5 PERSPECTIVE
YOU ARE A CHEATER AND THEREFORE
*BIOLOGICAL – ABOUT GENES
*BEHAVIORAL- BF SKINNERS (LEARNINGS)
(ACTION IN A CERTAIN ENVIRONMENT)
UNDER BF SKINNER
*CLASSICAL – CONDITION / ADAPT
*OPERANT – PUNISHMENT / REWARDS
* PSYCHODYNAMIC
*COGNITIVE
*HUMANISTIC – ABRAHAM MASLOW
( HIERARCHY OF NEEDS)
PSYCHOLOGICAL
1. SIGMUND FREUD (PSTCHOANALYSIS)
-FIVE STAGES OF LIFE
ID- ABOUT PLEASURE
EGO – REALITY / IDEALISTIC PROBLEM
(SELF AWARENESS)
SUPER EGO -MORAL
-SEX AND AGGRESSION
-OAPLG
-DEFENSE MECHANISM IS TO PROTECT EGO
FROOM ANXIETY.
2. ERIK ERICKSON (PSYCHOSOCIAL
STAGES)
-EVERY STAGE OF STRUGGLES
*DISPLACEMNT- YOUR ANGER WILL PASS
TO ANOTHER PERSON
*SUBLIMATION- HEALTHY DEFENSE
MECHANISM (ANGER WILL TURN
INTO POSITIVE WAY)
*PROJECTION – PROJECT NEGATIVE
ATTITUDE TO SOMEONE
EX.
YOU PROJECT/ PASS YOUR NEGATIVE
ATTITURE TO OTHER PEOPLE.
*INTROJECTION – POSITIVE INFLUENCE
*EXCUSES – USED WHITE LIES TO AVOID
HURTING SOMEONES FEELINGS.
3. KAREN HORNEY (ANALYTICAL SOCIAL)
-COMPETITIVE SOCIETY
-BASIC HOSTILITY
-BASIC ANXIETY
4. ALFRED ADLER (INDIVIDUAL
PSYCHOLOGY)
- STRIVING FOR SUCCESS
-PHYSICAL DEFICIENCIES
-FINAL GOAL
-STRIVING FOR SUPERIORITY/ SUCCESS
-NORMAL INCOMPLETAN
-EXAGGERATED
PSYCHOLOGICAL STAGE OF LIFE OR
PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE
SELF
1. INFANCY
- FREUD’S ORAL
- FIRST YEAR OF LIFE
- TIME TAKING IN THE FOOD ALSO
THE INFORMATION IT POSESSES.
- RECEIVING AND ACCEPTING
CRISIS: BASIC TRUST VS. BASIC
MISTRUST
STRENGTH: HOPE
PATHALOGY: WITHDRAWAL
2. EARLY CHILDHOOD
- FREUD’S ANAL
- MASTERING OF WALKING,
JUMPING, CLIMBING
- CLEANLINESS AND MOBILITY
AND STUBORN TENDENCIES.
 - TOILET TRAINING AND MUSCLE -ACCEPTANCE OF IDENTITY
CONTROLS. -SHARING SEXUAL SATISFACTION TO
PATNER,
CRISIS; AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND -SHARING LUST, SACRIFICE TO
DOUBT PARTNER.
STRENGTH: WILL CRISIS: INTAMACY VS ISOLATION
STRENGTH: LOVE (OVERCOME
PATHALOGY; COMPULSION DIFFERENCES)
3. PLAY AGE PATHALOGY: EXCUSITIVITY (BLOCK
- FRUED’S PHALLIC STAGE ABILITY TO LOVE)
- IMAGINATIONS AND COGNITIVE
7. ADULTHOOD 31-60
ABILITIES.
- MORETHAN GENITAL CONTACT
- CRISIS: INITIATIVE VS GUILT
TO PARTNER
- STRENGTH: PURPOSE
- PROCREATIVITY
- PATHALOGY: INHIBITION
- CARE OF OTHERS
4. SCHOOL AGE 12-13
-FREUD’S LATENCY STAGE. CRISIS: GENERATIVITY VS
- SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT STAGNATION
- SOCIAL WORLD, PEERS, FAMILY
-GUIDING EXT GENERATION; TO
-PERIOD OF INTENSE SOCIAL
ABSORB TO THEMSELVES
GROWTH
STRENGTH: CARE
CRISIS: INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY
PATHALOGY: REJECTIVITY (SELF-
- MAKE SSELF BUSY; INSUFFICIENT
CENTERED)
SKILLS TO ACCOMPLISH THE JOB.
8. OLD AGE 60-END
STRENGTH: COMPETENCE (USE TO
- CARING GRANDPARENTS
SOLVE PROBLEMS)
- DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY
PATHALOGY: INERTIA(ALWAYS
GIVE UP) (SPENT TIME IN CRISIS: INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR
UNPRODUCTIVE WAY) (DISGUST, DESPAIR)

5. ADOLESCENT STRENGTH: WISDOM

- FREUD’S GENITAL STAGE PATHALOGY: DISDAIN (FINISHED,
- CRUCIAL AMONG ALL; PERIOD OF CONFUSED, HELPLESSNESS)
TRIAL AND ERROR
PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE
- TRYOUT NEW ROLES.
SELF
CRISIS: IDENTITY VS. IDENTITY
PHILOSOPHY MEANS LOVE FOR WISDOM
CONFUSION
SOCRATES
STRENGTH: FIDELITY
“AN UNEXAMINED LIFE ID NOT WORTH
PATHALOGY: ROLE REPUDIATION
LIVING.” MEANS: SOUL IS TIED IN THE
(BLOCK ABILITY O PROCESS
BODY, IMPERFECT.
VARIOUS IMAGE, LACK OF SEL
TRUST) -WHO WE ARE, WHO WE SHOULD BE, WHO
WILL BE BECOME.
6. YOUNG ADULTHOOD 19-30
-THE ESSENCE OF THE SOUL AND BODY IS
THE IMMORTAL ENTITY.
-MAN MUST LIVE AN EXAMINED LIFE AND
A LIFE OF PURPOSE AND VALUES.
-SOUL SEARCHING: MEANINGFUL AND
HAPPIER LIFE.
SOCRATIC METHOD:
-CAREFULLY EXAMINES ONES THOUGHTS
AND EMOTION TO GAIN SELF KNOWLEDGE.
SOCRATES: DICHOTOMOUS REALM
a. PHYSICAL REALMS:
CHANGEABLE, TRANSIENT AND
IMPERFECT, E. BODY
b. IDEAL REALMS:
UNCHANGEABLE, ETERNAL,
IMMORTAL, E. BEAUTY, GOODNESS,
TRUTH.
PLATO
“THE SELF IS AN IMMORTAL SOUL”
MEANS: SELF KNOWLEDGE AND
PURIFICATION OF THE SOUL
PLATO: THREE TYPE OF SOUL/ SELF
a. REASON:
-ENABLE PEOPLE TO THHINK
DEEPLY, MAKE WISE CHOICES AND
ACHIEVE UNDERSTANDING OF
TRUTHS.
b. PHYSICAL APPETITE:
-BASIC BIOLOGICAL NEEDS. E.
HUNGER, THIRST AND SEXUAL
DESIRES.
c. SPIRT OR PASSION:
-PEOPLE’S BASIC EMOTION, E.
ANGER, HUNGER, FORGIVENESS,
LOVE.
ARISTOTLE
“THE SOUL IS THE ESSENCE OF THE
SELF”
MEANS: SOUL IS THE ESSENCE OF ALL
LIVING THINGS.
ARISTOTLE: 3 KINDS OF SOUL
A. VEGETATIVE SOUL:
PHYSICAL BODY THAT GROWS
B. SENTIENT SOUL
SENSUAL DESIRES, FEELINGS,
EMOTIONS.
C. RATIONAL SOUL
WHAT MAKE US HUMAN THAT
ALLOWS US TO KNOW AND
UNDERSTAND THINGS.
ST. AUGUSTINE
“THE SELF HAS AN IMMORTAL SOUL”
MEANS: BODY IS THE SPOUSE OF THE
SOUL
-BODY IS THE SPOUSE OF SOUL.
-SOUL IS THE IMPORTANT ELEMENT
OF MAN. THEREFORE IT GOVERNS
AND DEFINES MAN.
-HUMANKIND IS CREATED BY GOD
LIKENESS. THEREFORE, ALL MAN
ARE GOOD.
-SELF IS KNOWN ONLY BY KNOWING
GOD AND THE THRUTH OF HIS
EXISTENCE.
-IMPORTANCE OF PRAYERS AND
CONFESSIONS.
“I AM DOUBTING, THEREFORE I
AM”
RENE DESCRATES:
“I THINK THEREFORE I AM”
MEANS: THINKING ABOUT THE SELF,
SELF AWARENESS IS SELF.”
DESCARTES: COGITO ERGO SUM
-KEYSTONE OF DESCARTES CONCEPT
OF SELF.
-FATHER OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY
 -THINKING, DOUBTING, ANALYZING,
QUESTIONING, REASONS.
ESSENCE OF HUMAN SELF
DESCARTES: DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN
SELF
A. THINKING SELF (SOUL):
IMMORTAL AND CONSCIOUS BEING
B. PYSICAL BODY:
MORTAL, NONTHINKING ENTITY.
THEREFORE, SOUL AND BODY ARE
INDEPENDENT TO ONE ANOTHER.
JOHN LOCKE
: THE SELF IS CONSSCIOUSNESS”
MEANS: BLANK, SENSES, EXPERIENCE,
SELF
LOCKE: TABULA PARA
- INFANTS ARE BORN OR TABULA
RASA.
- USING SENSES, WE GAIN
EXPERIENCES THAT MAKES US
REALIZE OURSELVES.
- MEMORIES OF PREVIOUS
UNDERSTANDING ARE LEAD TO
UNDERSTAND SELF.
- USE POWER OF REASON TO GAIN
UNDESTANDING AND
KNOWLEDGE OF OUR
EXPERIENCES.
DAVIS HUME
“THERE IS NO SELF”
MEANS: PRODUCT ONLY OF OUR
PRECEPTIONS
HUME: SENSES EXPERIENCE
- WHAT PEOPLE EXPERIENCING IS
JUST A BUNDLE OF DIFFERENT
PERCEPTIONS.
- SELF IS JUST A PRODUCT OF OUR
IMAGINATIONS.
BASIC ENTITIES
A. IMPRESSIONS
-BASIC SENSATIONS OF PEOPLE’S
EXPERIENCE. E. PAIN, HUNGER, HATE
B. IDEAS
-THOUGHTS AND IMAGE FROM
IMPRESSIONS.
IMMANUEL KANT
“WE CONSTRUCT THE SELF’
MEANS: WE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR
OURSELVES
KANT: SELF IDEA
- SELF IS ACTIVELY ORGANIZING
AND SYNTHESIZING ALL OF OUR
THOUGHTS AND PERCEPTIONS.
- FILTER, ORGANIZE, RELATE
SENSATIONS INTO A UNIFIED
ONE.
- SELF IS THE PRODUCT OF
REASON.
SIGUND FREUD
“THE SELF IS MULTILAYERED”
FRUEDS: 3 LAYER OF SELF
A. CONSCIOUS (REALITY PRINCIPLE:
EGO)
-RATIONAL, PRACTICAL, AWARE TO
ENVIRONMENT.
B. UNCONSCIOUS (PLEASUURE
PRINCIPLE: ID)
-SEXUALITY, UNFULFILL WISHES
AND DREAMS, TRAUMATIC MEMORY
ENEMIES, CHILDHOOD FANTASIES.
C. PRECOSCIOU (IDEALISIC
PRINCIPLE: SUPEREGOO)
-NOT THREATENING THINGS.
GILBERT RYLE
: THE SELF IS THE WAY PEOPLE BEHAVE”
MEANS: I ACT THEREFORE I AM
RYLE: SELF IS A PATTERN OF BEHAVIOR
- PERSON BAHAVE IN CERTAIN
CIRCUMSTANCES.
 - SELF IS YOUR BODILY BEHAVIOR.
PAUL CHURCHLAND
“THE SELF IS THE BRAIN”
MEANS: INSEPERABLE SELF TO BODY
CHURCHLAND: SELF AF THE BRAIN
- SELF S ISEPERABLE TO THE BRAIN
- IF BRAIN IS GONE, THERE IS NO
SELF.
- PHYSICAL BRAIN GIVES PEOPLE
SENSE OF SELF.
MAURICE MERLOU PONTY
“THE SELF IS EMBODIED SUBJECTIVITY”
MEANS: KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE SELF
IS BASED ON THE PHENOMENA
II. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE
SELF
JIDDU KRISHNAMURTI
“UNDERSTANDING THE SELF ONLY ARISE
IN RELATIONSHIPS, IN WATCHING
YOURSELF TO PEOPLE, IDEAS AND THINGS;
TO TREES; EARTH AND THE WORLD WITHIN
YOU.”
SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
- BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION
THAT HUMAN BEHAVIOR IS
INFLUENCED BY GROUP LIFE.
- VIEW OF ONESELF IF FORMED
THROUGH INTERACTIONS WITH
OTHER PEOPLE, GROUPS OR
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS.
- STUDENT’S UNDERSTANDING OF
WHO THEY ARE AND WHAT THEY
ARE IN THE CONTEMPORARY
SOCIETY.
- SELF EMERGE WHEN INDIVIDUAL
PERTAKES ON THE SOCIETY.
CHARLES HORTON COOLEY
“LOOKING GLASS SELF”
MEANS: YOU ARE THE MIRROR OF
OTHER PEOPLE
HORTON’S LOOKING GLASS SELF
- PEOPLE WHOM THE PEOPLE
INTERACTS WILL BECOME A
MIRROR ON HOW SHE VIEW
HIMSELF.
- SELF IMAGE DEVELOPS ON HOW
A PERSON PRESENTS THE SELF TO
OTHER, HOW HE ANALYZES HOW
OTHERS PERCEIVED HIM AND
HOW SHE CREATES IMAGE OF
HIMSELF.
- SUBJECTIVE; WRONG
INTERPRETATION OF HOW
OTHERS EVALUATE HIM.
IF HE THINKS OTHERS JUDGED
HIM, LEADS TO NEGATIVE SELF
IMAGE.
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD
“THEORY OF THE SOCIAL SELF”
MEANS: THE I AND ME SELF
MEAD’S SOCIAL SELF THEORY: THE I
- IS THE SUBJECTIVE ELEMENTS
AND ACTIVE SIDE OF THE SELF. IT
REPRESENTSUNIQUE TRAITS OF
SELF.
MEAD’S SOCIAL SELF THEORY: THE ME
- OBJECTIVE ELEMENT THAT
REPRESENTS THE INTERNALIZED
ATTITUDE OF THE SELF AND THE
DEMANS OF OTHER PEOPLE AND
THEIR AWARENESS.
- FULL SELF WHEN I AND ME
UNITED.
MEAD’S OPINION:
HE STATED THAT SELF IS NOT PRESENT AT
BRITH. IT DEVELOPS ONLY WITH SOCIAL
EXPERIECES SUCH AS LANGUAGE,
GESTURES, AND OBJECTS THAT USED TO - WELCOMES ALL POSIBILITIES FOR
COMMUNICATE COMPLETELY. SELF IMPROVEMENT.
MEAD’S DEVELOPMENT OF SELF JEAN BAUDRILLAND
PROCESS
“THE POSTMODERN INDIVIDUALS
A. PREPARATION STAGE: (0-3) ACHIEVE SELF TRHOUGH PRESTIGE
- CHILDREN IMMITATE THE PEOPLE SYMBOLS THAT THEY CONSUME”
AROUND THEM SPECALLY
JEAN’S POSTMODERN SOCIETY
FAMILY MEMBERS. THEY COPY
BEHAVIOR WITHOUT THEIR - SELF IS A NEVER-ENDING SEARCH
INTENTIONS. FOR PRETIGE.
- THEY HAVE NO SENSE OF SELF. - SEEK POSITIONS IN SOCIETY
B. PLAY STAGE (3-5) THROUGH THE QUALITY OF
- COMMUNICATE TO OTHERS PRESTIGE SYMBOLS THAT THEY
THROUGH LANGUAGE AND CAN CONSUME.
SYMBOLS. THE SELF HERE
EMERGE AS CHILDREN PRETEND
TO TAKE THE ROLES OF SPECIFIC
PERSON.
- AT THIS STAGE, SELF IS
DEVELOPING.
C. GAME STAGE (8-9)
- CHILDREN UNDERSTAND THEIR
SOCIAL POSITION AND ALSO
OTHERS.
- VALUES THAT EVALUATE
OTHERS
- SOCIETY EXPEXTATIONS.
- SELF IS NOW PRESENT
GERRY LANUZA
‘SELF AS THE PRODUCT OF MODERN
SOCIETY”
MEANS: CHANGES DUE TO DEMANDS OF
SOCIETY
LANUZA’S THE CONSTITUTION OF SELF

- INTERACTION OF INDIVIDUAL
AND THE SOCIETY.
- THEY ATTAINMENT AND
STABILITY OF SELF IDENTITY ARE
FREELY CHOSEN.
- DEHUMANIZATION OF SELF
APPEAR WHICH HINDER THE FULL
DEVELOPMENT OF FULL
POTENTIALS.