UPS

PENGANTAR ILMU KOMPUTER CS IUP

AISYA NADYA DAMARCHA

17/408283/PA/17636
 UPS

Almost everyone who has ever owned a computer has used uninterruptible power supply
in some shape or form. It’s an unglamorous but important device present in almost all offices, data
centers, and universities, and institutions. Portable UPS are used in on-site applications across
industries such as mining, military, industrial etc. It’s designed to maintain steady power supply
even if the supply from the utility lines surges or fluctuates. This protects all devices connected to
the UPS from unstable power supply.

An uninterruptible power supply, also uninterruptible power source, UPS or

battery/flywheel backup, is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when
the input power source or mains power fails. A UPS differs from an auxiliary or emergency power
system or standby generator in that it will provide near-instantaneous protection from input power
interruptions, by supplying energy stored in batteries, supercapacitors, or flywheels. The on-
battery runtime of most uninterruptible power sources is relatively short (only a few minutes) but
sufficient to start a standby power source or properly shut down the protected equipment.

A UPS is typically used to protect hardware, electrical equipment, where an unexpected

power disruption could cause injuries, fatalities, serious business disruption or data loss. UPS units
range in size from units designed to protect a single computer without a video monitor to large
units powering entire data centers or buildings. The world's largest UPS, the 46-megawatt Battery
Electric Storage System (BESS), in Fairbanks, Alaska, powers the entire city and nearby rural
communities during outages.

The first UPS was patented by a scientist named John Hanley, only it wasn’t called an
Uninterruptible Power Supply at the time. Hanley gave the device the lofty name of Apparatus for
Maintaining an Unfailing and Uninterrupted Supply of Electrical Energy. We think that’s an apt
definition of UPS but a rather cumbersome name, but the acronym would’ve been cheeky and
hilarious. Imagine calling a UPS an AMUUSEE-it would be rather amusing.

Modern UPSs are a far cry from the devices that existed back in the day. The very first
UPSs consisted of a flywheel that would provide short bursts of backup power. This rotary system
was inefficient and wouldn’t have been able to support modern servers and databanks. After all,
the rotary UPS only provided backup. It didn’t offer much surge protection.

The UPS depends on the battery. If you have a good battery installed in the UPS, you can
expect sufficient backup and surge protection. You need to maintain the battery well if you want
your UPS to last long and function well.
You should also keep an eye on the life of the battery. You should consider the environmental
conditions, the discharges, and the quality of the power. The battery’s life would be short if the
environment is too warm or too cold.

Systems are developing along the lines of achieving higher efficiency, less space
utilization, ease of installation, and user-friendly interfaces. Instead of being presented with a
multiplicity of switches and analogue meters, the operator sees a few push button and indicator
lamps. Measurements are displayed digitally, and run-up procedure is probably automatic.
Operation is becoming simpler, and the equipment is therefore becoming more reliable.

Now that sealed recombination lead-acid batteries are the normal choice, the opportunity
is frequently taken to install the UPS equipment in the computer room, rather than in distant plant
room. Some computers manufacturer are tending to incorporate the UPS equipment into their own
enclosures so that it becomes, in effect, a part of the Central Processing Unit (CPU).

Servicing and maintenance may be carried out by undertaking a diagnostic check using a
small built-in or portable microprocessor. In most cases of failure, the service technician merely
has to replace printed circuit boards.

There are two common systems in use today: standby UPS and continuous UPS. A standby
UPS runs the computer off of the normal utility power until it detects a problem. At that point, it
very quickly (in five milliseconds or less) turns on a power inverter and runs the computer off of
the UPS's battery. A power inverter simply turns the DC power delivered by the battery into 120-
volt, 60-Hertz AC power. In a continuous UPS, the computer is always running off of battery
power and the battery is continuously being recharged. You could fairly easily build a continuous
UPS yourself with a largish battery charger, a battery and a power inverter. The battery charger
continuously produces DC power, which the inverter continuously turns back into 120-volt AC
power. If the power fails, the battery provides power to the inverter. There is no switch-over time
in a continuous UPS. This setup provides a very stable source of power.

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