, 3 - a, 4- b, 5 - c]
(d) (A) is wrong but R is correct
[Ans. (d) (A) is wrong but R is correct]
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(1) Vellore Revolt (a) 1764 (ii) When his debts exceeded his capacity
2.
to pay, the power of collecting the land
HISTORY
(2) Yusuf Khan (b) 1730
revenue dues from southern Palayakkarars
(3) Nerkattum seval (c) Women was given to the East India Company.
soldiers
(4) Velunachiyar (d) Khan Sahib 4. Why did the Palayakkarars refuse to pay taxes
(5) Kuyili (e) 1806 to the company?
[Ans. 1 - e, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4- b, 5 - c] Ans. Claiming that their lands had been handed
down to them over sixty generations, many
3. (1) land revenue (a) June 1801
arear Palayakkarars refused to pay taxes to the
Company officials.
(2) Kattabomman (b) Odanilai
in
(3) Tiruchirappalli (c) 1799 5. Name the agents of Chaudc Sahib who
Proclamation commanded the Madurai and Tirunelveli
s.
(4) Dheeran (d) Sivagiri regions.
Chinnamalai
Ans. Three Pathan officers, Nawab Chanda Sahib’s
s
(5) Anglo - Mysore (e) 3310 pagadas agents, named Mianah, Mudimiah and Nabikhan
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War
Kattak commanded the Madurai and Tirunelveli
[Ans. 1 - e, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4- b, 5 - c] regions.
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V. Answer the following questions 6. Who supported Puli Thevar in his confederacy
briefly 2 Marks against the British?
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1. What dose the term ‘Palayakkarars’ refer to? Ans. Puli Thevar formed a confederacy of the
Ans. Palayakkarars (Poligar is how the British referred Palayakkars to fight the British. With the
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to them) in Tamil refers to the holder of a little exception of the Palayakkarars of Sivagiri,
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kingdom as a feudatory to a greater sovereign. all other Maravar Palayams supported him.
Ettayapuram and Panchalamkurichi also did not
2. How did the Palayakkarars system last for a
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join this confederacy.

long period?
7. Why was Yusuf Khan not prepared to attack
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Ans. The personal relationship and an understanding Puli Thevar?

between the King and the Palayakkarars made Ans. Yusuf Khan (also known as Khan Sahib or, before
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the system to last for about two hundred years his conversion to Islam, Marudhanayagam) who
from the Nayaks of Madurai, until the takeover had been sent by the Company was not prepared
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of these territories by the British. to attack Puli Thevar unless the big guns and
ammunition from Tiruchirappalli arrived.
3. Why was the power of collecting land revenue
8. Name the major forts of Puli Thevar that came
dues from Palayakkarars given to the East
under the control of Yusuf Khan in 1761.
India company by the Nawab of Arcot?
Ans. On 16 May 1761 Puli Thevar’s three major forts
Ans. (i) The Nawab of Arcot had borrowed money
Nerkattumseval, Vasudevanallur and Panayur
from the East India Company to meet came under the control of Yusuf Khan.
the expenses he had incurred during the
Carnatic Wars.
11

9. Write a short note on Ondiveeran. 14. What happened at Sivagangai after its
Ans. (i) Ondiveeran led one of the army units of annexation in 1801?
HISTORY
Puli Thevar. Fighting by the side of Puli Ans. (i) The Marudhu brothers were executed in the
Thevar, he caused much damage to the Fort of Tirupathur near Ramanathapuram
Company’s army. on 24 October 1801.
(ii) According to oral tradition, in one battle, (ii) Oomathurai and Sevathaiah were captured
Ondiveeran’s hand was chopped off and and beheaded at Panchalamkurichi on
Puli Thevar was saddened. But Ondiveeran 16 November 1801. Seventy-three rebels
said it was a reward for his penetration were exiled to Penang in Malaya.
into enemy’s fort causing many heads to
15. What were the arts in which Chinnamalai was
roll.
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trained?
10. By whom was the Dindigul league formed? Ans. Dheeran was well trained in silambu, archery,
s.
Ans. Gopala Nayak spearheaded the famous Dindigul horse riding and modern warfare.
League, which was formed with Lakshmi Nayak
16. Explain in brief about the out break of the
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of Manaparai and Poojai Nayak of Devadanapatti.
Vellore Revolt.
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11. Write a short note on Kuyili. Ans. (i) On 10 Jully 1806, guns were booming
Ans. (i) Kuyili, a faithful friend of Velunachiyar, is and the Indian sepoys of the 1st and 23rd
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said to have led the unit of women soldiers regiments raised their standard of revolt.
named after Udaiyaal. (ii) Colonel Fancourt, who commanded the
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Udaiyaal was a shepherd girl who was garrison, was the first victim. Colonel
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(ii)
killed for not divulging information on MeKerras of the 23rd regiment was killed
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Kuyili. next. Major Armstrong who was passing

the Fort heard the sound of firing.
(iii) Kuyili is said to have walked into the British
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(iii) When he stopped to enquire he was

arsenal (1780) after setting herself on fire,
showered with bullets. About a dozen
thus destroying all the ammunition.
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other officers were killed within an hour

12. Who were the members of the committee or so.
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before which Kattabomman appeared? (iv) Among them Lt. Elly and Lt. Popham
belonged to His Majesty’s battalion.
Ans. The Council asked Kattabomman to appear
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before a committee with William Brown, William 17. Who were the British officers held responsible
Oram and John Casamajor as members. for the Vellore Revolt?
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13. Who were the able generals of Muthu Vadugar Ans. The Commander – in – chief Sir John Cradock,
of Sivagangai? the Adjutant General Agnew and Governor
William Bentinck were held responsible for the
Ans. Periya Marudhu or Vella Marudhu (1748–1801)
revolt.
and his younger brother Chinna Marudhu (1753-
1801) were able generals of Muthu Vadugar of
Sivagangai.
12
18. By whom was the Vellore Revolt perfectly VII. Answer the following in detail:
organised? 5 Marks
HISTORY
Ans. The organising part of the revolt was done 1. Give an account of Dheeran Chinnamalai’s
perfectly by Subedars Sheik Adam and Sheik confrontations with the British.
Hamid and Jamedar Sheik Hussain of the 2nd Ans. (i) Chinnamalai was involved in resolving
battalion of 23rd regiment and two Subedars and family and land disputes in the Kongu
the Jamedar Sheik Kasim of the 1st battalion of region.
the 1st regiment.
(ii) As this region was under the control of the
19. In which places did the Vellore revolt echo? Mysore Sultan, tax was collected by Tipu’s
Ans. Vellore revolt had its echoes in Bellary, Diwan Mohammed Ali.
in
Walajabad, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Nandydurg (iii) Once, when the Diwan was returning to
and Sankaridurg. Mysore with the tax money, Theerthagiri
s.
20. Why did the Vellore revolt fail? blocked his way and confiscated all the tax
money.
Ans. The Vellore Revolt failed because there was no
s
immediate help from outside. (iv) He let Mohammed Ali go by instructing
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him to tell his Sultan that “Chinnamalai”,
VI. Answer the questions given under
who is between Sivamalai and
each caption. 8 Marks
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Chennimalai, was the one who took away
1. Rebellion of Marudhu brothers taxes. Thus he gained the name “Dheeran
(a) By whom was the second Palayakkarar Chinnamalai”.
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war directed?
(v) The offended Diwan sent a contingent to
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Ans. The Second Palayakarar War was directed attack Chinnamalai and both the forces
by a confederacy consisting of Marudhu met and fought at the Noyyal river bed.
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Pandyan of Sivagangai, Gopala Nayak of Chinnamalai emerged victorious.

Dindugal, Kerala Verma of Malabar and (vi) Trained by the French, Dheeran mobilised
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Krishnaappa Nayak and Dhoondaji of the Kongu youth in thousands and fought
Mysore. the British together with Tipu.
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(b) Who were the brothers of Kattabomman?

(vii) After Tipu’s death Dheeran Chinnamalai
Ans. Oomathurai and Sevathaiah built a fort and fought the British without
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(c) Where did the Marudhu brothers seek leaving the place. Hence the place is called
shelter?
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Odanilai. He launched guerrilla attacks

The Marudhu brothers sought shelter in
Ans. and evaded capture.
Sivagangai. (viii) Finally the English captured him and
(d) Name the British officers who marched his brothers and kept them in prison in
on Sivagangai. Sankagiri.
Colonel
Ans. Agnew and Colone Innes (ix) When they were asked to accept the rule
marched on Sivagangai. of the British, they refused. So they were
hanged at the top of the Sankagiri Fort on
31 July 1805.
13

2. Narrate Gillespie’s Brutality during the Vellore Revolt.
Ans. Gillespie’s Brutality :
HISTORY
(i) Major Cootes, who was outside the Fort, informed Colonel Gillespie, the cavalry commandant in
Arcot.
(ii) Gillespie reached the fort along with a squadron of cavalry under the command of Captain Young
at 9.00 am.
(iii) In the meantime, the rebels proclaimed Fateh Hyder, Tipu’s eldest son, as their new ruler and hoisted
the tiger flag of Mysore sultans in the Fort.
(iv) But the uprising was swiftly crushed by Col. Gillespie, who threw to winds all war ethics.
(v) In the course of suppression, according to an eyewitness account, eight hundred soldiers were found
in
dead in the fort alone.
(vi) Six hundred soldiers were kept in confinement in Tiruchirappalli and Vellore awaiting Inquiry.
s.

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14
Unit test
HISTORY
[Time : 60 Minutes] [Total : 25 Marks]
I. Choose the correct answer

(3 × 1 = 3)
1. Who was the first Palayakkarars to resist the East India Company’s policy of territorial aggrandizement?
(a) Marudhu brothers (b) Puli Thevar
(c) Velunachiyar
in
(d) Veerapandya Kattabomman
2. Where were the sons of Tipu Sultan sent after the Vellore Revolt?
s.
(a) Calcutta (b) Mumbai
s
(c) Delhi (d) Mysore
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3. ________ was the brothers of Nawab of Arcot.
(a) Mahfuzkhan (b) Hyder Ali
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(c) Fateh Hyder (d) Tipu Sultan
II. Fill in the blanks (3 × 1 = 3)
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1. Bennerman deputed ________ to convey his message, asking Kattabomman to surrender.

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2. _________ was declared the new Sultan by the rebels in Vellore Fort.
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3. The company troops under the command of Lt.Col. Bon Jour stormed the ________ palace.
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III. Match the following (4 × 1 = 4)

1. (1) Subedar Sheik Adam (a) Dindigul
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(2) Gopala Nayak (b) Udaiyaal

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(3) Col. Meerras (c) Vellore Revolt

(4) Kuyili (d) 23rd regiment
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IV. Answer the questions briefly

(3 × 2 = 6)
1. Highlight the essence of the Tiruchirappalli Procalamation of 1801.
2. Write a short note on Oodiveeran.
3. In which place did the Vellore revolt echo?
15
V. Answer all the questions given under each caption (4 × 1 = 4)

HISTORY
1. Dheeran Chinnamalai
(a) When was Dheeran Chinnamalai born?
(b) How did he earn the title “Chinnamalai”?
(c) Name the Diwan of Tipu Sultan?
(d) Why and where was he hanged to death.
VI. Write in detail answer (1 × 5 = 5)

1. Highlight the tragic fall of Sivagangai and its outcome.
in
A nswers
s.
I. 1.
(b) Puli Thevar
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(a) Calcutta
2.
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(a) Mahfuzkhan
3.
II. 1. Ramalinganar
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Fateh Hyder
2.
Kalaiyar Koil
3.
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III. 1. 1 - c, 2 - a, 3 - d, 4- b
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IV. 1. Refer Sura’s Guide V - 6 (Textual)

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Refer Sura’s Guide V - 9 (Additional)

2.
3.
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V. 1. Refer Sura’s Guide VI - 2 (Textual)

VI. 1. Refer Sura’s Guide VII - 2 (Textual)
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16
Civics
U nit 4
India's Foreign Policy
in
Learning Objectives
s.
ªª Identify the basic principles of India’s foreign policy
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ªª Explain the meaning and significance of non-alignment
ªª Analyse the stages of our foreign policy
ªª Explain the importance of foreign policy
pr
ªª Recognise the difference between domestic policy and foreign policy
ex
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Evaluation
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I. Choose the correct answer

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1. Which Minster plays a vital role in molding 3. Which article of Indian constitution directs to
foreign policy of our country? adopt foreign policy?
(a) Defense Minister (b) Prime Minister (a) Article 50 (b) Article 51
(c) External Affairs Minister (c) Article 52 (d) Article 53
(d) Home Minister [Ans. (b) Article 51]
[Ans. (c) External Affairs Minister] 4. Apartheid is
2. The Panchaseel treaty has been signed between (a) An international association
(a) India and Nepal (b) Energy diplomacy
(b) India and Pakistan (c) A policy of racial discrimination
(c) India and China
(d) None of these [Ans. (d) None of these]
(d) India and Sri Lanka
[Ans. (c) India and China]
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5. The Agreement signed by India and China in 5. Our tradition and national ethos is to
1954 related to practice____________. [Ans. disarmament]
(a) Trade and Commerce
III. Consider the following statement
(b) Restoration of normal relations
and tick the appropriate answer
(c) Cultural exchange programmes
(d) The Five Principles of Co existence 1. Arrange the following in the correct
[Ans. (d) The Five Principles of Co existence] chronological order and choose the correct
answer from the code given below.
6. Which is not related to our foreign policy (i) Pancha Sheel
(a) World co operation (b) World peace (ii) Nuclear test at Pokhran
(c) Racial equality (d) Colonialism (iii) Twenty-year Treaty
in
[Ans. (d) Colonialism] (iv) First Nuclear test
(a) (i), (iii), (iv), (ii) (b) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
7. Which of the following country is not the
s.
founder member of NAM? (c) (i), (ii), (iv), (iii) (d) (i), (iii), (ii), (iv)
[Ans. (a) (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)]
(a) Yugoslavia (b) Indonesia
s
(c) Egypt (d) Pakistan 2. Which of the following is not about NAM?
(i) The term Non-Alignment was coined by
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[Ans. (d) Pakistan]
V. Krishna Menon
8. Find the odd one (ii) It aimed to maintain national
(a) Social welfare (b) Health care
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independence in foreign affairs by joining
(c) Diplomacy (d) Domestic affairs any military alliance
[Ans. (c) Diplomacy] (iii) At present it has 120 member countries.
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9. Non-Alliance means (iv) It has transformed to an economical

movement.
vi
(a) being neutral

(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (iii) and (iv)
(b) freedom to decide on issues independently
(c) (ii) only (d) (iv) only
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(c) demilitarisation
[Ans. (c) (ii) only]
(d) none of the above
CIVICS
3. Write true or false against each of the statement.

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[Ans. (d) none of the above]

(a) During Cold War India tried to form a third
10. Non-military issues are bloc of nations in the international affairs.
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(a) Energy security (b) Water security [Ans. True]

(c) Pandemics (d) All the above (b) The Ministry of Home Affairs is responsible
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[Ans. (d) All the above] for the conduct of the country's foreign
II. Fill in the blanks relations. [Ans. False]
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1. India conducted its first nuclear test at (c) The nuclear test at Pokhran was done under
___________. [Ans. Pokhran] Subterranean Nuclear Explosions Project.
2. At present our foreign policy acts as a means [Ans. True]
to generate ________ for domestic growth and 4. Assertion (A) : India aligned with Soviet
development. Union by the Indo-Soviet treaty on 1971.
[Ans. inward investment, business and Reason (R) : This began with a disastrous
technology] Indo-China war of 1962.
3. __________ is the instrument for implementing (a) A is correct and R explains A
foreign policy of a state. [Ans. Diplomacy] (b) A is correct and R does not explain A
4. _________ was India’s policy in the face of the (c) A is correct and R is wrong
bipolar order of the cold war. (d) Both A and R are wrong
[Ans. Non-Alignment] [Ans. (c) A is correct and R is wrong]
138
India's Foreign Policy Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE
5. Assertion (A) : India has formal diplomatic 2. Explain India’s nuclear policy.
relations with most of the nations. Ans. (i) Our tradition and national ethos is to
Reason (R) : India is the World's second practice disarmament. As a peace-loving
most populous country. nation, India champions the cause of
(a) A is correct and R explains A qualitative and quantitative disarmament
(b) A is correct and R does not explain A right from the beginning.
(c) A is wrong and R is correct (ii) Since independence, global non-
(d) Both are wrong proliferation has been a dominant theme
of India’s nuclear policy.
[Ans. (a) A is correct and R explains A]
(iii) So India supported UN disarmament
6. Avoidance of military blocs was necessity for programme. Indian nuclear programme
India after political freedom. Because India in 1974 and 1998 is only done for strategic
in
had to redeemed from purposes.
(a) acute poverty (b) illiteracy
3. Highlight the contribution by Nehru to India’s
s.
(c) chaotic socio-economic conditions
foreign policy.
(d) all the above [Ans. (d) all the above] Ans. (i) The period from Independence through
s
1950s and 1960s constituted the most
re
idealistic phase of India’s foreign policy
(1) Indian Ocean island - 1955 under the guidance of India’s first Prime
Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru.
xp
(2) Land bridge to - 1954
(ii) The new nations that got independence
ASEAN after the long period of colonial struggle
(3) Panchsheel - Maldives
www.kalviexpress.in found themselves in a very difficult

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(4) Afro Asian - Foreign policy situation with respect to economic

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Conference development.
(5) World peace - Myanmar (iii) So it was necessary to align with either
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of the blocs – United States of America

Ans. (1) Indian Ocean island - Maldives (USA) or United Soviet Socialist Republic
CIVICS
(USSR).
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(2) Land bridge to - Myanmar

ASEAN 4. Differentiate: Domestic policy and Foreign
policy
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(3) Panchsheel - 1954

(4) Afro Asian - 1955 Ans. Difference between Domestic policy and
Foreign policy :
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Conference
(5) World peace - Foreign S.
Domestic Policy Foreign Policy
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policy No.
1. Domestic policy is Foreign policy is
V. Give short answers the nation’s plan for the nation’s plan for
1. What is foreign policy? dealing issues within dealing with other
its own nation. nations.
Ans. (i) Foreign policy can be defined as a country’s
policy that is conceived, designed and 2. It includes laws Trade, diplomacy,
formulated to safeguard and promote focusing on domestic sanctions, defence,
her national interests in her external affairs, social intelligence and
affairs, in the conduct of relationships welfare, health care, global environments
with other countries, both bilaterally and education, civil are the types of
multilaterally. rights, economic foreign policy.
(ii) It seeks to secure the best interests of
issues and social
issues.
the people, territory and economy of the
country.
139

5. List any four guiding principles of Panchsheel? VI. Answer in detail
Ans. (i) Mutual non-aggression
(ii) Mutual non-interference 1. Write a detailed note on Non-alignment.
(iii) Equality and co-operation for mutual Ans. (i) The term ‘Non-Alignment’ was coined
benefit by V. Krishna Menon in his speech at the
(iv) Peaceful co-existence United Nations in 1953.
(ii) Non-alignment has been regarded as the
6. What was the reason for India to choose the most important feature of India’s foreign
path of Non-Alignment? policy.
Ans. (i) Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, (iii) It aimed to maintain national
was opposed to the rivalry of the two independence in foreign affairs by not
superpowers (America and Russia) who
in
joining any military alliance.
were trying to extend their influence over (iv) It was the largest political grouping of
the newly emerged nations of Asia and
s.
countries in a multilateral fora.
Africa. (v) The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
s
(ii) So he choose the path of Non-Alignment was formed with a membership of 120
in the face of the bipolar order of the countries and 17 states as observers and
nations in international affairs.

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cold war and tried to form a third bloc of
(vi)
10 international organisations.
Non-aligned countries have been
xp
successful in establishing a foundation
7. In what ways are India’s global security
of economic co-operation among
concerns reflected?
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underdeveloped countries.
Ans. India’s global security concerns are reflected in
(vii) Another noteworthy fact is that it has
vi
its military modernisation, maritime security

transformed from a political movement to
and nuclear policies.
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an economical movement.
8. List out the member countries of SAARC.
The founding fathers of Non-Aligned
CIVICS
Ans. The member countries are Afghanistan,

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Movement :
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Maldives,
Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Tito of
Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
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Yugoslavia, Nasser of Egypt, Sukarno

9. Name the architects of the Non-Aligned of Indonesia, and Kwame Nkumarah of
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movement. Ghana were the founding fathers of NAM.

Ans. Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Tito of Yugoslavia, New Challenges and modifying policies :
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Nasser of Egypt, Sukarno of Indonesia, and (i) The Non-alignment roots did not prevent
Kwame Nkumarah of Ghana were the founding India from entering into an alignment
fathers of NAM. with the Soviet Union by the Indo-Soviet
10. Mention the main tools of foreign policy. treaty of 1971 (20-year pact of ‘peace,
friendship and co-operation’).
Ans. The main tools of foreign policy are treaties and
executive agreements, appointing ambassadors, (ii) Then India embarked on a substantial
foreign aid, international trade and armed forces. programme of military modernisation. In
1974, India also conducted its first nuclear
test at Pokhran under Subterranean
Nuclear Explosions Project, in response to
China’s nuclear test in 1964 at Lop Nor.
140
2. Discuss the core determinants of India’s c) A gradual transition from ‘Look East’ to ‘Act
foreign policy? East’ policy :
Ans. (i) Geographical position and size of territory (i) South East Asia begins with North East
(ii) Nation’s history, traditions and India. Myanmar is our land bridge to
philosophical basis the countries of the Association of the
(iii) Natural resources Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
(iv) The compulsion of economic development (ii) This policy emphasises a more productive
role for ASEAN and East Asian countries.
(v) Political stability and structure of
government (iii) The three big elements in our eastern
policy are stronger emphasis on physical
(vi) The necessity of peace, disarmament and
connectivity, commercial and security-
in
non-proliferation of nuclear weapons
related.
(vii) Military strength
s.
d) Economic development :
(viii) International milieu
(i) Currently India’s political moves are being
s
3. Make a list on basic concepts followed by influenced by economic imperatives.
India to maintain friendly relations with its
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(ii) Many nations are moving to forge better
neighbours. relationship with India.
Ans. a. Prioritising an integrated neighbour-hood:
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(iii) Accelerated, balanced and inclusive
Neighbourhood First policy economic development is India’s primary
(i) India’s foreign policy has always regarded goal.
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the concept of neighbourhood as one

e) India as a leading power :
of widening concentric circles, around
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(i) India is a member of the G20, the East

the central axis of historical and cultural
Asia Summit and the BRICS coalition, a
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commonalties.
testament to its status as a large country
(ii) India gives political and diplomatic
CIVICS
with a fast-growing economy.
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priority to her immediate neighbours and

(ii) India aspires for permanent membership
the Indian Ocean Island states such as
on the UN Security Council.
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Maldives.
Conclusion :
(iii) India provides neighbours with support
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(i) Today India has formal diplomatic

as needed in the form of resources,
relations with most of the nations, besides
equipment and training.
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being the world’s second most populous

b. Bridging diplomacy and development :
country, largest democracy and one of the
(i) One of the major objectives of India’s fastest growing country.
foreign policy has been to leverage
(ii) Thus India adheres to the foreign policy
international partnership for India’s
principle that ‘in international relations
domestic development.
there is no permanent friend and no
(ii) This includes improving technological permanent foe, only the interests are
access, sourcing capital, gaining market permanent’.
access and securing natural resources. (iii) New challenges forced India to adjust to
new realities. Even then, basic framework
of its foreign policy remained more or less
the same.
141
dditional Questions & AnsWers

A
I. Choose the correct answer 1 Mark 8. The __________ is mean for mutual assistance
among nations for peace and progress.
1. _______ seeks to secure the best interests of the
(a) Foreign policy (b) Panchsheel
people, territory and economy of the country.
(c) Non-Aligned movement
(a) Foreign policy (b) Diplomacy
(d) GATT
(c) Panchsheel (d) None of these
[Ans. (c) Non-Aligned movement]
[Ans. (a) Foreign policy]
9. __________ is an economic and geopolitical
2. The main tools of foreign policy are ________. organisation of eight countires that are
(a) treaties (b) executive primarily located in south Asia.
in
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these (a) SAARC (b) GATT
[Ans. (c) both (a) and (b)] (c) WTO (d) HRM
s.
3. The Ministry of External Affairs of India also [Ans. (a) SAARC]
known as _______. 10. SAARC Disaster Management Centre was set
s
(a) National Security up at ________.
(a) Bombay (b) Calcutta
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(b) National Prosperity
(c) Foreign Ministry (c) New Delhi (d) Egypt
(d) Economic development [Ans. (c) New Delhi]
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[Ans. (c) Foreign Ministry] 11. Many nations are moving to forge better
relationship with _______.
4. The foreign service Training Institute, New
www.kalviexpress.in (a) India (b) China

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Delhi established in _________. (c) Italy (d) None

(a) 1980 (b) 1982
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[Ans. (a) India]

(c) 1964 (d) 1986
12. India's foreign policy is based on several
[Ans. (d) 1986]
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principles one of which is.

5. Panchsheel between India and China was (a) Satyamev Jayate (b) Live and Let Live
CIVICS
(c) Panchsheel (d) None of these

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signed on
(a) 28 April 1954 (b) 28 April 1964 [Ans. (c) Panchsheel]
(c) 28 December 1954 (d) 1st April 1964
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13. Since April 2007, _________ is eighth member

[Ans. (a) 28 April 1954] of SAARC after India endorsed its full
membership.
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6. ________ chose the path of Non-Alignment in (a) Bhutan (b) Maldives

the face of the bipolar order of the cold war. (c) Afghanistan (d) Nepal
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(a) Jawaharlal Nehru [Ans. (a) Bhutan]

(b) V. Krishna Menon 14. India–Bangladesh signed a 'Treaty of
(c) Tito (d) Nasser Friendship and peace in the year ________.
[Ans. (a) Jawaharlal Nehru] (a) 1971 (b) 1972
(c) 1974 (d) 1985
7. The Non-Aligned movement was formed with
[Ans. (b) 1972]
a membership of ________ countries and
_________ States. 15. Panchsheel was formulated by which of the
(a) 100, 13 (b) 120, 17 following Indian Prime Minsiter?
(c) 100, 33 (d) 120, 31 (a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Indira Gandhi
(c) Lal Bahadur Shastri
[Ans. (b) 120, 17]
(d) Gulzari Lal Nanda
[Ans. (a) Jawaharlal Nehru]
142
16. The principles of Panchsheel were adopted in 4. The term Non-Alignment was coined by
the __________.[Ans. V. Krishna Menon]
(a) Beijing conference
(b) Bandung conference 5. Non-Alignment has been regarded as the most
(c) New Delhi conference important feature of _________.
(d) Belgrade conference [Ans. India's foreign policy]
[Ans. (b) Bandung conference] 6. _______ was the largest political grouping of
17. The Non-Aligned movements came into countries in a multilateral foro.
existence mainly through the initiative of [Ans. Non-Alignment]
(a) Yugoslavian President Joseph Tito
(b) Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru 7. Then India embarked on a substantial programme
(c) Egyptian President Gama Abdul Nassar of _______ modernisation.
in
(d) All of them[Ans. (d) All of them] [Ans. military]
18. Currently how many members are in the 8. The foremost task of India's ________ is to
s.
SAARC organisation?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 8 enable the domestic transformation of India.
s
[Ans. (d) 8] [Ans. foreign policy]
19. When was SAARC established?
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(a) 1967 (b) 1953 9. Indian nuclear programme in 1974 and 1998 is
(c) 1985 (d) 1990 only done for ________ purposes.
[Ans. strategic]
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[Ans. (c) 1985]
20. Which of the following country is not the 10. _________ is our land bridge to the countries of
member of the SAARC?
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(a) Nepal (b) Myanmar

(c) Bhutan (d) Maldives [Ans. Myanmar]
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[Ans. (b) Myanmar] 11. Currently India's political moves are being
influenced by ________.
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21. Where is the headquarters of the SAARC?

(a) Manila (b) Kathmandu [Ans. economic imperatives]
CIVICS
(c) New Delhi (d) Jakarta
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12. India aspires for permanent membership on the

[Ans. (b) Kathmandu] ______ council.[Ans. UN Security]
22. Which of the following SAARC memebr has
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13. Our common fight against ________ is a

the highest population?
particular element of strength.
(a) Bangladesh (b) Nepal
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[Ans. terrorism]
(c) Pakistan (d) Afghanistan
[Ans. (c) Pakistan] III. Consider
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the following statement

II. Fill in the blanks and tick the appropriate answer
1. _______ have also been interdependent.
1. Which of the following is true about NAM?
[Ans. Nations]
(i) The NAM does not have a constitution
2. Interdependence has been an incontrovertible (ii) The NAM doest not have a permanent
fact of _______ relations.[Ans. international] secretariat
3. _______ was necessary to align with either of the (iii) The NAM's coordinating Bureau is based
blocs-united states of America or united Soviet at the UN
Socialist Republic. (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (iii) only
[Ans. Foreign policy]
(c) (i) only (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
[Ans. (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)]
143

2. The main tools of foreign policy 2. (1) Jawaharlal Nehru (a) Egypt
(i) treaties and executive agreements
(ii) appointing ambassadors (2) Tito (b) Ghana
(iii) foreign aid (3) Nasser (c) Indonesia
(iv) international trade and armed forces (4) Sukarno (d) Yugoslavia
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (5) Kwame Nkumarah (e) India
(c) (iii) and (iv) [Ans. 1 - e, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4 - c, 5 - b]
(d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
[Ans. (d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)] 3. (1) Look East policy (a) Military
3. Assertion (A) : Non-alignment has been modernisation
regarded as the most important feature of (2) Second nuclear (b) ISRO
in
India's foreign policy. test
Reason (R) : It aimed to maintain national (3) India's global (c) Economic
s.
independence in foreign affairs by not joining security issues
any military alliance. (4) SAARC (d) 1998
(a) A is correct but R explains A
s
(5) Domestic Policy (e) 1992
(b) A is correct and R does not explain A
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[Ans. 1 - e, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4 - b, 5 - c]
(c) A is wrong and R is correct
(d) Both are wrong V. Give short answers 2 Marks
xp
[Ans. (a) A is correct but R explains A] 1. What are the principles of India's foreign
policy?
4. Assertion (A) : The Ministry of External
Ans. Lays down Directives Principles of India's foreign
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Affairs is responsible for carrying out the
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policy. The state shall endeavour to

foreign policy of India.
(i) Promote International peace and security
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Reason (R) : The foreign service Training (ii) Maintain just and honourable relations
Institute, New Delhi established in 1990. between nations
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(a) A is correct and R explains A

(iii) Foster respect for international law and
(b) A is correct and R does not explain A international organisation
CIVICS
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(c) A is correct and R is wrong

(iv) Encourage settlement of international
(d) Both A and R are wrong disputes by arbitration
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[Ans. (c) A is correct and R is wrong] 2. What are the main objectives of out foreign
5. Greater connectivity and integration is policy?
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provided as to Ans. (i) National security

(a) improve the free flow of goods (ii) National prosperity
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(b) people and energy (iii) Increasing the number of friendly nations
(c) capital and information (iv) Achieving world peace and enable every
(d) all the above [Ans. (d) all the above] nation to peacefully co-exist
(v) Economic development
3. What are the themes of nuclear doctrine?
1. (1) Foreign policy (a) 1954 Ans. The two themes of India's nuclear doctrine are
(2) IFS (b) 1953 (i) No first use
(ii) Credible minimum deterrence
(3) Panchsheel (c) 120 countries
(4) Non-Alignement (d) 1986 4. Mention the Article of Indian constitution to
promote international peace and security.
(5) NAM (e) Armed forces
Ans. Article 51 to lay down some directive principles
[Ans. 1 - e, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4 - b, 5 - c] of state policy.
144
5. Highlight any four major objectives of Prime Jawaharlal Nehru) and China (Premier Chou-
Minister Nehru's foreign policy. En-Lai) was signed on 28 April 1954, which
Ans. (i) The first objective was to follow NAM, not stated that the two governments entered into an
to join either the military blocs formed by agreement based on the following principles:
USA and Soviet Union. (i) Mutual respect for each other's territorial
(ii) To promote rapid economic development integrity and sovereignty.
and maintain cordial relations with other (ii) Mutual non-aggression
nations.
(iii) Mutual non-interference
(iii) To perfect the territorial integrity.
(iv) Equality and co-operation for mutual
(iv) To preserve sovereignty of India and also benefit
respecting other sovereignty.
(v) Peaceful co-existence
6. Write any two objectives of SAARC. These principles were incorporated in the
in
Ans. (i) To promote the welfare of the people of Bandung Declaration signed in the Afro-Asian
South Asian countries. Conference held in 1955 in Indonesia.
s.
(ii) To promote economic growth, cultural 2. What are the basic concepts of India's foreign
development and social progress in the policy?
s
region.
Ans. (i) Preservation of national interest
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7. Describe the different between neutrality and (ii) Achievement of world peace
Non-alignment. (iii) Disarmament
Ans. Following are the difference between Neutrality
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(iv) Fostering cordial relationship with other
and Non-alignment.
countries
(i) Neutrality is related with war like situations
(v) Solving conflicts by peaceful means
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whereas Non-alignment is related to both
e
war and peace situations. (vi) Independence of thought and action as

per the principle of NAM
vi
(ii) The term Neutrality is used in international

law whereas Non-alignment is a term used (vii) Equality in conducting international
in international relations. relations
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(viii) Anti-colonialism, anti-imperialism, anti-

8. What are the ways of India's policy?
CIVICS
racism
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Ans. This shifts in India's policy manifested in various

way such as 3. Write about SAARC.
Better relations with China – the Look Ans. (i) SAARC is an economic and geopolitical
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(i)
East Policy (1992) organisation of eight countries that are
(ii) The second nuclear test at Pokhran (1998) primarily located in South Asia.
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in Rajasthan. (ii) The SAARC policies aim to promote

(iii) Defence procurement relationship with welfare economics, collective self-reliance
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Israel among the countries of South Asia and to

(iv) Energy diplomacy with Arab countries accelerate socio-cultural development in
and Iran. Agreeing to US nuclear missile the region.
defence program and (iii) SAARC Disaster Management Centre was
(v) India's vote against Iran at the International set up at New Delhi.
Atomic Energy Agency. (iv) The Centre is a sleek body of professionals
VI. Answer in detail 5 Marks working on various dimensions of disaster
risk reduction and management in South
1. Briefly explain Panchsheel.
Asia.
Ans. Panchsheel : (derived from Sanskrit words,
(v) SAARC satellite is a proposed
pan = five, sheel = virtues)
communication–cum-meteorology satellite
The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence by Indian Space Research Organisation
(Panchsheel) between India (Prime Minister (ISRO) for the SAARC region.
145

(vi) The member countries are Afghanistan, did mean neutrality, but the freedom of
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, nations to decide on issues independently.
Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
(vi) Non-alliance did not mean
4. What are the foreign policy facing new demilitarisation of nations. It was meant
challenges and modifying policies? to ensure de-escalation of conflicts and
Ans. (i) Changing global conditions determine the tension. To a large extent, it enabled
foreign policy details, yet India’s foreign
India to concentrate on socio-economic
policy was based on certain well defined
principles. development.
(ii) These principles are not mere idealistic (vii) Flaws or faults in details of foreign policy
but pragmatist too. India got her political executions have been addressed time
freedom in the aftermath of a disastrous and again but India’s basic policy of non-
in
Second World War, and India had to be Alliance is still in force.
redeemed from acute poverty illiteracy,
s.
(viii) The NAM is meant for mutual assistance
and chaotic socio-economic conditions.
among nations for peace and progress.
(iii) Hence our new nation could not afford
s
to military entanglements and military The foreign policy stance of India was
re
alliances. 1. Supporting the cause of decolonisation.
(iv) Independent India had to defend its 2.
Staunch opponent of the apartheid
democratic system, and at the same time regime in South Africa.
xp
evolve and enforce means to salvage the
nation from backwardness. 3. Accepted the importance of defence
preparedness.
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(v) Avoidance of military blocs was then not
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an option but a necessity. Now Alliance

vi
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
CIVICS
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w
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146
nit test
U
I. Choose the correct answer (4 × 1 = 4)

1. Which article of Indian constitution directs to adopt foreign policy?
(a) Article 50 (b) Article 51
(c) Article 52 (d) Article 53
2. Non–military issues are
(a) Energy security (b) Water security
in
(c) Pandemics (d) All the above
3. The foreign service Training Institute, New Delhi established in ________.
s.
(a) 1980 (b) 1982
(c) 1964 (d) 1986
s
4. SARRC Disaster Management Centre was set up at _________.
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(a) Bombay (b) Calcutta
(c) New Delhi (d) Egypt
xp
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1. India conducted its first nuclear test at ___________.
e
2. Our tradition and national ethos is to practice ___________.

vi
3. Then India embarked on a substantial programme of ________ modernisation.

al
4. _________ is our land bridge to the countries of the association of the southeast Asian nations.
CIVICS
III. Match the following (4 × 1 = 4)
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1. (1) Indian Ocean island (a) 1954

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(2) World peace (b) Maldives

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(3) Panchsheel (c) ISRO

(4) SAARC (d) Foreign policy
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IV. Give short answers (4 × 2 = 8)

1. Differentiate : Domestic policy and Foreign policy.
2. Mention the main tools of foreign policy.
3. What are the principles f India's foreign policy?
4. What are the themes of nuclear doctrine?
V. Answer in Detail (1 × 5 = 5)
1. Discuss the core determinants of India's foreign policy?
147
A nswers
I. 1. (b) Article 51
(d)
2. All the above
(d) 1986
3.
(c)
4. New Delhi
II. 1. Pokhran
disarmament
2.
military
3.
in
Myanmar
4.
s.
III. 1. 1 - b, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4 - c
IV. 1. Refer Sura’s Guide V - 4 (Textual)
s
Refer Sura’s Guide V - 10 (Textual)
2.
3.
re
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4.
V. 1. Refer Sura’s Guide VI - 2 (Textual)
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
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CIVICS
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148
Economics
Economics
U nit 3
Food Security and Nutrition
in
Learning Objectives
s.
ªª To study about the meaning, definition of food security
es
ªª To know about the availability and access to food grains
ªª To understand about the purchasing power and agricultural policy
pr
ªª To gain knowledge about the multi-dimensional nature of poverty
ex
ªª To study about nutrition and health status and policies in Tamil Nadu
www.kalviexpress.in Evaluation
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I. Choose the correct answer (a) i and ii are correct

(b) iii and iv are correct
1. __________ of food is physical availability of (c) ii and iii are correct
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food stocks in desired quantities, which is a

(d) all are correct [Ans. (d) all are correct]
function of domestic production, changes in
stocks and imports. 4. __________ extended assistance through its
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(a) Availability of food (b) Access to food Public Law 480.

(a) United States of America
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(c) Absorption of food (d) none

[Ans. (a) Availability of food] (b) India
(c) Singapore
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2. Buffer stock is the stock of food grains, namely

wheat and rice, procured by the government (d) UK [Ans. (a) United States of America]
through the __________. 5. __________ revolution was born in India
(a) FCI paving way for self sufficiency in food grain
(b) Consumer Cooperatives production.
(c) ICICI (a) Blue Revolution (b) White Revolution
(d) IFCI[Ans. (a) FCI] (c) Green Revolution (d) Grey Revolution
[Ans. (c) Green Revolution]
3. Which is correct?.
(i) HYV–High Yielding Varieties 6. __________ is the only state in India to adopt
(ii) MSP–Minimum Support Price universal PDS.
(iii) PDS–Public Distribution System (a) Kerala (b) Andhra Pradesh
(iv) FCI–Food Corporation of India (c) Tamil Nadu (d) Karnataka
[Ans. (c) Tamil Nadu]
163

7. ______ is the process of providing or obtaining III. Match the following
the food necessary for health and growth.
(a) Health (b) Nutrition (1) Consumer - subsidized rates
cooperatives
(c) Sanitation (d) Security
(2) Public Distribution - 2013
[Ans. (b) Nutrition]
System
8. Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition Programme (3) UNDP - least poor region
was started in __________.
(4) National Food - Supply of quality
(a) 1980 (b) 1975
Security Act goods
(c) 1955 (d) 1985
(5) Kerala - United Nations
[Ans. (a) 1980] Development
9. __________ status is one of the indicators Programme
in
of the overall well-being of population and Ans.
human resources development.
s.
(a) Health (b) Nutritional (1) Consumer - Supply of quality
(c) Economic (d) Wealth cooperatives goods
s
[Ans. (a) Health] (2) Public Distribution - subsidized rates
System
10. Tamil Nadu Health System Projects has
launched ________ service at free of cost.
re (3) UNDP - United Nations
Development
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(a) 106 ambulance (b) 108 ambulance Programme
(c) 107 ambulance (d) 105 ambulance (4) National Food - 2013
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[Ans. (b) 108 ambulance]

(5) Kerala - least poor region
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II. Fill in the blanks IV. Assertion and Reason

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1. __________ foundation from USA introduced 1. Assertion (A): Purchasing power increases,
HYV in India. [Ans. Ford] price decreases and vice versa.
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Reason (R) : The production of goods

2. __________ is an important indicator of decline, the price of goods increases and then
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nutrition deficiency. [Ans. Underweight] the purchasing power is affected.

3. In the year ___________ National Food Security (a) A is correct, R is false
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(b) Both A and R are false statements

Act was passed by the Indian Parliament.
(c) A is correct but R is not a correct explanation
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[Ans. 2013] (d) A is correct, R is the correct explanation of A

4. _______ play an important role in the supply of [Ans. (*) A is false, R is correct]
quality goods at responsible rates to common V. Answer in short
people. [Ans. Consumer Cooperatives] 1. Define food security according to FAO.
ECONOMICS
5. ___________ is the value of currency expressed Ans. According to FAO (2009), “Food security exists
in terms of the amount of goods and services that when all people, at all times, have physical,
one unit of money can buy. social and economic access to sufficient, safe and
[Ans. Purchasing Power] nutritious food which meets their dietary needs
and food preferences for an active and healthy
life.”
164
Food Security and Nutrition Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE
2. What are the basic components of food and 6. Write a note on Differential Universal PDS and
nutrition security? Targeted PDS.
Ans. The basic components of food and nutrition Ans. (i) While Tamil Nadu has adopted an
security, are ‘Universal’ PDS, the rest of the states in
(i) Availability of food India had a ‘Targeted’ PDS.
(ii) Access to food (ii) Under universal PDS all the family ration
(iii) Absorption of food card holders are entitled to the supplies
from PDS.
3. Explain ‘ship to mouth’ phenomenon. (iii) In the targeted PDS, the beneficiaries are
Ans. (i) The recurrent droughts experienced by identified based on certain criteria and given
India pushed her to be dependent on their entitlements, leaving out the rest.
imports of food grains. (iv) Both the Union and the State governments
in
(ii) However, the available foreign exchange subsidised the supplies distributed
reserve could not permit open market through PDS. The level and quantum of
purchases and import of grains.
s.
subsidy also varied across states.
(iii) India had to plead for food grains from
richer countries at concessional rates. 7. Write a short note on purchasing power.
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(iv) United States of America extended Ans. Purchasing power is the value of a currency
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assistance through its Public Law 480 expressed in terms of the amount of goods or
(PL 480) scheme to India during early services that one unit of money can buy.
1960s. This situation was popularly
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known as ‘Ship to Mouth’ existence. 8. What are the main reasons for the New
Agricultural Policy?
4. What is the role of FCI in Green Revolution? Ans. (i) The new agricultural policy based
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The Food Corporation of India along
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Ans. (i) on export of agricultural goods was

with other Government agencies provide announced by the Central government in
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effective price assurance for wheat, paddy 2018.

and coarse grains. (ii) The main reason is to give an assurance
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(ii) Centres are selected in such a manner that that organic or processed agricultural
the farmers are not required to cover more products will not be under any export
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than 10 kms to bring their produce to the restrictions such as export duty, export
nearest centres of major procuring states. bans and quota restriction.
(iii) Price support purchases are organized in
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more than 12,000 centres for wheat and 9. Write short note on multi-dimensional nature
also more than 12,000 centres for paddy of poverty.
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every year in the immediate post-harvest Ans. (i) Multi-dimensional poverty measures can
season. be used to create a more comprehensive
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picture.
(iv) Foodgrains are procured according to
the Government-Prescribed quality (ii) As well as providing a headline measure of
standards. poverty, multi-dimensional measures can
be broken down to reveal the poverty level
ECONOMICS
5. What are the effects of Green Revolution? in different areas of a country, and among
Ans. (i) Increase in production and productivity different sub-groups of people.
Scientific cultivation (iii) Multi-dimensional poverty is made up
(ii)
of several factors that constitute poor
(iii) Change in cropping pattern
people’s experience of deprivation such
(iv) Development of Industries as health, education, living standards,
(v) Change in Attitudes income, disempowerment, quality of work
and threat from violence.
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10. Write some name of the nutrition programmes 2. Explain Minimum Support Price.
in Tamil Nadu. Ans. Minimum Support Price :
Ans. (i) Purachi Thalaivar M.G.R. Nutrition Meal (i) Minimum Support Price is a price fixed by
Programme an expert group for a particular crop by
(ii) National Programme of Nutritional considering various costs involved in the
Support to Primary Education cultivation of that crop.
(iii) General ICDS Projects and World Bank (ii) After announcing the MSP, the State will
Assisted Integrated Child Development open procurement centres in places where
Services these crops are widely grown.
(iv) Pradhan Manthri Gramodaya Yojana (iii) However, the farmers are free to sell in the
Scheme (PMGYS) open market if they get a better price for
(v) Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition their crop produce.
in
Programme (iv) On the other hand, if the open market
(vi) Mid-Day Meal Programme price is lower than the MSP, the farmers
s.
would get an assured price (the MSP) by
VI. Answer in detail selling their produce to the FCI.
s
1. Elucidate why the Green Revolution was born. (v) Thus, with the implementation of MSP
Ans. (i) The Green Revolution Started in 1965 farmers are certain about the price they
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with the first introduced of High Yielding would get at the end of the crop season.
Variety (HYV) seeds in Indian agriculture. (vi) Further, farmers also get insulated against
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(ii) This was coupled with better and efficient any price crash during the harvest season.
irrigation and the correct use of fertilizers
to boost the crop. (vii) The farmers are paid a pre-announced
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(iii) The end result of the Green Revolution

was to make India self-sufficient when ti Minimum Support Price (MSP).
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came to food grains. (viii) The MSP is declared by the government

(iv) After 1947 India had to rebuild its every year before the sowing season
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economy. Over three-quarters of the to provide incentives to farmers for

population depended on agriculture in raising the production of these crops.
some way. The purchased foodgrains are stored in
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(v) But agriculture in India was faced with granaries.

several problem. Firstly, the productivity 3. Elaborate the Public Distribution System.
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of grains was very low. And India was still

Ans. (i) The increase in food grain production
monsoon dependent because of lack of
need not result in increase in access to
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irrigation and other infrastructure.

food for all.
(vi) There was also an absence of modern
(ii) Given the unequal distribution of income
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technology. And India had previously

faced severe famines during the British and the level of poverty that persists in
Raj, who had only promoted cash crops Indian economy, the government took
instead of food crops. steps to distribute food grains at subsidised
rates through the Public Distribution
(vii) The idea was to never depend on any other
ECONOMICS
System (PDS).
country for food sufficiency.
(iii) The nature, scope and functioning of PDS
(viii) So in 1965, the government with the help
varies from state to state.
of Indian geneticists M.S. Swaminathan,
known as the father of Green Revolution, (iv) While Tamil Nadu has adopted an
launched the Green Revolution. ‘Universal’ PDS, the rest of the states in
India had a ‘Targeted’ PDS.
(ix) The movement lasted from 1967 to 1978
and was a great success. (v) Under universal PDS all the family ration
card holders are entitled to the supplies
from PDS.
166
(vi) In the targeted PDS, the beneficiaries are (iii) Demand for goods : When demand
identified based on certain criteria and for goods increases, the price of goods
given their entitlements, leaving out the increases then the purchasing power is
rest. affected.
(vii) Both the Union and the State governments (iv) Price of goods affect the value of
subsidised the supplies distributed currency: When the price increases the
through PDS. The level and quantum of purchasing power decreases and finally
subsidy also varied across states. the value of currency decreases and vice
(viii) Subsequently, the National Food Security versa.
Act (NFSA) was passed by the Indian (v) Production and supply of goods : The
parliament in 2013. production and supply of goods decline,
(ix) The NFSA covers 50% of urban households the price of goods increases, then the
in
and 75% of the rural households. purchasing power is affected.
(x) These households are known as priority (vi) Poverty and inequality : There exists a
s.
households identified based on a set of huge economic disparity in the Indian
criteria. economy. The proportion of income and
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(xi) Priority households of this country now assets owned by top 10% of Indian goes on
have the right to food supplied through increasing. Purchasing power affects every
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PDS. aspect of economics, from consumers
(xii) The Union government supplies rice at the buying goods to investors and stock prices
to a country’s economic prosperity. As
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rate of ` 3 per kg, wheat at the rate of ` 2
per kg, and millets at the rate of ` 1 per kg such, a country’s government institutes
under NFSA. policies and regulations to protect a
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(xiii) Tamil Nadu continues to have the

universal system of PDS and supplies rice economy healthy.
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at free of cost to all card holders. 5. Write briefly some of the important objectives
4. What are the factors affecting the purchasing of India’s agricultural policy.
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power and explain them. Ans. The following are some of the important
Ans. Factors affecting Purchasing Power :
objectives of India’s agricultural policy
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(i) Raising the productivity of inputs:

(i) Over population : The population growth
One of the important objectives of
rate in India is high as 1.7 per 1000. Large
India’s agricultural policy is to improve
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population leads to increasing demand,

the productivity of inputs so purchased
but supply was not equal to the demand.
like, HYV seeds, fertilisers, pesticides,
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So, the normal price level will be going

irrigation projects etc.
an higher. So it affect purchasing power,
(ii) Raising value-added per hectare :
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especially in rural population.

Agricultural policy is to increase per
(ii) Increasing prices of essential goods : hectare value-added rather than raising
☐ Even though there has been a constant physical output by raising the productivity
growth in the GDP and growth of agriculture in general and productivity
ECONOMICS
opportunities in the Indian economy, of small and marginal holding in

there have been steady increase in the particular.
prices of essential goods. (iii) Protecting the interests of poor farmers :
☐ The continuous rise in the prices erodes Agricultural policy is proposed to protect
the purchasing power and adversely affect the interests of poor and marginal farmers
the poor people. by abolishing intermediaries through land
☐ During 2015–16 an average rate of 2% reforms, expanding institutional credit
flood inflation, the prices of pulses rose by support to poor farmers etc.
about 40%.
167

(iv) Modernising agricultural sector : (ii) The districts in Tamil Nadu are classified
Here the policy support includes the into three categories, namely high-poverty
introduction of modern technology in districts (more than 40% of the population
agricultural operations and application living below poverty line), moderately
of improved agricultural inputs like HYV poor districts (30% to 40%) and low level
seeds, fertilizers etc. poverty districts (below 30%).
(v) Environmental degradation : (iii) After 1994, poverty has declined steadily
Agricultural policy of India has set in both rural and urban areas of Tamil
another objective to check environmental Nadu and the state has a smaller share of
degradation of natural base of Indian India’s poor relative to its population.
agriculture. (iv) Tamil Nadu leads in the poverty alleviation
(vi) Removing bureaucratic obstacles : programmes during 2014–2017.
in
The policy has set another objective to Government of India is implementing
remove bureaucratic obstacles on the many policies and programmes to
s.
farmers’ co-operative societies and self- eradicate poverty.
help institutions so that they can work (v) These policies and programmes, if
independently.
s
continued, will completely eradicate the
6. Discuss about the Multi-dimentional Poverty poverty in the state. In future, Tamil Nadu
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Index India and Tamil Nadu. can become a model of development in India.
Ans. Multi-dimensional Poverty Index 2018 report Top and Bottom MPI districts in Tamilnadu :
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prepared by the United Nations Development S. Top 5
Rank Bottom 5 Districts Rank
Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty No. Districts
and Human Development Initiative makes the 1. Kancheepuram 1 Dharmapuri. 32
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following observations about India. 2. Chennai 2 Perambalur 31

(i) India has reduced its poverty rate
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3. Cuddalore 3 Ramanathapuram 30
drastically from 55% to 28% in 10 years, 4. Coimbatore 4 Virudhunagar 29
with 271 million people moving out of
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5. Nagapattinam 5 Ariyalur 28
poverty between 2005-06 and 2015-16.
(ii) India still had 364 million poor people 7. Briefly explain the nutritional and health
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in 2015-16, the largest for any country, status of Tamil Nadu.

although it is down from 635 million in Ans. (i) Nutrition plays a crucial role in human
2005-06. health and well-being. At the national
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(iii) Of the 364 million people who were level, despite higher economic growth,
MPI poor in 2015-16, 156 million were improvements in human development
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children whereas in 2005-06 there were indicators like nutrition levels of the
292 million poor children in India. This population have been unacceptably slow.
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represents a 47% decrease or 136 million (ii) A large number of Indian children are
fewer children growing up in multi- stunted. A substantial number of Indian
dimensional poverty. children and women are underweight,
(iv) 80% of people belonging to ST were poor anaemic and suffer from micronutrient
in 2005-06 and 50% of them were still deficiencies.
ECONOMICS
poor in 2015-16. (iii) To address these concerns, the Central

(v) Bihar with more than half its population and state governments have been
in poverty was the poorest state in 2015- channellising substantial resources into
16. various health and nutrition schemes
and programmes like Integrated Child
Multi-dimensional Poverty Index 2018 Report Development Services (ICDS), mid-day
in Tamilnadu : meals, Reproductive and Child Health
(i) Over the last decades, Tamil Nadu has Programmes (RCH) and National Rural
made a significant progress in poverty Health Mission (NRHM).
reduction.
168
(iv) Tamil Nadu has played a pioneering role Centres and 4,940 Mini Anganwadi
in bringing about significant changes in Centres) in 434 Child Development
the health and nutrition status of children Blocks (385 rural, 47 urban and 2 tribal).
under six years of age, pregnant women, (viii) To ensure that services reach the intended
lactating mothers and adolescent girls. beneficiaries, the programme has been
(v) The performance of the ICDS scheme and universalised and convergence promoted
the Puratchi Thalaivar MGR Nutritious with allied departments dealing with
Meal Programme (PTMGRNMP) in health, education, drinking water,
Tamil Nadu are considered one of the best sanitation etc.
in the country. (ix) The PTMGRNMP is considered to be
(vi) The Government of Tamil Nadu’s policy the largest noon meal programme in
for “A Malnutrition Free Tamil Nadu” the country for combating malnutrition
in
guides the state’s long-term multi-sectoral among children, increasing primary
strategy for eliminating malnutrition. school enrolment and reducing dropout
s.
(vii) The goal is “reducing human malnutrition rates.
of all types to the levels of best performing (x) Other states in the country have modelled
countries”.In Tamil Nadu, ICDS is being
s
their noon meal programmes along the
implemented through 54,439 Child lines of Tamil Nadu’s pioneering efforts.
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Centres (comprising 49,499 Anganwadi
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dditional Questions & AnsWers
A
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I. Choose the correct answer 1 Mark 5. ______ is primarily a matter of purchasing power
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and is therefore closely linked with the capabilities

1. The Indian planners realized the need to
vi
and employment opportunities to earn.

attain _________ in food grains as one of the (a) Availability of food (b) Access to food
important goal of planning.
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(c) Absorption of food (d) None of these

(a) Self-satisfaction (b) Self sufficiency [Ans. (b) Access to food]
(c) Self-Motivation (d) None of these
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[Ans. (b) Self sufficiency] 6. __________ is the ability to biologically utilise

2. Human Development Report of the world the food consumed.
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prepared and released by (a) Absorption of food

(a) UNDP (b) UNEP (b) Availability of food
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(c) IBRD (d) ADB

(c) Access to food
[Ans. (a) UNDP]
(d) None of these
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3. Who launched the Tamil Nadu Nutrition

Alliance in Tamil Nadu? [Ans. (a) Absorption of food]
(a) Agaram Foundation and UNHRC 7. __________ programme was implemented in
(b) Abdul Kalam Foundation and ISRO select districts where irrigation was assured.
ECONOMICS
(c) M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation and

(a) FCI (b) PDS
UNICEF
(d) Adideivam Foundation and UNO (c) MSP (d) HYV
[Ans. (c) M.S. Swaminathan Research [Ans. (d) HYV]
Foundation and UNICEF] 8. Area under food grains was little more than
4. The Population growth rate in India is high as
_________ hectares during early 1950s.
________. (a) 75 million (b) 85 million
(a) 1.2 per 1000 (b) 1.6 per 1000 (c) 98 million (d) 100 million
(c) 1.7 per 1000 (d) 1.9 per 1000 [Ans. (c) 98 million]
[Ans. (c) 1.7 per 1000]
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9. The food situation has steadily improved overa 17. The Chief Minister’s comprehensive Health
a period of __________ years. Insurance Scheme was launched in ______.
(a) 25 (b) 30 (c) 50 (d) 65 (a) 2007-2008 (b) 2008-2009
[Ans. (d) 65] (c) 2009-2010 (d) 2011-2012
[Ans. (d) 2011-2012]
10. Minimum support price of the crops were
announced at the beginning of the sean and the 18. Which of the following crops are related to
state procured the harvested grains through Green Revolution?
the _____________. (a) Wheat, Rice (b) Cotton, Bajra
(a) Food Corporation of India (c) Rice, Maize (d) Wheat, Maize
(b) National Food Security Act [Ans. (a) Wheat, Rice]
(c) TNHSP (d) None of these
19. In which state ration shops are run by
[Ans. (a) Food Corporation of India]
co-operative in large extend?
in
11. The NFSA covers __________ of the rural (a) Tamil Nadu (b) Goa
households. (c) Assam (d) Karnataka
s.
(a) 25% (b) 50% (c) 75% (d) 100% [Ans. (a) Tamil Nadu]
[Ans. (c) 75%] 20. Buffer stock scheme purpose is _________.
s
(a) To save food grains from pest attack
12. _______ policy states that the government has
(b) To stop price fluctuations
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decided to remove export restrictions on most
(c) To transport the food
organic and processed agricultural products.
(d) To deliver the food
(a) Consumer Cooperative
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[Ans. (b) To stop price fluctuations]
(b) New agricultural policy
(c) Industrial revolution (d) None II. Fill in the blanks
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[Ans. (b) New agricultural policy]
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1. _______ and ________ in turn are related to

13. _________ is proposed to protect the interests one’s access to assets and education.
vi
of poor and marginal farmers. [Ans. Capabilities, Opportunities]

(a) Industrial policy (b) Green Revolution
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(c) Consumer Cooperative 2. Green Revolution was born in the country paving
(d) Agricultural policy way for self-sufficiency in _______ production.
[Ans. food grain]
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[Ans. (d) Agricultural policy]

14. ______ was launched by the united Nations 3. The NFSA covers _______ of urban household.
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Development Programme and the Oxford [Ans. 50%]

Poverty Human Development Initiative in 2010. 4. The Government of TamilNadu has declared the
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(a) Multi-dimensional Poverty Index ________ will be issued in lieu of existing family
(b) Human Resource Index cards. [Ans. SMART family cards]
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(c) Human Resource Management Programme

(d) Cooperative Societies 5. ________ scheme is playing an important role in
[Ans. (a) Multi-dimensional Poverty Index] food security in India.
15. Tamil Nadu leads in the Poverty alleviation [Ans. Consumer Cooperatives]
programmes during 6. _______ is the stock of food grains, namely wheat
ECONOMICS
(a) 2000-2003 (b) 2003-2007 and rice, procured by government through the
(c) 2007-2010 (d) 2014-2017 FCI.[Ans. Buffer stock]
[Ans. (d) 2014-2017]
7. Purchasing power is affected by __________ and
16. _________ plays a crucial role in human health __________ of wealth also.
and well-being. [Ans. poverty, unequal distribution]
(a) Health (b) Sanitation
(c) Security (d) Nutrition 8. _________ policy is formulated for all-round and
[Ans. (d) Nutrition] comprehensive development of the agricultural
sector.[Ans. Agricultural policy]
170
9. _______ with more than half its population in 4. (1) ICDS (a) National Rural
poverty was the poorest state in 2015-16. Health Mission
[Ans. Bihar]
(2) RCH (b) Emergency
10. Government of India is implementing many Ambulance Service
policies and programmes to eradicate _______. (3) NRHM (c) Meal Programme
[Ans. poverty]
(4) TNHSP (d) Reproductive
11. _______ has observed that in India, hunger is
and Child Health
not enough of a political priority.
Programmes
[Ans. Amartya Sen]
(5) PTMGRNMP (e) Integrated Child
12. ______ was rolled for widening the reach of Development
services in nine districts. [Ans. Mobile centre] Services
in
13. Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition Programme [Ans. 1 - e, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4- b, 5 - c]
was started in _________.[Ans. 1980]
IV. Assertion and Reason
s.
III. Match the following
1. Assertion (A) : The FCI Purchases wheat and
s
1. (1) The Multi (a) RAY rice from the farmers in states where there is
Dimensional index
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surplus production.
(2) Rajiv Awas Yojana (b) FWP Reason (R) : Purchasing power declines,
(3) National Food (c) 2016 price increases and vice versa.
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Security Scheme (a) A is correct, R is false
(4) Food for work (d) 2013 (b) Both A and R are correct statements
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programme
e

(5) Green Revolution (e) Self -
vi
(d) A is correct, R is the correct explanation of A

sufficiency
[Ans. (b) Both A and R are correct statements]
[Ans. 1 - c, 2 - a, 3 - d, 4- b, 5 - e]
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2. Assertion (A) : TamilNadu leads in the

2. (1) Ship to Mouth (a) 75%
poverty alleviation programmes during 2014-
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(2) Green Revolution (b) 27 October 2017.

(3) Rural households (c) Major crops
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Reason (R) : These policies and programmes,

(4) Urban households (d) PL 480
if continued, will completely eradicate the
(5) National Food (e) 50%
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poverty in the state.

Security Act
(a) A is correct, R is false
[Ans. 1 - d, 2 - c, 3 - a, 4- e, 5 - b]
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3. (1) Consumer (a) Value of a (c) A is correct but R is not a correct explanation
Cooperatives currency
(2) Buffer Stock (b) Largest
ECONOMICS
[Ans. (d) A is correct, R is the correct

economy
explanation of A]
(3) Purchasing power (c) 2018
(4) China (d) Wheat and V. Answer in short 2 Marks
rice
1. Write a note on Bio Metric SMART family
(5) New Agricultural (e) Three-tier cards.
policy structure
Ans. (i) The Government of Tamil Nadu has
[Ans. 1 - e, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4- b, 5 - c]
declared that SMART family cards will be
issued in lieu of existing family cards.
171

(ii) It has also been mentioned that the 6. What is the concept of food security?
Director of Census Operations under Ans. (i) The concept of food security has
the National Population Registry is continuously evolved over the last five
conducting bio-metric capturing of 10 decades or so.
(ii) Initially it referred to the overall food
fingerprints, two iris and face scan of
supply for a global, regional or national
citizens to issue Unique Identification
context.
Number.
(iii) From this idea of food security, which
(iii) After completion of this process of bio- means food supply/food production that
metric capturing, it has been proposed to addressed the overall adequacy, it became
adopt this data to issue bio-metric SMART clear that the term had to be relevant at
family cards. the community, household and individual
in
2. What is the role of consumer cooperatives in level.
food security? 7. What does HYV mean?
s.
Ans. (i) Consumer cooperatives play an important Ans. (i) HYV means High Yielding Variety. This
role in the supply of quality goods at basically refers to hybridge or cultivars
s
responsible rates to common people. which are purposefully developed for high
re
(ii) There is a three-tier structure of consumer yielding.
cooperative societies in India. There are
(ii) This motto of developing HYV Started in
many benefits to consumer cooperatives
xp
such as health care, insurance, housing the 1965 famine which also leads to green
etc.. revolution to feed the population of India.
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(iii) This scheme is playing an important role 8. Write a note on National Food Security Act in
e
in food security in India. For example out Tamil Nadu.

vi
of all fair price shops running in Tamil Ans. (i) On 1 November 2016, Tamil Nadu became
Nadu, around 94% are being run by
the last state in the country to implement
cooperatives.
al
the National Food Security Act after

3. What is purchasing power parity? holding out for three years.
.k
Ans. (i) PPP is an economic theory that estimates (ii) In a government order issued on 27
the amount that needs to be adjusted October, the state specified that while
to the price of an item, given exchange
w
it was enforcing the law, it would be

rates of the two countries, in order for
modifying its provisions.
the exchange to match each currency’s
w
purchasing power. 9. What are three tier structure of consumer

(ii) PPP can be used to compare countries cooperative societies in India?
w
income levels and other relevant economic Ans. (i) Primary consumer cooperative societies.
data concerning the cost of living, or (ii) Central consumer cooperative stores.
possible rates of inflation and deflation.
(iii) State level consumer federation.
4. What is the main feature of ration shops?
ECONOMICS
10. Write a short not on “Malnutrition Free State”

Ans. Ration shops sell items like foodgrains, sugar
and kerosene oil at a price lower than the market given by Amartya Sen.
price. Ans. (i) Amartya Sen, Noble Prize winning
Economist, has observed that in India,
5. Define food.
hunger is not enough of a political priority.
Ans. Food is defined as any substance that people eat
(ii) The public expenditure on health is very
and drink to maintain life and growth.
low and funds allocated to programmes
like child nutrition remain unspent.
172
(iii) It is only in States like Tamil Nadu that birth weight of new born babies in three
he sees a political will and commitment installments to those availing antenatal
to tackle these issues by setting goals like care, delivering and immunising the
achieving the status of a “Malnutrition babies born in government institutions.
Free State”. (ii) The Chief Minister’s Comprehensive
Health Insurance Scheme was launched in
11. What is consumer price index?
the state in 2011-12 with the aim to provide
Ans. A comprehensive measure used for estimation of Universal Healthcare to All by providing
price changes in a basket of goods and services free medical and surgical treatment in
representative of consumption expenditure in an Government and private hospitals to any
economy is called consumer price index. family whose annual income is less than
VI. Answer in detail 5 Marks ` 72,000 by meeting all expenses relating
in
to the hospitalisation of the beneficiary.
1. Explain the basic components of food and (iii) Tamil Nadu Health Systems Projects
nutrition security.
s.
(TNHSP) has launched ambulance
Ans. Basic components of food and nutrition services free of cost (The 108 Emergency
security : The term was broadened to include Ambulance Service).
s
the three basic components of food and nutrition (iv) The School Health Programme mainly
re
security. They are availability, access and emphasises on providing comprehensive
absorption: healthcare services to all students studying
(i) Availability of food is physical availability in Government and Government-aided
xp
of food stocks in desired quantities, which schools.
is a function of domestic production, (v) The National Leprosy Eradication
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changes in stocks and imports.
e
programme is being implemented in the

(ii) Access to food is primarily a matter state with the aim to detect and to provide
vi
of purchasing power and is therefore sustained regular treatment to all leprosy

closely linked with the capabilities and patients.
al
employment opportunities to earn.

Capabilities and opportunities in turn 3. What are the two components of food security
are related to one’s access to assets and system in India?
.k
education. Ans. The two components of food security system in

(iii) Absorption of food is the ability to India are :
w
biologically utilise the food consumed. (i) Buffer Stock : Buffer stock is the stock of
Several factors such as nutrition, foodgrains (Wheat and Rice) procured
w
knowledge and practices, safe and by the government through Food

hygienic environmental conditions allow Corporation of India (FCI). Buffer stock
w
for effective biological absorption of food is used to distribute foodgrains in the

and health status. deficit areas and among the poorer strata
of society at a price lower than the market
2. Explain the important ongoing schemes in
price. This stock is also used during any
TamilNadu.
ECONOMICS
natural calamity such as drought or

Ans. Important ongoing Schemes in Tamil Nadu :
earthquake.
(i) Under Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy Maternity
(ii) Public distribution system : The food
Benefit Scheme, financial assistance to
procured by the FCI is distributed through
the tune of ` 12,000 is being disbursed
government - regulated ration shops
to poor pregnant women with the aim
among the poorer section of the society.
of meeting expenses on nutritious diet,
This is called the Public Distribution
to compensate for loss of income during
System.
the delivery period and to avoid low
173

4. Explain the Multi-dimensional poverty index although it is down from 635 million in
2018 in India. 2005-06.
Ans. Multi-dimensional Poverty Index 2018 report (iii) Of the 364 million people who were
prepared by the United Nations Development
MPI poor in 2015-16, 156 million were
Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty
and Human Development Initiative makes the children whereas in 2005-06 there were
following observations about India. 292 million poor children in India. This
represents a 47% decrease or 136 million
fewer children growing up in multi-
dimensional poverty.
(iv) 80% of people belonging to ST were poor
in 2005-06 and 50% of them were still
in
poor in 2015-16.
s.
(v) Bihar with more than half its population in
poverty was the poorest state in 2015-16.
s
(vi) The four poorest states Bihar, Jharkhand,
re
Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh were
Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index - Ten Indicators
still home to 196 million MPI poor people,
(i) India has reduced its poverty rate which was over half of all the MPI poor
xp
drastically from 55% to 28% in 10 years, people in india.
with 271 million people moving out of (vii) Kerala, one of the least poor regions in
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poverty between 2005-06 and 2015-16.
e
2006, reduced its MPI by around 92%.

(ii) India still had 364 million poor people
vi
in 2015-16, the largest for any country,

al
.k

w
w
w
ECONOMICS
174
nit test
U
I. Choose the correct answer (4 × 1 = 4)

1. ______ is the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.
(a) Health (b) Nutrition
(c) Sanitation (d) Security
2. Tamil Nadu Health System Projects has launched _______ service at free of cost.
(a) 106 ambulance (b) 108 ambulance
in
(c) 107 ambulance (d) 105 ambulance
3. Human Development Report of the world prepared and released by
s.
(a) UNDP (b) UNEP
(c) IBRD (d) ADB
s
4. The NFSA covers ________ of the rural households.
re
(a) 25% (b) 50%
(c) 75% (d) 100%
xp
1. _____ foundation from USA introduced HYV in India.
www.kalviexpress.in
e
2. In the year ______ National Food Security Act was passed by the Indian Parliament.
3. Green Revolution was born in the country paving way for self-sufficiency in _______ production.
vi
4. _______ with more than half its population in poverty was the poorest state in 2015-2016.
al
III. Assertion and Reason (2 × 1 = 2)

.k
1. Assertion (A) : Purchasing power increases, price decreases and vice versa.
Reason (R) : The production of goods decline, the price of goods increases and then the purchasing
w
power is affected.
w

w

2. Assertion (A) : The FCI Purchases wheat and rice from the farmers in states where there is surplus
ECONOMICS
production.
Reason (R) : Purchasing power declines, price increases and vice versa.
(b) Both A and R are correct statements
175

IV. Match the following (4 × 1 = 4)
(1) Public (a) Major crops
Distribution
System
(2) Green Revolution (b) largest economy
(3) Kerala (c) subsidized rates
(4) China (d) least poor region
V. Answer the brief questions (3 × 2 = 6)
1. What are the effects of Green Revolution?
2. Write short note on multi-dimensional nature of poverty.
in
3. What is the main feature of ration shops?
VI. Write in detail answer (1 × 5 = 5)
s.
1. What are the factors affecting the purchasing power and explain them.
s
A nswers
I. 1. (b) Nutrition
re
xp
2. (b) 108 ambulance
3. (a) UNDP
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e
4. (c) 75%
II. 1. Ford 2. 2013
vi
food grain 4.
3. Bihar
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III. 1. (*) A is false, R is correct

(b)
2. Both A and R are correct statements
.k
IV. 1. 1 - c, 2 - a, 3 - d, 4- b
w
V. 1. Refer Sura’s Guide V - 5 (Textual)

Refer Sura’s Guide V - 9 (Textual)
2.
w

3.
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VI. 1. Refer Sura’s Guide VI - 4 (Textual)

ECONOMICS
176

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 Complete Answers to Textbook Questions.

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 Unit Test Questions with Answers for all Units.

 Sura's Model Question Paper 1 and 2 with Answers.

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Unit 4 India’s Foreign Policy 137 - 148

Govt. Model Question Paper with Answers 203 - 214

ªª Palayakkarar system and the revolts of Palayakkarars against the British

the three agents of Chanda Sahib?

aggrandizement? (c) Puli Thevar (d) Oomai thurai

(b) Puli Thevar 4. Where was Sivasubramanianar executed?

Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE Unit 6

(c) 10 July 1806 in the Kakatiya Kingdom.

Kovil battle, Marudhu Brothers assisted

western Palayakkarars supported Puli Thevar.

(iii) Gopala Nayak spearheaded the famous

 [Ans. Ramalinganar] (c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct

Ans. (i) The Nawab sent an additional contingent

(1) Theerthagiri - Vellore Revolt of sepoys to Mahfuzkhan and the

(4) Subedar Sheik - Vellore Fort

foot soldiers from the Carnatic.

(iv) Before Mahfuzkhan could station his

(3) Bannerman - Ramalinganar from Travancore joined the forces of Puli

Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE Unit 6

the taxes. Velunachiyar was trained in martial arts

let Mohammed Ali go by instructing him

Ans. (i) The suppression of the Palayakkarars

in the liquidation of all the local chieftains

(c) Name the Diwan of Tipu Sultan?

VII. Answer in detail Council about how he was ill-treated by

(ii) Bannerman moved his entire army to

the English and Kattabomman. convey a message asking Kattabomman to

Collector Jackson, an arrogant English Bannerman decided the strategy of the

in Ramanathapuram. But Kattbomman’s Execution of Kattabomman :

Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE Unit 6

Ans. Fall of Sivagangai : chieftains continued to deliberate on

refusing to wear the new turban. Yet the

of Tamilnadu. (i) On 10 July 1806, in the early hours, guns

Additional Questions & Answers

(b) Tiruchirappali and Arcot

(c) Ettayapuram and Kalakkadu collector ________ was appointed.

(c) Dutch (d) Spanish (c) Ettayapuram (d) Kallarpatti

6. Puli Thevar was defeated by _________ in

(a) Col. Bon Jour June 1800, soon spread to Ramanathapuram

Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE Unit 6

Tamilagam. (a) Velunachiyar

19. Find the odd one out

(c) Oomathurai (d) Sevathaiah

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Unit 4 India’s Foreign Policy 137 - 148

Govt. Model Question Paper with Answers 203 - 214

[Ans. Ramalinganar] (c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct

VII. Answer in detail Council about how he was ill-treated by

little kingdom.[Ans. Palayam]

Tiruchirappalli Proclamation. rule of _______of Warangal.

(iii) Tipu’s sons were ordered to be sent to Nayaka.[Ans. Ariyanathar]

www.kalviexpress.in 1. (i) Impressed by the courage of Velunachiyar

[Ans. Tiruchirappali Proclamation] of the Nawab and caused damage and

[Ans. Tirupathur] (a) (ii) and (iii) are correct

II. Fill in the blanks (3 × 1 = 3)

III. Match the following (4 × 1 = 4)

IV. Answer the questions briefly

V. Answer all the questions given under each caption (4 × 1 = 4)

VI. Write in detail answer (1 × 5 = 5)

[Ans. (d) none of the above]

(a) Energy security (b) Water security [Ans. True]

[Ans. (a) India]