PHYSIOLOGY

NOTES!

2 TYPES NERVOUS SYSTEM

1. Central Nervous System

a. Consists of the brain and spinal cord

2. Peripheral Nervous System

a. Parts outside the CNS. All sense organ.

a1. Cranial Nerves - 12|Carry and impulses to and from the brain.

a2. Spinal Nerves - Carry and impulses to and from the spinal cord.

12 CRANIAL NERVES

1. OLFACTORY - smell

2. OPTIC - eyes

3. OCCULOMOTOR - eyeball moves

4. TORCHLEAR - inner ear

5. TRIGEMINAL - biggest among cranial nerves EEN

6. ABDUSCENS - taste

7. FACIAL - face motion

8. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR - inner ear for balance

9. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL - tounge and larynx parynx

10. VAGUS - longest

11. SPINAL ACCESSORY - helps to shrags shoulder

12. HYPOGLOSSAL - tounge

FUNCTION OF BRAIN

1. Sensory Area- Body sense. STIMULI.

2. Association Area - Sense and acquired action.

3. Motor Area For movement.

BRAIN

CEREBRUM - FRONT

CEREBELLUM - BACK|COORDINATION & BALANCE

HEMISPHERE - CENTER

"Corpus Callosum - Connects the 2 hemispheres"

FUNCTIONAL AREA OF THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHEREu

Area 2-1A - Sensation

Area 1&7 - Motor

Area 44 - Speech center

Area 18&19 - Visual association|able to interpret

Area 5&7 - Somatosensory

Area 6 - Premotor|Memory bank

Area 8 - Frontal eye field area|controls in the eye

Area 22 - Auditory association or wernickes|Interpret the speech, if it is noise or the meaning

Area 5&7&39-40 - Gnostic (gnosis - knowledge) Integrates sensory, but more on knowledge, dika bobo
inangat kamay mo sa gilid, without looking alam mo position.

IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY

1. Concentrate - Increases brain activity.

2. Minimize Interference - No noise, can concentrate.

3. Break down large amount of information into smaller topic - Try to review a topic and take a break in
between.

4. Rephrase material in your own words - Restate information that makes sense to you personally.

5. Test yourself - Create outlines or diagrams then practice and review it.

"REFLEX - Nahulog ng tulog eme eme"

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

CRANIAL NERVES - 12|Connected to brain

SPINAL NERVES - 31

5 BASIC ELEMENTS OF REFLEX ARC

1. Receptor

2. Sensory neuron

3. Integration center

4. Motor neuron

5. Effector

REFLEX ARC

Sense organ > Receptor > Afferent Neuron > Brain and Spinal Cord (Associate Neuron) > Effector Neuron
(Effector organs|Glands or Muscles)

PHYSIOLOGY

NOTES

MUSCLES

- Band or bundle of fibrous tissue in a human.

-206 bones 620 muscles

FUNCTIONS

1. MOVEMENT

2. STABILITY

3. PROTECTION

4. TEMPERATURE REGULATION
5. HELPS TO BLOOD CIRCULATION IN OUR BODY

3 TYPES OF MUSCLES

1. CARDIAC MUSCLES - heart

2. SKELETAL MUSCLE - attached to the bone

3. SMOOTH MUSCLE - controlled involuntary

"Adenosine thrysphospate - provide energy for the muscles"

5 MAJOR PROPERTIES OF MUSCLES

1. EXCITABILITY - Respond to stimulus

2. CONTRACTILITY - Shorten generate force

3. ELASTICITY - Recoil to original resting length after stretched

4. EXTENSIBILITY - Stretched back to its normal resting length and beyond to a limited degree

5. ADAPTABILITY - Change in response to how it is used

"HYPERTROPHY - A muscle can enlarge thriugh increased work"

5 TYPES OF MUSCLE MOVEMENT

1. ADDUCTION - Palapit

2. ABDUCTION - Palayo

3. FLEXION - Bending (Eg. Paharap ang kamay)

4. EXTENSION - Extend. (Eg. Palikod ang kamay)

5. ROTATION - Moving around

a. MEDIAL ROTATION - Sipang pambabae

b. LATERAL ROTATION - Sipang panlalake

SHAPES OF MUSCLES

TRIANGULAR - shoulder, neck

SPINDLE - arms, legs

FLAT - diaphragm, forehead

CIRCULAR - mouth, anus

"Deltoid Muscles - Shoulder, shape like delta"

BICEPS - 2 HEADS

TRICEPS - 3 HEADS

QUADRICEPS - 4 HEADS

"FEMORIS - Attached to the femor"

SHAPE OF MUSCLES

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID - Flexes and rotates head. Attached to sternum, clavicle,

TEMPORALIS - Elevate and retract mandible

TRAPEZIUS - Extend head, Adduct , Elevate or depress Scapula

SARTORIUS - Tailor's muscle, longest muscle. Flexes Thigh, & Rotates Thigh Laterally

LATISSIMUS DORSI - Extend, Adduct & Rotate Arm Medially. Broadest.

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS - Largest muscle. Extends & Rotates Thigh Laterally.

PECTORALIS MAJOR - Flexes, Adduct, & Rotate Arms Medially

BICEPS BRACHII - Flexes elbow joint

TRICEPS BRACHII - Extend elbow joint

RECTUS ABDOMINUS - Flexes abdomen

"DORSI MEANS BACK"