What is Web Browser and how does it works?

A web browser is a software program that allows a user to

locate, access, and display web pages. In common usage, a web
browser is usually shortened to "browser." Browsers are used
primarily for displaying and accessing websites on the internet,
as well as other content created using languages such as Hypertext
Markup Language (HTML) and Extensible Markup Language (XML).
Browsers translate web pages and websites delivered using
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) into human-readable content.
They also have the ability to display other protocols and prefixes,
such as secure HTTP (HTTPS), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), email
handling (mailto:), and files (file:).
In addition, most browsers also support external plug-ins
required to display active content, such as in-page video, audio
and game content.
A variety of web browsers are available with different features,
and are designed to run on different operating systems. Common
browsers include Internet Explorer from Microsoft, Firefox from
Mozilla, Google Chrome, Safari from Apple, and Opera. All major
browsers have mobile versions that are lightweight versions for
accessing the web on mobile devices.
Web browsers date back to the late 1980s when an English
scientist, Tim Berners-Lee, first developed the ideas that led to
the World Wide Web (WWW). This consisted of a series of pages
created using the HTML language and joined or linked together with
pointers called hyperlinks. Following this was the need for a
program that could access and display the HTML pages correctly –
the browser.
In 1993, a new browser known as Mosaic was developed, which
soon gained widespread usage due to its graphical-interface
capability. Marc Andreesen, a member of the Mosaic development
team, left in 1994 to develop his own commercial browser based on
Mosaic. He called it Netscape Navigator, and it quickly captured
over 90 percent of the nascent browser market.
It soon faced stiff competition in 1995 from Microsoft's
Internet Explorer, which was freely bundled with Windows 95 (and
later versions of Windows). It was pointless to buy Navigator when
Internet Explorer was free, and as a result, Navigator (and
Netscape) were driven into the ground.
But while Mosaic and Netscape are no longer around, the age of the
browser was launched and continues to this day, as more and more
applications move to the web.
What is Hypertext Markup Language?
Hypertext markup language (HTML) is the major markup language used
to display Web pages on the Internet. In other words, Web pages
are composed of HTML, which is used to display text, images or
other resources through a Web browser.
All HTML is plain text, meaning it is not compiled and may be read
by humans. The file extension for an HTML file is .htm or .html.
New Web developers may mistake HTML for a programming language
when it is actually a markup language. HTML is used with other
technologies because all HTML really does is organize documents.
On the client side, JavaScript (JS) is used to provide
interactivity. On the server side, a Web development platform like
Ruby, PHP or ASP.NET is used.
When a Web developer builds an application, the work is performed
on the server, and raw HTML is sent out to the user. The line
between server-side development and client side development is
blurry with technologies like AJAX.
HTML was never designed for the Web that exists today, as it is
just a markup language with severe limitations, in terms of control
and design. Numerous technologies have been used to work around
this issue - the most significant being cascading style sheet
(CSS).
The long term solution is (or hopefully will be) HTML5, which is
the next generation of HTML and allows for more control and
interactivity. As with any development on the Web, the move to
standards is a slow and arduous process, and Web developers and
designers have to make due with current and supported technologies,
which means that basic HTML will continue to be used for some time.
What are the Basic Elements of HTML?
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the language of the web,
where elements dictate the formatting and style of your content.
HTML elements compose the downloaded coding that you see when you
go to a web page in your web browser (such as Internet Explorer,
Firefox, or Safari).

Here are some basic elements to get you started building a web
page.

Element Description

<a> An anchor is typically used to create links.

<body> Creates the body element for a page.

<br> Creates a line break.

<div> Creates a block to contain other HTML and text.

<doctype> Declares a document type for the HTML page.

<html> Creates the HTML element for a page.

<img> Creates a place for an image.

<span> Creates a space for an inline element within a page.

 Research
Project/Activity
In
ICT

Submitted by:

Glennford Medoza

Submitted to:

Mrs. Thelma A
ntolin