p.

29

UNIT 9 1

LET’S SPEAK ENGLISH!

¡ Habl emos I ngl és !

Las “units” 9 y 10 han sido hech as para per mitir a los

estudiant es po der empezar a habl ar en i nglés.

Estas dos “units” contienen un os pas ajes que el estu di ante

pued e memoriz ar y r esumir.

Se emplean pala b ras y exp resion es

el est udiant e ha que
aprendid o en las p r imeras 8 “units”. L as palabras nu evas son
pocas, y su tr aducci όn se encuentra en el marg en d er echo de la
página.

En l a “uni t 9” hay var i os ej empl os par a pr act i car el us o de l os

ver bos “t o s ay - t o t el l - t o as k”, que per mi t en habl ar us ando el
“es t i l o i ndi r ect o - di scur s o i ndi r ect o”.

Al final de estas dos “units” ha y algunos ejer cici o s de

traducciόn qu e contien en las regl as gramaticales y las
expr esion es más imp ortantes u sadas en l as “units” anteri ores.

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y.
 UNIT 9 2

Tom and M ar gar et

- W ho ar e T om and Mar g ar et ?
- W e alr eady k no w t hem . W e k now m any t hi ng s about ya los conocemos
t hem . W e k now t hat Mar g ar et is an Eng lish g ir l, and t hat she sabemos
is i n Sp ain f or a holida y wit h her f ianc é. W e k now t hat sh e
has blo nde h air an d blue e yes and t h at she l ik es ar t an d
classica l m usic. W e also k no w t hat she lik es old t h ing s and
t hat her f avour it e colour is g r een.
T om Hudson is a n Am er ican young m an who li ves i n Ne w que
Yor k . He has black hair and br o wn e yes. He and Mar g ar et
have d if f er ent t ast es. He lik es spor t s and f ast car s. He lik es gustos / veloces
t o pla y f oot ball and t ennis. He lik es m oder n m usic and j a zz.
His f avour it e colour is r ed.
I n each “ unit ” we le ar n ne w t hing s abou t t hem . I n “ unit 3” , cada / aprendemos
f or exam ple, we lea r n t hat T om lik es t o swim , but Mar g ar et
cannot swim ver y well. And so, whe n Tom is swim m ing , she así / cuando
pr ef er s t o sit on t he beach under a be a ch um br ella an d r ea d bajo
a m ag azine or speak wit h ot her people. otras
I n “ unit 4” we lear n t hat T om has a cou sin whose nam e i s cuyo
Mar y. Mar g ar et t hink s t hat Mar y is ug l y, but T om says t hat piensa que
she is al wa ys e xag g er at ing. Accor ding t o him , Mar y is on l y siempre
plai n. común
T om lik es t o r ead mag azines ab out spor t s and polit ics, but
Mar g ar et pr ef er s to r ead book s about ar t and m usic.
Accor ding t o her , polit ics and po lit icians ar e ver y bor ing . políticos
T om lik es t o dr ink wine and beer , but Mar g ar et dr ink s only
m iner al wat er and or ang e j uice. She l ik es t o eat a lot o f zumo
sweet t hing s. T om , on t he cont r ar y, li k es bit t er t hing s. He amargas
lik es bit t er beer a n d he lik es t o dr ink his c of f ee wit ho ut sin
sug ar .
(cont i núa)
C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y.
 UNIT 9 3

( cont i nuat i on) W ho ar e Tom and M argar et ?

Mar g ar et loves t o visit m useum s an d ar t g aller ies. Sh e

also lo ves t o g o sh opping , whi le T om t hink s t hat m useum s mientras
and ar t g aller ies ar e bor ing . And, he t hink s t he sam e about lo mismo
shopping , especia l l y when h e is wit h Ma r g ar et , because she
never st ops bu yi ng souven ir s and pr e sent s f or her f r iends nunca
and r elat i ves. P oor T om ! He m ust alwa ys pa y f or all t h e parientes / debe
t hing s t hat she buys . pagar

===
Not a

Des pués de “t o s t op - t o begi n - t o cont i nue”, el ver bo que

s i gue s e pone en ger undi o.

Ej empl os :

She never s t ops buyi ng. = El l a nunca par a de compr ar .

He begi ns w rit i ng. = Él empi ez a a es cr i bi r .
T hey cont i nue readi ng. = El l os cont i nuan a l eer .

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y.
 UNIT 9 4

A Conver sat i on on t he Beach

I t is a hot sum m er m or ning . T he sea and t he sk y ar e ver y

blue. T her e ar e m any p eopl e on t he be ach t oda y. Hundr ed s
of people. Fat her s and m ot her s wit h t heir ch ildr en . . . old
m en and wom en . . . boys and g ir ls. . .
Man y peop le ar e s w im m ing . Man y ar e l ying on t he beach t endi dos
in t he hot sun. Som e boys ar e pl a ying wit h a big , colour ed al gunos
ball.
T om and Mar g ar et com e t o t he beach.
“W e can swim f ir st and t hen we can l ie i n t he sun, ” sa ys ant es / di ce
T om. But Mar g ar et cannot swim ver y we ll, and so, she as í
pr ef er s t o sit on t he beach.
She sit s do wn unde r a big r ed and g r een beach um br el la. baj o
T he sun is ver y h ot , so she put s on a b i g g r een hat and her as í
black sung lasses. She beg ins r eading a m ag azine. empi ez a
T om swim s f or an h our . “ A long s wim is g ood f or m e,” he
says. “ I t k eeps m e f it . ” (M e mant i ene en f or ma.)
But poor Mar g ar et , sit t ing alone u nder t he big um br ella, is s ol a
alr ead y t ir ed of t he beach. T he m ag azine is ver y bor in g . ya cans ada
T her e ar e ar t icles onl y about spor t s and polit ics, and t her e
ar e ver y f ew p i ct ur es. Mar g ar et wo uld lik e so m e qui s i er a
conver sat i on.
She look s at t he sky. She look s at t he sea. She look s at
all t he peop le. . .
T hen a g ood- look ing young m an, wit h a ver y nice voice, guapo
com es near her and says: “ G ood m or ning ! Ar e you Eng lish?” cer ca

(c ont i núa)
C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y.
 UNIT 9 5

( cont i nuat i on) A Conver sat i on on t he Beach

T he young m an, wh ose nam e is Pab lo, can ha ve a l it t le cuyo

conver sat i on wit h Mar g ar et, because he is st udying Eng lish .
I n f act, he is a lr ea dy at “ unit 1 0” . So , he can sa y m an y de hecho
t hing s.
For exam ple, he says t o her t hat she is ver y nice and t hat
she is ver y pr et t y, t oo. He a lso t el ls h e r t o t ak e of f her hat de quitarse
because he l ik es h er blond e ha ir and would l ik e t o see it .
Mar g ar et sm iles s we et ly and t ak es of f her hat . sonríe
T he young m an says t hat he is Spanish and t hat his nam e
is Pab lo. She sa ys t hat she is Eng lish a nd t hat her nam e is
Mar g ar et .
T hey ha ve a nic e conver sat i on in E ng lish and h e of f er s ofrece
her som e chewing gum .
A f ew m inut es lat er he ask s Mar g ar et if she is m arr ied, más tarde / si
and she ans wer s t h at she is not . He al so t ells her t hat her
bat hing cost um e is ver y e leg ant , and t hat he lik es it ver y
m uch.
Mar g ar et sm iles s weet ly ag ain, and sa ys t hat she lik es de nuevo
Spain, it s peop le, it s ar t and it s m usic. She a lso sa ys t hat
Spanish m en ar e ve r y nice . . . and t hat Spanish wom en ar e
sweet and b eaut if ul. She sa ys t hat sh e l ik es t heir black hair
and t heir big black eyes.
W hen Mar g ar et says t hat , Pablo sm iles h appi l y. eso
“ O h, t hank you, ” he says. “ You ar e ver y k ind. ”

Mar g ar et of f er s Pablo a chocolat e.

“ No, t hank you, ” he says. “ I eat ver y f ew sweet s. ”
Mar g ar et eat s a chocolat e. She eat s t wo . . . f our .. . six . . .
eig ht . .. She loves c hocolat es.
(cont i núa)
C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y. .
 UNIT 9 6

( cont i nuat i on) A Conver sat i on on t he Beach

“ I wou ld lik e t o se e you ag ain, ” sa ys Pabl o. “ Can you me gus t ar í a

com e her e ag ain t om or r ow?”
But in t hat m om ent T om calls, in a loud vo ice: *** (vease abajo)
“ MARG ARET ! PUT O N YO UR HAT ! Th e hot sun i s ver y
bad f or you! ” And Mar g ar et answer s: “ Ver y we ll, dear . ”
“W ho is t hat m an?” ask s Pablo. pregunta

“ He is T om , m y f iancé, ” says Mar g ar et .

“W ell, t hen.. .g oodbye, ” says Pablo sad l y. tristemente
Poor Pablo!
He walk s f or a long t im e along t he cr owded beach, under a lo largo de
t he hot sun. .. unhappy, ang r y and. . . . alone! infelíz / solo
He r em em ber s her sweet voice sa ying , “ O h, no! I am not
m ar r ied. ”
No, she is not m ar r ied. But she is engaged!

===
*** Tom cal l s i n a l oud voi ce = To m l l ama en voz al t a

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y.
 UNIT 9 7

Cousi n M ar y

T om has only on e cousin. Som e people ha ve m an y

cousins … do ze ns of cousins … boy cous ins an d g ir l pr i mos
cousins. But T om has onl y one: his cous i n Mar y. So he lo ves pr i mas
her ver y m uch.
Poor Mar y isn ’t pr et t y. She is ug ly. B ut T om g et s ver y s e enf ada
ang r y whe n peopl e say t hat Mar y is ug ly.
W hen T om t hink s about his cousin, he r em em ber s a sweet
lit t le g ir l wit h long hair and wit h a pal e lit t le f ace, playin g pál i da / car a
wit h h im in t he g ar den and al wa ys g i ving him m any of her
sweet s and chocolat es.
Mar y was n ot on l y g ener ous, but obedi ent and lo vi ng . So, er a / gener os a
of cour se, when T om r em em ber s t hose days, he says t hat
Mar y is not pr et t y, but she is not ug ly eit her . She is on l y t ampoco
plai n.
***
T om is r eading “T he New Am er ica n” , his f avour it e
m ag azine. T her e ar e m any i nt er est ing ar t icles ab out po lit ic s
in it , and t her e ar e m any phot os, t oo . . . phot os of f oot ball,
phot os of car s, and m any co lour pict ur es of Shar on St one,
Dem i Moor e, Julia Rober t s, and many ot her beaut if ul ot r as
Hol l ywood st ar s.
Mar g ar et t hink s t hat t he “ Ne w Am er ic an” is a s il l y an d
bor ing m ag azine, because it speak s onl y about pol it ics an d
spor t s. And it is f ull of pict ur es of Hollyw ood st ar s, g ener ally l l ena
beaut if ul wom en.
So Mar g ar et says t o him , “W hy ar e you al wa ys r ead ing
t hat st upid m ag azi ne? If you want t o r ead som et hing al go
int er est ing I have lot s of g ood book s. ” muchos
“ No, t hank s, ” says T om. “ I pr ef er t o read t his m ag azine
because I consider it ver y ser ious and i nt er est ing . List en t o l a cons i der o
t his ar t icle f or exam ple. ”
And he beg ins r eadi ng t he ar t icle t o her . empi ez a a l eer

(cont i núa)
C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y.
 UNIT 9 8

( cont i nuat i on) Cousi n M ar y

T he ar t icle sa ys t hat t her e ar e lot s of pr et t y wom en in t h e

wor ld, but t her e ar e ver y f ew beaut if ul wom en. Beaut if ul
wom en ar e ver y r ar e.
“W hat is your idea of a beaut if ul wo m an, T om dear ?”
ask s Mar g ar et sweet l y.
“ Hm … wel l” , - sa ys T om . “ La G ioconda, f or inst ance is a por ej empl o
per f ect exam ple of classica l beaut y. A nd Dem i Moor e and bel l ez a
Julia Ro ber t s ar e two g ood exam ples of beaut if ul, m odern
wom en. ”
“ Yes, T om . G o on!” says Mar g ar et . !Cont i núa!
“W ell … you f or exam ple, ar e not beaut if ul, but you ar e
pr et t y, ver y pr et t y! ”
Mar g ar et is sad, and she is a lit t le ang r y, t oo, of cour se. nat ur al ment e
“ And what about yo ur cousin Mar y?” s he sa ys. “ I s sh e que me dices de …
also pr et t y?”
Poor T om ! W hat can he ans wer ? He ca nnot sa y t hat sh e
is ug ly. And he cann ot say t hat she is pret t y eit her . t ampoco
“W ell, no. Mar y is n ot pr et t y, ” he says.
No, she is not . She is ug ly. Ver y ug ly! ” says Mar g ar et .
Hear ing t hese cr ue l wor ds, T om g et s ver y ang r y a nd cr uel es pal abr as
says, “ You ar e a l ways e xag g er at ing, and I t hink t hat you
ar e ver y unk ind, t oo . T his ar t icle is r ig h t ! I t says t hat m ost
wom en ar e vain an d sill y. ” *** (vease abajo)
Mar g ar et under st ands t hat T om is r ig ht . And says i n a
ver y t im id voice, “ I am sor r y, dear . For g ive m e! ” t í mi da
=====

*** m ost wom en = l a mayor ía de l as muj er es

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y.
 UNIT 9 9

Di nner at an El egant Restaur ant

I t is a b eaut if ul su m m er eveni ng . T om and Mar g ar et ar e

walk ing along “ La Ram bla de las Flor es ” , a beaut if ul st r eet a l o l ar go de
near t he har bour of Bar celona. cer ca del
T her e ar e lot s of people in t he st r eet . Som e of t hem ar e
sit t ing out side t he c af és, t alk ing and dr ink ing cof f ee, t ea or
beer . T her e ar e m any peop le look ing at the shop windo ws.
T hr ee young m en ar e pla ying t he g uit ar , and t wo pr et t y
young wom en we ar i ng f lam enco dr esses ar e dancing and l l evando
sing ing . Man y p eopl e ar e look ing at t hem and ar e list en ing
t o t heir lo ve l y m usi c. W hen t hey st op p la ying and d ancing , de t ocar
ever yone g i ves t he m som e m oney. T om g ives t hem f ive cada uno
doll ar s, so t he yo un g m en sm ile sweet l y an d sa y, “ Muchas
gr acias, señor ! ”
I t is now eig ht o’clo ck . T om and Mar g aret ar e beg inning s on l as ocho ...
t o f eel hung r y. T om sees a big r est aurant and says, “W e ...empez ando
can eat her e, dear .”
T he inside of t he rest aur ant is ver y e l eg ant . T her e ar e
beaut if ul f lower s on al l t he t ables, and t her e is a ir -
condit ion ing , t oo. A young m an is pla yi ng t he piano and a
young wom an is sin g ing . Her voice is ve r y m elodi ous. mel odi os a
T her e ar e m any peo ple in t he r est aur ant … g ood- look ing
m en and pr et t y wo m en wear ing eleg ant evening dr esses.
T her e ar e ver y f ew f r ee t ables. l i br es
T om and Mar g ar et sit at one of t he t ables and af t er a f e w des pués de
m inut es, a sm iling wait er br ing s t hem t he m enu.

(continúa)

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y.
 UNIT 9 10

( cont i nuat i on) Di nner at an El egant Rest aur ant

T om is hung r y, as a l wa ys, so he t el ls t h e wait er t o br ing como s i empr e

him pael la, a big st eak wit h f r ied pot at oes, bananas and
or ang es. He also t ells t he wait er t o br ing him a bott le of r ed
wine.
Mar g ar et or der s soup, f ish and chocolat e cak es, but she or dena
want s t o dr ink only m iner al wat er .
“ You dr ink t oo m uch wine, T om ,” she says.
“ And you eat t oo m any cak es, ” says T om.
“ But t oo m uch wine i s ver y bad f or you, ” she cont inues. cont i núa
“ And t oo m any cak es ar e bad f or you, ” says T om .
So, what can Mar g ar et answer ?

***
T he dinner is r ea ll y ver y g ood. T he wine is del ici ous an d r eal ment e
t he cak es ar e delici ous, t oo.
Mar g ar et lik es t he rest aur ant ver y m uch because it is so
eleg ant , and also because she c an hear som e of her oí r
f avour it e m usic.
“ I lik e t o list en t o music when I eat , ” she says. cuando
“ Yes, dear . You ar e r ig ht ,” says T om . “Music is so g ood
f or t he dig est ion. ”
“ You ar e vulg ar , T om ! ” says Mar g ar et .
***
T he wait er br ing s t he bil l.
“ Keep t he chang e, ” says T om .
T he wait er is happ y. I t is a ver y g ood t ip. pr opi na

(conti núa)

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y.
 UNIT 9 11

( cont i nuat i on) Di nner at an El egant Rest aur ant

“ T hank you, sir , ” he says. “ T hank you ve r y m uch. ”

T om and Mar g ar et st and up. s e l evant an
“ I want t o wash m y hands, ” says Mar g ar et . So, T om sit s
do wn ag ain and sh e g oes t o t he t o ile t and washes her de nuevo
hands. W hen she r et ur ns, she sa ys, “ Com e on, T om . W e vuel ve
can g o now. ”
W hen t hey ar e in t h e st r eet , Mar g ar et says, “ A ver y n ice
place. W e can com e her e ag ain t om or r ow e ven ing . ”
“ Of cour se, dear , ” says T om . “T he f ood is r eall y nat ur al ment e
delic ious. T he wine i s g ood q ualit y, and i t is not expensi ve. ” cal i dad / car o

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y.
UNIT 9 12

to know = conocer , s aber

> W e alr eady k now T om and Mar g ar et .

Nosotros ya conocemos Tom y Margaret.

> W e k now t hat T om is Am er ican and t hat Mar g ar et is Eng lish.

Nosotros sabemos que Tom es americano y que Margaret es inglesa..

< < < < < §> > >> >

1. Who …? ¿Qui én… ?

W ho is t hat pr ett y g ir l sit t ing in t he car ?

2. w ho = que

> T om is an Am er ican young m an who li ve s in Ne w Yor k .

o
> T om is an Am er ican young m an t hat live s in Ne w Yor k .

3. w hose = cuyo

> T om has a cousin whose nam e is Mar y.

T he young m an, who se nam e is Pablo, can speak a lit t le English.
< < < < < §> > >> >
w ith = con

w ithout = sin

> Som e people l ik e cof f ee wit h a lot of sugar .

O t her people lik e t heir cof f ee wit hout su g ar .
< < < < < §> > >> >

w hile = mi ent r as

> Mar g ar et loves shop ping , whi le T om t hink s t hat shopping is

bor ing .
W hile T om swim s, Mar g ar et sit s under a beach um br ella and r eads
a m ag azine.

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y.
 UNIT 9 13

l yi ng = t endi do, - a - os - as

> Man y peop le ar e l yi ng on t he beach in t he hot sun.

sit t i ng = s ent ado, - a - os - as

> Mar g ar et is sit t ing under a beach um br ella.

< < < < < §> > >> >
I w oul d l i ke … = qui s i er a …

> Mar g ar et would l ik e t o have som e pleasa nt conver sat ion.

Pablo sa ys t o Mar g ar et t hat he wou ld lik e t o see her ag ain.
< < < < < §> > >> >
boy co usi n = pr i mo

gi rl cousi n = pr i ma

Cuando en es pañol s e di ce “m i prim o”, s e ent i ende que s e tr at a de un

var όn.
Cuando en i ngl és s e di ce “my cous i n”, puede t r at ar s e t ant o de un var όn
como de una hem br a.
Por l o t ant o, del ante de “cous i n” s e pone “boy” o “gi r l ”.
< < < < < §> > >> >
to get

Cuando a “to get” le sigue un adjetivo, significa “volverse”.

t o get angr y = enf adar s e (l i t . volver s e enf adado)

t o get ti r ed = cans ar s e
t o get f at = engor dar
t o get bor ed … = abur r i r s e

> W hen people say t hat Mar y is ug ly, T om g et s angr y.

If you wor k t oo m uch, you g et t ir ed.
If you eat t oo m any sweet s, you g et f at.

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y.
UNIT 9 14

Not … either = t ampoco

> Mar y is not pr et t y, but she is not ug ly eit her .

Mar g ar et cannot play t ennis, and she ca nnot pla y f oot ball eit her .

< < < < < §> > >> >

What about…? = ¿Qué t e par ece de… ?

¿Qué me di ces de… ?
¿Qué l e pas a a… ? et c.

> W hat about a nice holid a y in Dis ne yla nd ?

¿Q ué t e par ece de una agr adabl e vacaci όn en Di s neyl and?

> W hat about your g ir lf r iend? I s she wel l n o w?

¿Q ué m e dices de t u novi a? ¿Es t á bi en ahor a?

> W hat about your f riend Marta? W hy isn’t she com ing to univer sit y?
¿Q ué l e pas a a t u ami ga M ar t a? ¿Por qué no vi ene a l a uni ver s i dad?

< < < < < §> > >> >

most = l a mayor í a de

> T he ar t icle says t hat m ost wom en ar e vai n.

Most childr en lik e sweet s and chocolat e s.

Most people spen d t heir eve ning s wat chi ng T V.

< < < < < §> > >> >

along = a l o l ar go de

> T om and Mar g ar et ar e wa lk ing along “ La Ram bla de las Flor es” .

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y.
 UNIT 9 15

verbs

Los s i gui ent es ver bos t i enen una cons tr ucciόn di f er ent e del es poñol :
1.
to look at = mi r ar ( l i t . m i r a r a )

Look at m e! - Look at him ! … =¡ M i r ame! - ¡ M i r al e!

- W hat is Mar g ar et look ing at ?

- She is look ing at a g r oup of childr en pla yi ng happil y wit h a
ball.
No w she is look ing at t he blue sk y, at t he sea and at al l t he
people on t he beach .
***
Pablo l ik es Mar g ar et ver y m uch. He lik es t o look at her
sweet blue e yes and at her beaut if ul blonde hair .

Not a “To l ook” es s egui do de “at ” cuando s e nombr a l a per s ona o

l a cos a que s e mi r a.
Look! - Lo ok at t he m oon!

< < < < < §> > >> >

2.
To l i st en t o… = es cuchar ( l i t . e s c u c h a r a )

List en t o m e! - List en t o him ! … = ¡ Es cuchame! - ¡ Es cuchal e!

Mar g ar et is sing ing a r om ant ic song f or T om. But he is not list ening t o
her .
He onl y l ik es t o list en t o r ock and r oll. He says t hat whe n he list ens t o
r om ant ic song s he falls as leep.
===
he f al l s asl eep = s e duer me ( l i t . c a e d o r m i d o )

Not a “To l i s t en” es s eguido de “t o” cuando s e nombr a l a per s ona o

l a cos a che s e es cucha.
Li s t en! - Li s t en t o the m usi c!

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y.
 UNIT 9 16

3.
t o ask = pr egunt ar ; pedi r

> T om ask s ( p r e g u n t a ) a policem an, “W here is t he public g ar den?”

> T om ask s ( p i d e ) t he wa it er t o br ing him a beer .

En es pañol s e di ce: Tom pr egunt a a un pol i cí a …- Tom pi de al camar er o...

En i ngl és s e di ce: T om ask s a policem an … -

T om ask s at a policem an… T om ask s at t he wai t er . .. ¡ Er r or !

< < < < < §> > >> >

4.

To gi ve ( t o) = dar (a)

> T om g ives Mar g ar et a cak e.

Mar g ar et g ives T om a k iss.

T om g ives a cake t o Mar g ar et .

Mar g ar et g ives a k i ss t o T om .

Not a
Cuando s e pone el obj et o ant es , “cake, ki s s ”, l a pers ona a qui en s e da
al go es pr ecedi da de “t o”.

Gi ve her a ki s s ! - Gi ve a ki s s t o her !

< < < < < §> > >> >

5.
To br i ng ( t o) = t r aer (a)

> T he wait er br ing s Mar g ar et som e cak es.

T he wait er br ing s som e cak es t o Mar g ar et .

Not a “To br i ng” s e cons t ruye como “t o gi ve”.

Br i ng him a beer ! - Br i ng a beer t o him !

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y.
UNIT 9 17

6.

to offer (to) = of r ecer (a)

> Mar g ar et of f er s Pablo a chocolat e.

Mar g ar et of f er s a chocolat e t o Pablo.

Not a “To of f er ” s e cons t ruye como “t o gi ve” y “t o br i ng”.

Of f er him a beer ! - Of f er a beer t o him !

< < < < < §> > >> >

7.

to sa y (to) = deci r (a)

> Mar g ar et says, “ I am t ir ed. ”

Mar g ar et says t o Tom t hat she is t ir ed.

She says t o him , “ I am hungr y. ”

She says t o him t hat she is hung r y.

Not a “To s ay” s e cons t r uye como “t o gi ve”, “t o br i ng” y “t o of f er ”.

1 >
Look! - Lo ok at t he m oon!

Li s t en! - Li s t en t o the m usi c!

2 >
Gi ve her a ki s s !. - G i ve a ki s s t o her !

Br i ng him a beer ! - Br i ng a beer t o him !

Of f er him a beer ! - Of f er a beer t o him !

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y.
 UNIT 9 18

direct speech = es t i l o dir ect o (lit. discurso directo)

indirect speech = es t i l o i ndi r ect o ( l i t . d i s c u r s o i n d i r e c t o )

to sa y - to tell = deci r

En el es t i l o i ndi r ect o, cuando s e expr es a el compl ement o, en l ugar de “t o

s ay” s e pr ef i er e us ar “t o t el l ”, si n “t o”.

> He says t o Mar g ar et t hat he is hung r y.

He says t o her t hat he is hung r y.
o
> He t ells Mar g ar et that he is hung r y.
He t ells her t hat he is hung r y.

< < < < < §> > >> >

T om

- I n t he m or ning , I lik e t o g o t o t he be ach and s wim in t h e

blue sea.
I n t he af t er noon I lik e t o sit in t he loung e of t he hot el and
r ead a m ag azine.
If I am t ir ed I lik e t o have a l it t le nap. ( s i es t a)
If I am hung r y I lik e t o have a sand wich.
W hen I am t hir st y I lik e t o dr ink a cold beer .

indirect speech

T om says t hat in t he m or ning he lik es t o g o t o t he beach and

swim in t he blue sea .
He says t hat in t he af t er noon he lik es to sit in t he loung e of
t he hot el and r ead a m ag azine.
He also sa ys t hat if he is t ir ed he lik es to have a l it t le nap.
If he is hungr y he lik es t o have a sand wi ch.
And when he is t hir s t y he lik es t o dr ink a cold beer .

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e m i c u s e o n l y.
 UNIT 9 19

direct speech

I n a Rest aurant

Tom - W ait er , br ing us t he m enu, please.

* **
M arg. - I want f ish, a t om at o salad and m iner al wat er .
Tom I want a st eak wit h f r ied pot at oes and r ed wine.
- * **
M arg. T om, pass m e t he oil please. ( oil = acei te)
Tom - Mar g ar et , t his st eak is del icious. I s your f ish g ood, t oo?
M arg. - Yes, it is ver y g ood.

indirect speech

I n a Rest aurant

T om and Mar g ar et ar e in a r est aur ant .

T om says t o t he wait er ( t ells t he wait er ) t o br ing t hem
t he m enu.
***
Mar g ar et says t hat she want s f ish, a t om at o salad a nd
m iner al wat er .
T om says t hat he want s a st eak wit h f r ied pot at oes and r ed
wine.
***
Mar g ar et says t o T om (t ells T om ) t o pass her t he oil.
T om says t o Mar g ar et ( t ells Mar g ar et ) t hat t he st eak is
delic ious. And he as k s her if her f ish is g ood, t oo.
Mar g ar et answer s t hat it is ver y g ood.

Not a

En lugar de los nombres: Mar g ar et says t o Tom ( t ells T om )

T om says t o Mar g ar et (t ells Mar g ar et )

Usa los pronombres: She says t o him ( tells h im )

He says t o her (t ells her )

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e mi c u s e o n l y .
 UNIT 9 20

pronombres
complementos

me you hi m her it us you t hem

Regl a

En i ngl és l os pr onombr es compl ement os s e ponen des pués del ver bo.

• G ive m e a g lass of wat er , please.

Br ing her a cup of t ea, please.
T ell him t o com e here.

Se ponen t ambi én det rás de l as pr epos i ci ones .

• T he hot sun is bad f or m e.

Can I com e wit h you ?
Look at her! I sn’t she pr et t y?
She says t o him , “ You ar e ver y k ind. ”
T he m oon is shining over us.

< < < < < §> > >> >

En i ngl és l os pr onombr es compl ement os s e ponen det r ás del ver bo.

En es pañol s e ponen ant es del ver bo.

He g ives m e a book . Él m e da un l i br o.
T he wait er br ing s him t he bill. El camar er o l e t r ae l a cuent a.
He k isses her . Él l a bes a.

Al i mper at ivo, t ant o en es pañol como en i ngl és , l os pr onombr es compl ement os

s e ponen det r ás del ver bo.

Pass m e t he wine, p lease! ¡ Pásam e el vino, por favor!

Br ing m e a cof f ee, please! ¡ Tr ái gam e una café, por f avor !
Foll o w hi m ! ¡ Sí guel e!

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e mi c u s e o n l y .
UNIT 9 21

Tr ansl at i on

1 Tr aduce or alm ent e. En l a pάgi na s i gui ente es t á l a cl ave de es t a

t r aducci όn.
2 Copi a t oda l a pάgi na.

1. I am I t alian. My nam e is Mar co.

2. You ar e Eng lish. Your nam e is Rober t .
3. He is Span ish. His n am e is Car los.
4. She is Fr ench. Her nam e is Br ig it t e.
5. I t is a Per sian cat . I ts nam e is Kosm o.
6. W e ar e Am er ican. Am er ica is our count ry.
7. You ar e Russian. Ru ssia is your count r y.
8. T hey ar e G er m an. Ger m any is t heir coun t r y.

9. I have g ot an old house.

10. You ha ve g ot a m oder n house.
11. He has g ot a big house.
12. W e have g ot a black cat .
13. You ha ve g ot a whit e cat .
14. T hey have g ot t wo c anar ies.

15. I am I t alian and I live in Rom e.

16. You ar e Eng lish and you l i ve in Lond on.
17. He is Am er ican and he li ves i n Ne w Yor k .
18. She is Por t ug uese and she li ves in L isbo n.
19. W e ar e Fr ench and we li ve in Par is.
20. You ar e Spanish an d you l i ve in Madr id.
21. T hey ar e G er m an and t hey li ve in Ber l in.

22. T his child has blon d e hair .

23. T hat child has black hair .
24. T hese childr en ar e Chines e.
25. T hose childr en ar e I ndian.

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e mi c u s e o n l y .
UNIT 9 22

Tr ansl at i on

1. Escribe en un cuaderno la traducciόn del español al inglés.

Corrige los errores. En la pά gina precedente está la clave de esta
2.
traducciόn.
3. Traduce oralm ente del español al inglés .

1. Yo soy it a lia no. Mi n om br e es Mar co.

2. T ú er es ing lés. T u nom br e es Rober t .
3. Él es españo l . Su nom br e es Car los.
4. Ell a es f r ancesa . Su nom br e es Br ig it t e.
5. Ell o es un g at o per sa. Su nom br e es Kosm o.
6. Nosot r os som os amer icanos. Am ér ica es nuest r o país.
7. Vosot r os sois r usos. Rusia es vu est r o país.
8. Ell os son alem anes. Alem ania es su pa ís.

9. Yo t eng o una casa viej a.

10. T ú t ienes una casa m oder na.
11. Él t iene una casa g r ande.
12. Nosot r os t enem os un g at o neg r o.
13. Vosot r os t enéis un gat o blanco.
14. Ell os t ienen dos can ar ios.

15. Yo soy it a lia no y yo vi vo en Rom a.

16. T ú er es ing lés y t ú vi ves en Londr es.
17. Él es am er icano y é l vi ve en Ne w Yor k .
18. Ell a es por t ug uesa y élla vi ve en Lisb oa .
19. Nosot r os som os f r anceses y nosot r os vi vim os en Par ís.
20. Vosot r os sois españ oles y vosot r os vi vís en Madr id.
21. Ell os son alem anes y el los vi ve n en Ber l ín.

22. Est e niño t iene el pe lo r ubio.

23. Aq uél niño t iene e l pelo neg r o.
24. Est os niños son chi nos.
25. Aq uellos niñ os son i ndios.

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e mi c u s e o n l y .
UNIT 9 23

Tr ansl at i on

26. T her e is a m an on the beach.

27. T her e ar e t hr ee m en in t he sea.
28. I s t her e a wom an in t he car ?
29. Ar e t her e t hr ee wom en in t he car ?

30. O ne f oot , t wo f eet.

31. O ne t oot h, t wo t eet h.

32. He is a g ood st udent .

33. I s he a g ood st udent?
34. He is not a g ood st udent .
35. Mar y has g ot a r ed dr ess.
36. Has Mar y g ot a r ed dr ess?
37. Mar y hasn ’t g ot a r ed dr ess.

38. T her e is a dog in t he house.

39. I s t her e a dog in t he house?
40. T her e is not a dog in t he house.

41. I am r eading a m ag azine.

42. You ar e r eading a book .
43. He is wr it ing a let t er .
44. She is dr ink ing a g lass of wat er .
45. W e ar e wat ching T V.
46. You ar e list eni ng t o t he r adio.
47. T hey ar e eat ing ice cr eam .

48. She is sleep ing .

49. I s she sleeping ?
50. She is not sleep ing .

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e mi c u s e o n l y .
UNIT 9 24

Tr ansl at i on

26. Ha y un hom br e en la pla ya. .

27. Ha y t r es hom br es en el m ar .
28. Ha y una m uj er en el coche?
29. Ha y t r es m uj er es en el coche?

30. Un pie, dos pies.

31. Un dient e, dos dient es.

32. Él es un buen est udi ant e.

33. ¿Es él un buen est u diant e?
34. Él no es un buen est udiant e.
35. Mar y t ie ne un vest id o r oj o.
36. ¿T iene Mar y un vest ido r oj o?
37. Mar y no t ien e un ve st ido r oj o.

38. Ha y un per r o en la casa.

39. ¿Ha y un per r o en la casa?
40. No hay un per r o en l a casa.

41. Yo est oy le yendo un a r evist a.

42. T ú est ás leyendo un libr o.
43. Él est á escr ibien do una car t a.
44. Ell a est á bebiendo u n vaso de ag ua.
45. Nosot r os est am os mir ando la t ele visi όn.
46. Vosot r os est áis escuchando la r adi o.
47. Ell os est án com iend o helado.

48. Ell a est á dur m iendo.

49. ¿Est á ella dur m iend o?
50. Ell a no est á dur m iendo.

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e mi c u s e o n l y .
UNIT 9 25

Tr ansl at i on
51. - W ho is t hat boy?
52. - W hat is his nam e?
53. - W hich is your f avour it e spor t : f oot ball or bask et ball?
54. - W hy ar e you r eadi ng t hat st upid m ag azine?
55. - Because I lik e it .

56. I am alwa ys bor ed.

57. T his t r anslat ion is so bor ing .

58. He is wr it ing a let t er t o his f at her.

59. She lik es t o r ead book s about hist or y.

60. I am sing le. He is eng ag ed. She is m ar r ied.

61. Accor ding t o T om , Shar on St one is a beaut if ul wom an.
62. I n m y opinion, Eng li sh is a ver y im por t ant lang uag e.
63. Com e in! Put on your hat ! T ak e of f your shoes!

64. T he opposit e of m uch is lit t le. T he opposit e of m any is f ew.

65. T he plur al of m uch is m any.

66. W hat is your nam e?

67. W hat is your addr ess?
68. W hat is your t elepho ne num ber ?
69. W hat ar e you eat ing ?
70. W hat ar e you dr ink ing ?
71. Mar g ar et t hink s t hat polit ics ar e bor ing .

72. - W ait er, br ing him a beer , please!

73. - W ait er, br ing her a Coca- Cola, pl ease !
74. - W ait er, br ing us a bot t le of wine, plea se!
75. - If you g ive m e som e wine, I wi l l g ive yo u som e beer .

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e mi c u s e o n l y .
UNIT 9 26

Tr ansl at i on
51. - ¿Q uién es aq uel muchacho?
52. - ¿Cuál es su nom br e?
53. - ¿Cuál es t u pr ef er ido depor t e: f út bol o balόncest o?
54. - ¿Por q ué est ás leyendo esa est úpida r evist a?
55. - Por q ue m e g ust a.

56. Yo est oy siem pr e ab ur r ido.

57. ¡E st a t r aducciόn es t an abur r ida!

58. Él est á escr ibien do una car t a a su padre.

59. A m i m e g ust a ( l i t . y o g u s t o ) leer libr os de hist or ia.

60. Yo est oy solt er o. Él est á pr om et ido. Ella est á casada.

61. Seg ún T om , Shar on St one es una bella m uj er .
62. Seg ún m i, el ing lés es una leng ua m uy i m por t ant e.
63. ¡E nt r a! ¡Po nt e t u som br er o! ¡Q uit at e t us zapat os!

64. El opuest o de m ucho es poco. El opuest o de m uchos es pocos.

65. El plur a l de m ucho es m uchos.

66. - ¿Cόm o t e llam as? ( l i t . ¿ C u á l e s t u n o m b r e ? )

67. ¿Cuál es t u dir ecciό n?
68. ¿Cuál es t u núm er o de t eléf ono?
69. ¿Q ué est ás com iendo?
70. ¿Q ué est ás bebiend o?
71. Mar g ar et piensa q ue ( la) pol ít ica es abur r ida.

72. - Cam ar er o, ¡t r aig al e una cer ve za, por f avor !

73. - Cam ar er o, ¡t r aig al e una Coca- Cola, po r f avor !
74. - Cam ar er o, ¡t r aig an os una bot ella de vi no, por f avor !
75. - Si t ú m e das un poco de vin o, yo t e dar é un poco de cer ve za.

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e mi c u s e o n l y .
UNIT 9 27

Tr ansl at i on

76. - W ait er br ing t hem som e cak es, please!

77. W hen I ’m hungr y I want t o eat .

78. W hen I ’m t hir st y I want t o dr ink.
79. W hen I ’m cold, I put on a woo llen pu ll o ver .
80. W hen I ’m hot , I t ak e of f m y pullo ver .
81. I n Januar y, it is usuall y co ld.
82. I n Aug ust, it is usuall y hot .

83. Her e you ar e!

84. Com e on! - It is t ime f or lunch!
85. W hen Rober t is hung r y, he is angr y, t oo.

86. T her e is a g lass and a box on t he t able.

87. T her e ar e t wo g lasses and t wo bo xes on t he t able.
88. O ne f ish. - T wo f ishes.
89. O ne chur ch. - T wo chur ches.

90. I n t he af t er noon I alwa ys wat ch T V.

91. I never wat ch T V in t he m or ning .

92. T he sun is t oo hot t his m or ning .

93. T om dr ink s t oo m uch beer .
94. Mar g ar et eat s t oo many cak es.
95. He dr ink s t oo m uch. She eat s t oo m uch.

96. T he newspaper is o n t he t able.

97. T he shoes ar e under t he t able.
98. I have onl y one f r iend.

99. - I t hink t hat t his tr anslat ion i s ver y usef ul.

100. - I t hink t hat it is t oo long .

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e mi c u s e o n l y .
UNIT 9 28

Tr ansl at i on

76. - ¡C am ar er o t r aig ales alg unos past eles, por f avor !

77. Cuando yo t eng o ham br e ( l i t . e s t o y h a m b r i e n t o ) , q uier o com er .

78. Cuando yo t eng o sed ( l i t . e s t o y s e d i e n t o ) , q uier o beber .
79. Cuando yo t eng o f r ío, m e pong o un j er sey de la na.
80. Cuando yo t eng o calor , m e q uit o el j er sey.
81. En ener o, usualm ent e hace f r ío . ( l i t . e l l o e s f r í o )
82. I n ag ost o, usualm ent e hace calor . ( l i t . e l l o e s c a l i e n t e )

83. ¡H e aq u í!
84. ¡V am os! - ¡Es hor a del alm uer zo!
85. Cuando Rober t t ie ne ham br e ( l i t . e s t á h a m b r i e n t o ) , é l e st á
enf adado, t am bién.

86. Ha y un vaso y una c aj a sobr e la m esa.

87. Ha y dos vasos y dos caj as sobr e la m esa.
88. Un pez. - Dos peces.
89. Una ig lesia. - Dos ig lesias.

90. Por la t ar de yo siem pr e m ir o ( la) t elevisi όn. .

91. Yo m ir o la t elevis iόn por la m añana. ( l i t . e n l a m a ñ a n a )

92. El sol est á dem asia do calient e est a m añana.

93. T om bebe dem asiad a cer ve za.
94. Mar g ar et com e demasiados past el es .
95. Él bebe dem asia do. Ell a com e dem asiado.

96. El per iόd ico est á en cim a de la m esa.

97. Los zapat os est án d ebaj o de la m esa.
98. Yo t eng o solam ent e un am ig o.

99. - Yo pienso q ue esta t r aducciόn es m uy út il.

100. - Yo pienso q ue es dem asiado lar g a.

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e mi c u s e o n l y .
UNIT 9 29

Exer ci ses

1. Com plet a con: t o - at - on - in

Not a Al gunas f r as es non r equi er en ni nguna prepos i ci όn.

Cons ul t a l as pági nas 14 a 18.

I t is a beaut if ul su m m er evening . T om and Mar g ar et g o …. . t he

publ ic g ar den.
T her e ar e m any beaut if ul t r ees and f lower s …. . t he g ar den. T hey
walk and wa lk . W hen t hey ar e t ir ed t hey s it …. . t he gr ass.
Mar g ar et is ver y r om ant ic and she says …. . him , “ Look T om!
Look …. . t he m oon and t he st ar s! ” B ut T om says …. . her , “ I
pr ef er t o look ….. you. ”

No w t hey ar e in a ca f é.
T her e is a j uk e box …. . t he caf é. T om want s t o list en …. . som e
nice m oder n song s, but Mar g ar et would l ik e to list en …. .
classica l m usic. So she ask s ….. t he wait er if t hey have g ot any
classica l m usic. But t he wait er ans wer s t hat t her e isn’t any
classica l m usic …. . the j uk e box.
Mar g ar et t ells …. . T om t hat she is hung r y. So he g ives …. .
Mar g ar et a cak e.
T om says …. . her t hat he is t hir st y. So she g ives a beer …. . him .

T om says …. . t he wait er , “ Br ing t he bill, please. ”

T he wait er br ing s t he bil l and T om g ives him a t ip.
T he wait er says …. . him , “ t hank you, sir .”

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e mi c u s e o n l y .
UNIT 9 30

Vocabulary

after a:ftE despu és de, t r as

along ElØN a lo largo de
as alw a ys Ez Ø:lweiz como siempre
asleep Esli:p dormido
beauty bju:ti belleza
to begin tu bigin empezar
to call tu kØ:l llamar
to consider tu kEnsidE considerar
cruel kru:El cruel
direct direkt / dairekt directo
each i:tS cada, cada uno
face feis cara
to fall tu fØ:l caer
fast fa:st veloz, velozmente
fat fAt gordo
fit fit en forma
for instance fErinstEns por ejemplo
full ful lleno
generous dZenErEs generoso
to hear tu hiE oír
I w ould like ai wEd laik me gustaría, quisiera
in fact in fAkt de hecho
indirect indirekt indirecto
loud laud fuerte, alto (u n ru id o )
l ying laiN tendido
melodious miloudiEs melodioso
most moust la mayoría de
nap nAp siesta
not …either nØt aiTE tampoco
to offer tu ØfE ofrecer
(con t i núa)
C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e mi c u s e o n l y .
UNIT 9 31

Vocabulary

oil Øil aceite

to order tu Ø:dE ordenar
other úTE otro
to pa y tu pei pagar
to return tu rit¨:n volver
same seim mismo
to smile tu smail sonreír
smiling smailiN sonriente
something súm † iN algo
speech spi:tS discurso, conferencia
uni versit y ju:niv¨:siti universidad
(I) w as woz / wEz era, fue – estaba - estuve
to w ear tu weE llevar (ropa)
w hile wail mientras
w hose hu:z cuyo
w ord w¨:d palabra
w ould wud / wEd Auxiliar verbal usada para formar el tiempo
condicional

C a r m e l o M a n g a n o – h t t p : / / w w w . i n g l e s p a r a e s p a n o l e s . c o m – fo r p r i v a t e o r a c a d e mi c u s e o n l y .