REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Smartphones are the most popular devices for online shopping. Smartphones are a class of
mobile phones and of multi-purpose mobile computing devices. They are distinguished from
feature phones by their stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems,
which facilitate wider software, internet (including web browsing[1] over mobile broadband),
and multimedia functionality (including music, video, cameras, and gaming), alongside core
phone functions such as voice calls and text messaging. Smartphones typically include various
sensors that can be leveraged by their software, such as a magnetometer, proximity sensors,
barometer, gyroscope and accelerometer, and support wireless communications protocols such as
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and satellite navigation.

Early smartphones were marketed primarily towards the enterprise market, attempting to bridge
the functionality of standalone personal digital assistant (PDA) devices with support for cellular
telephony, but were limited by their bulky form, short battery life, and the immaturity of wireless
data services; these issues were eventually resolved with advances in MOSFET (MOS
transistor), lithium-ion battery and mobile network technologies. In the 2000s, NTT DoCoMo's i-
mode platform, BlackBerry, Nokia's Symbian platform, and Windows Mobile began to gain
market traction, with models often featuring QWERTY keyboards or resistive touchscreen input,
and emphasizing access to push email and wireless internet. Since the unveiling of the iPhone in
2007, the majority of smartphones have featured thin, slate-like form factors, with large,
capacitive screens with support for multi-touch gestures rather than physical keyboards, and
offer the ability for users to download or purchase additional applications from a centralized
store, and use cloud storage and synchronization, virtual assistants, as well as mobile payment
services.

Improved hardware and faster wireless communication (due to standards such as LTE) have
bolstered the growth of the smartphone industry. In the third quarter of 2012, one billion
smartphones were in use worldwide.[2] Global smartphone sales surpassed the sales figures for
feature phones in early 2013.[3] Main article: IBM Simon

The first commercially available device that could be properly referred to as a "smartphone"
began as a prototype called "Angler" developed by Frank Canova in 1992 while at IBM and
demonstrated in November of that year at the COMDEX computer industry trade
show.[16][17][18] A refined version was marketed to consumers in 1994 by BellSouth under the
name Simon Personal Communicator. In addition to placing and receiving cellular calls, the
touchscreen-equipped Simon could send and receive faxes and emails. It included an address
book, calendar, appointment scheduler, calculator, world time clock, and notepad, as well as
other visionary mobile applications such as maps, stock reports and news.[19]

The IBM Simon was manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric, which integrated features from its
own wireless personal digital assistant (PDA) and cellular radio technologies.[20] It featured a
liquid-crystal display (LCD) and PC Card support.[21] The Simon was commercially
unsuccessful, particularly due to its bulky form factor and limited battery life,[22] using NiCad
batteries rather than the nickel–metal hydride batteries commonly used in mobile phones in the
1990's, or lithium-ion batteries used in modern smartphones.[23]

The term "smart phone" or "smartphone" was not coined until a year after the introduction of the
Simon, appearing in print as early as 1995, describing AT&T's PhoneWriter
Communicator.[24][non-primary source needed]

PDA/phone hybrids

Main article: Personal digital assistant