MUTIN – PH HISTORY NOTES MIDTERMS
GALLEON TRADE
SPANISH EXPEDITIONS
1. Loaysa (1525-1526)
2. Cabot (1526-1530)
3. Sayavedra (1527-1528)
4. Villalobos (1542-1543)
5. Legazpi (1565)
SPANISH COLONIZATION
- Before Legazpi controlled manila, Chinese arrived to
exchange gold, beeswax, forest prudocts for silks,
porcelain, and guns. (Arturo Giraldez, 2015)
- Brunei’s power extended east from the island of Borneo to
the sulu archipelago and north to Palawan and into Luzon.
(Patricio Abinales)
- [photo] Tagalog couple in 16th century
- [photo] Kadatuan in Visayas
- [photo] Pintados of the Visayas (tattoos)
LEGAZPI EXPEDITION
- Guam – Samar – Leyte – Bohol
- Battle of Bangkusay
 Rajah Sulayman led the attack against the
Spaniards with support from warriors from
Pampanga and Bulacan, then was defeated.
 The defeat of Manila allowed the Spaniards to
expand in Luzon uninterrupted.
 South of Manila – Taytay – Cainta – Zambales –
Pangasinan – Ilocos
1. Something hindi ko nakopya
2. Ville de Marille: De stad maritha, 1756
L’Histoire Generale des Voyages
3. Plano de Manila Y sus Arrabeles, 1898
SPANISH GOVERNMENT
PROCESS OF ACQUIRING AND CONSOLIDATING NEW TERRITORIES
- The sword and the cross
1. Decades of combined military and missionary
actions
2. Inducements offered to datu to accept the new
authority including gifts, medical treatment,
protection from soldier, and the rituals and
pageantry of catholic practices.
SPANISH INSTITUTIONS
1. TAXATION
 Buwis (tribute) – paid in cash or kind (tobacco,
chicken, gold, rice, blanket, cotton, etc.)
 Bandala – round stack of rice stacks to be
threshed, annual sale and requisitioning of goods
such as rice
 Cedulla Personal – proof in paper
 Census – counting of population
 Security pass from town to town
 You are tax payer because you have it
 Samboangan – to finance war in mindanao
2.
 Portuguese route – Manila to Acapulco to
Mexico all the way to spain
 Giraldes De Galleon (Ship)
 Merchant ships and worships at sanction
 Mostly built in Cavite, Philippines
 A galleon is = 2,000 trees made from PH
Hardwoods (Arguijo, Molave)
 High mortality (Sanitation issue)
 Feb. 27, 1767 Charles III expelled the Jesuits
 The San Carlos transport Jesuits from Ph
to Mexico and Spain.
 Horacio de la Costa quotes an anonymous
diary of one Jesuit, there was a large
amount of cargo and 400 passengers, as
result, 62 jesuits are confined to fit in a
room for 20 people. After few days, 25
soldiers joined them.
 Chinese migration in Manila
 Manila served as a magnet to many
Minnanese (Fujian) particularly traders
and merchants.
 Pre-Hispanic/Colonial Philippine Islands in
Chinese Records
 Sandao “Three Islands” – Calamian,
Palawan, and Bus’uanga
 Ma’I (Bai)
 Bisheye (Visayas)
 Minduilaneg (Maguindanao)
 Pulilu (Polillo Islands)
 Sulu
 Lusong
 Products – Pottery, lead, glass beads, cooking
pans, Iron, needles, silks, pearls, beeswax
 Occupations – shipowners, merchants, artisants,
fisherman, market gardeners, skilled laborers,
domestic servants and middleman.
 Settlements in Philippines
 Binondo – Dasmarinas gave the island for
residence of baptized Chinese of manila
 Parian – non-catholic Christians restricted
in Parian (market place) outside
Intramuros
 Sta. Cruz – absorbed Christian and non-
christian Chinese.
 Occupations in 19th century – Dyers, Barbers,
Wax chandler, Bakers, Confectioners, Butchers,
Masons, Shoe makers, Panciteros, Boat builders.
3. ENCOMIENDA – The crown granted a person a specified
number of natives for whom they take responsibility. The
receiver of the grant was to protect the natives from
warring tribes and to instruct them in Spanish language
and catholic faith; In return they could extract tribute from
the natives in the form of labor, gold, or other products.
 MINDANAO – China’s Ming Dynasty, Acc. To Abonales and
Amorsolo, was home to first sultanate and supra-barangay
state in the Ph archipelago. Sulu appeared in Chinese
records in 1349
 “Official chienese ships paid return visits to
recognize their vessels – Admiral Zend. His 7
expeditions from 1405-1443 included 1 or 2
visits to Sulu.”
 “Paduka Batara, Sulu ruler died in China, left
2 sons to be raised among Chinese
muslims.”
FORMATION OF THE SULTANATE OF SULU
1. Historical Territory of the Sultanate of Sulu
- No ruler until 1450
- Rajah Baginda (Minangkabau Prince in Sumatra)
- Sayyid Abu Bakr (Descent from Prophet Muhammad)
- They fled Sumatra after its defeat by non-Muslim Javanese
- Baginda arrived in Sulu with group of wealthy merchants,
married locally but lacking spiritual credentials to
become…
- Abu Bakr, with prestigious lineage, has necessary
statue. He allied with Baginda, marrying his daughter and
became Sharif ul-Hashim of Sulu.
- 
2. Sulu Sultanate System – System of government pattern
after Saudi Arabia or Turkey inspired by religious imam
1. Each sultanate was composed of groups of
villages under functions:
 Perform Legal Functions
 Appoint and regulate officials
 Control over territory
 Control over subject people
 Wage external warfare
 Tribute and legal fees
 Control over man
 Mediocre private warfare and feud.
2. Divisions:
 Aristocrats - Ruler
 Commoner – Ordinary People
 Slaves
3. How it began:
 Sulu archipelago towards 13th century
(1280 CE) through missionary effort of
a certain Trail Mashaikha
 In Mainland Mindanao, Islam was first
introduced into Maguindanao areas by
a certain Shariff Awliya from Johor
around 1450
 1515, Shariff Labungsuwan (from
Johor) with Arab descent, arrived in
Slangan
 They founded Maguindanao Sultanate
after marrying daughter of royal family
in the area
4. External trading on sultanate system
 Yes, Trading relationship exists in
South East Asia before western
colonizers
 Malacca, Johor, Palembag, Champa,
Siam (Thailand), Annam (Vietnam),
Batavia (Jakarta) were common trading
ports.
 Active traders: Chinese, Arabs, and
Indians
 Goods: Silk, gold, jewelries, garments,
fruits, slave rading and slave trading.
SULU SULTANATE
- Formally established in 1450 AD
- Peak, covered Sulu Archipelago, North borneo, Basilan,
Palawan, Samboangan and west Zamboanga del norte.
1. Tribal Subjects:
 Tausugs – Sulu
 Sama and Badjao – Tawi-tawi
 Jama Mapun – Cagayan de tawi-tawi and
Southern Palawan
 Yakan – Basilan
 Mulnog and palawani – Southern
Palawam
 Non-Moro Tribes
 Batak and Tagbanua –
Palawan
 Subanen – Zamboanga
MAGUINDANAO SULTANATE
- Establishes around 2nd decade of 16th century
- Spanned from Zamboanga to Davao, influence extends to
the Maranao territories, Bukidnon and Butuan in Northern
Mindanao.
- The capital was located in the present day Maguindanao
1. Tribal Subjects:
 Maguindanao
 Maranao
Iranon
 Sangil
 Kalagan
 Subanen – Zamboanga
 Teduray – Maguindanao
 (di ko na copy)
 T’boli
 B’laan
 Mansaka
 Manobo
 Higaunon
PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION
- Spanish 1578 military expedition in Mindanao
1. Moro acknowledgement of Spanish dominion.
2. Establish trade with Moro and explore & exploit
the natural resources of the land
3. End Moro piracy and raids against Spanish ships
and Christianized settlements
4. Convert the moro like other Philippine groups
- Ragalian Doctrine – when they see a place, it means they
own it.
- “Preaching of the doctrine of Mahoma since it is evil and
false, and that of the Christians alone is good…”
- Moro from “Moors” of North Africa
- “Raiders of the sulu sea”
- Fort Pilar, Zamboanga
- 1720 attack Maguindanao King Dalasi (Rajah) together
with Sulu Sultanate
- Slave rading: Balangingi, Iranons, Tausug, Samal
- Ship: Joanga,
MAJOR CONSIDERATION
- Revolution is a consequence of long process of Spanish
colonization
- Revolution gives birth to a new nation (and previously non-
existent), “The Philippine Republic”
- Revolution brings new social class previously
disenfranchised by old ruling government
ACCELERATORS OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
- Opening of the Philippines to global trading – Pantalan
opened in Manila, Cebu, Iloilo and Legaspi for exchange of
goods.
 - Rise of the new native middle class (clase media) –
products of university education who speaks up and have
luxury of life and to think right.
- Appointment of liberal governor general
- Racial discrimination – Spanish racists (peninsulares,
insulares, creoles, mestizo…)
- Regular-secular conflict – inside church discrimination
- La Algarada Cavitena (Cavite Mutiny)
ARTICULATORS OF NATIONALISM
- Jose rizal
- Marcelo H del pilar – dasalan at tocsohan (our father)
- Graciano Lopez Jaena – Fray Botod (botod: big abdomen or
fat belly) Baptismal name was “Ano” born on St. Ann’s day
he looked like a dead mosquito.
- Andres Bonifacio – The katipunan
REVOLTS IN HISPANIC PHILIPPINES
- Manila Map, 1734 – 1st and most important map of the
Philippines (World Digital Library)
- Basis:
1. Religious – reverted to previous faith, resisted
conversion, failure to be accommodated inside
the Church
2. Secular – excessive taxation, polo y servicio
personal (forced labor), enforced sale
3. Personal – failure to provide religious service
 Igorot Revolt (1601, 17th century) -
Governor-General Francisco de Tello de
Guzman sent an expedition to Cordillera
region for religious conversions with Padre
Esteban Marin. Igorots killed Marin.
 Silang Revolt (1762-1763) – During british
invasion of Manila, Diego Silang, declared
independence of Ilocandia and named it
“Free Ilocos” and proclaimed Vigan as
capital.
 Magalat Revolt (1596) – Magalat arrested
in manila for rebellion against Spanish and
returned to Cagayan. He urged the entire
country to revolt, together with his
brother.
 Almazan Revolt (January 1661) – by Don
Pedro Almazan connected to Malong
Revolt. He proclaimed himself “King of
Ilocos”
 Basi Revolt (1807) – Ilocanos love for basi
(sugarcane alcoholic beverage). Spanish
expropriated the sale of basi so Ilocanos
were forced to buy from government
stores.
 Itneg Revolt (1625-1627) – Religious
uprising led by Miguel Lanab and
Alababan who were baptized as catholics
against their will and killed 2 dominican
missionaries: father Alonzo Garcia and
Brother Onorfe.
 Caquenga’s Revolt (1607) – An animists
priestess named Caquenga rebelled
against the coming of the Catholic Church.
She gathered villagers went up the
mountain and prepared for war.
 Revolts against the tribute (1589) – In
Luzon, six tax collectors arrived in Vigan
were killed by the natives.
 Palaris Revolt (1762-1764) – Binalatongan
people protested abuses of governor.
People demanded to remove the governor
and stop collecting taxes, but governor
dismissed the demands. Revolts broke out
since then.
 Malong Revolt (1660-1661) – Andres
Malong assisted Spanish in governing
towns in Pangasinan and hoped to be the
king of the province, he set this plan aside
when a war broke out in Pampanga.
 Maniago/Pampanga Revolt (1660-1661) –
Pampanga was known for being wealthy
but at the same time bore the burden of
having more tribute, forced labor and rice
exploitation.
 Palmero Conspiracy (1828) -Two palmero
brothers along with Philippines military
and civil service planned to seize the
government.
 Zambal Revolt (1681-1683)
 Pule Revolt (1840-1841) – Spanish
government sent troops to break up the
order. De la cruz and his followers to rise
in armed revolt for self defense. Spaniards
won in battle and Apolinario de la cruz
was executed in Tayabas.
 Cavite Mutiny (1872) – Was an uprising of
military personnel of Fort San Felipe,
Soanish arsenal in Cavite, Philippines on
Jan. 20, 1872. Around 200 soldiers and
laborers rose up to a belief that it would
elevate to a national uprising. The mutiny
was unsuccessful and the government
executed many of the participants.
THE KATIPUNAN
- A secretive fraternal organization built around the rituals
of brotherhood
- Inspired by the urgency of creating an independent
government for filipinos
- Copied the basic framework of organization from Rizal’s La
Liga Filipina and took Masonic rituals as basis
RECRUITMENT RITUAL
“A neophyte dressed in black and accompanied by his
sponsor, was brought to a small room decorated with patriotic
posters, (1) in front of a cabinet draped in black. He was then seated
at a dimly-lit table, on which rested a bolo (2), a revolver (3), and a
set of questions which he must answer to the satisfaction of the
members assembled: What was the condition of the Philippines in
the early times? What is the condition today? What wil be the
condition in the future?”
ACTUAL TEXT
“Ako ay si ___ na nanunumpa sa ngalan ng Dios na aking
gugulin ang aking buhay, aking lakas…”
Theme: Fight for God, Family, and Nation
WHO WAS IN THE KATIPUNAN by Guillermo Magsangkay
- Draftsmen - Physician
- Master Tailor - Milk seller
- Railway baggage master - Municipal captain
- Playwright - Army corporal
- Student - Tobacco workers
- Warehouse employee - Government employees
RIZAL AND THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION
- After 4 years in exile, He was visited by top-ranking
Katipunan, Dr. Pio Valenzuela (June 1896)
- Gives advice on conduct of revolution.
1. Revolution requires sufficient arms
2. Sympathy of the rich
MATERIAL PREPARATIONS FOR REVOLUTION
- Manufacturing of bolo and pointed sticks
- Seeking help from a japanese admiral to deliver firearms to
Katipunan
- Stealing of rifles and pistols from Spanish arsenal
FIRST PHASE OF PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION (1896-1897)
- Discovery of Katipunan
- Cry of pugadlawin (quezon city)
1. Caught unprepared, Bonifacio and his men left
manila for pugad lawin (now a place in quezon
city)
2. In pugad lawin, heated debates ensued among K
members revolving around preparedness for the
revolution (aug. 23)
3. The debate ended with “The cry of pugad lawin”
– symbolic tearing of cedula
- Attacks and counterattacks: Manila, Cavite, Bulacan,
Nueva ecija
1. There were skirmishes the day after between K
member and Spanish forces
2. “Cry of Balintawak” both forces withdrawn
3. In the first major attack to a gunpowder failed
(Aug. 30) in san juan del monte, bulacan
4. Llanera rallied his forces in the nueva ecija (sept.
2-4) and attack Spanish targets.
- Revolution spreads
1. 1000 rebels attacked civil guards in the south of
manila
2. 400 rebels attack church of Pandacan
3. Similar actions occurred in pateros, Taguig,
kalookan, kawit, san Francisco de Malabon,
noveleta, san pedro Makati and other towns.
4. Bonifacio and his men captured san mateo,
Marikina and montalban
- Martyrdom at Bagumbayan – GomBurZa
- Bicolano martyrs – 3 secular priests, photographer…
- Execution of rizal
- Factional fights: Magdalo vs. Magdiwang
1. Factions came on December 1896 few months
after revolution broke out in manila
2. Magdalo – replacement of the K with a
government after series of victories by Magdalo
in cavite
3. Magdiwang – Maintance of the K because it has
constitution and by-laws
- Tejeros convention, Acta de Tejeros, Naik Military
agreement
1. Imus meeting to determine whether kkk should
be superseded with another org. dec. 31, 1896
2. Tejeros convention – Bonifacio conceded for a
new government
3. Acta de Tejeros – The reason for not accepting
the previous convention
4. Naik military agreement – A new government
separate from the tejeros
- Arrest and execution of Andres Bonifacio
1. Trial of Bonifacio- Bonifacio brothers arrested
2. Col. Bonzon surrounded the place and there was
an exchange of fire
3. Andres was stabbed in the larynx, Ciriaco was
killed, Procopio was wounded
4. April 29-may 4, 1897 trial
5. They are guilt of treason and sedition
6. May 8 recommendation for execution
7. The execution – May 10, 1897 major Lazaro
makapagal carried out the order of execution
8. Grave was shallow and few twigs were placed on
the grave.
- Revolution continues
1. Gov.-gen. Primo de rivera forced Aguinaldo to
retreat to Batangas
2. Surrounded by Spanish he went to morong rizal,
montalban, and finally biyak-na-bato in san
Miguel Bulacan
- Biyak na bato republic: Aguinaldo issued
1. Expulsion for the friars
2. Representation in the cortes
3. Freedom of the press
4. Equal treatment and pay of civil servants
5. Abolition of the power of gov. to banish citizens
6. Legal equality
- Truce of biyak-na-bato
1. Voluntary exile abroad
2. 800,000 as payment to the rebels in 3
installments:
 400,000 departure
 200,000 arms surrendered exceeded 700
 200,000 te deum was sung and
proclamation of amnesty
- November 1, 1897 – formal declaration of the republic
- Exile in Hongkong January to May 1898
1. Aguinaldo enjoyed 400,000 in honking which
came from the truce of biyak na bato
SECOND PHASE OF THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION (1898-1899)
- Explosion of maine
- Spanish-american war
- Battle of manila bay
- Aguinaldo returned to Luzon
- Declaration of Philippine independence
- Mock battle of manila
- Malolos republic
- Period of unceratainties between filipinos and American
troops
- San juan brindge incident
VISAYAS
• Aklan – Kalibo City
• Antique – San Jose City
• Biliran – Naval City
• Bohol – Tagbilaran City
• Capiz – Roxas City
• Cebu – Cebu City
• Eastern Samar – City of Borongan
• Guimaras – Jordan City
• Iloilo – Iloilo City
• Leyte – Tacloban City
• Negros Occidental – Bacolod City
• Negros Oriental – Dumaguete City
• Northern Samar – Catarman City
• Samar (Western Samar) – City of Catbalogan
• Siquijor – Siquijor City
• Southern Leyte – Maasin City