MATERIAL SCIENCE AND PROPERTIES

mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, and deteriorative.

processing, structure, properties, and performance
CL ASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
METALS,CERAMICS,POLYMERS, SEMICONDUCTORS, COMPOSITES,BIOMATERIALS,SMART MATERIALS, NANO

Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding

GECKO LIZARDS HAVING HAIRS IN FEET – SELF CLEANING ADHESIVE
GRAPHITE – DIAMOND – SAME ATOM DIFF STRUCTURE

NUCLEUS CONTAINS PROTONS AND NEUTRONS SURROUNDED BY ELECTRONS

ATOMIC NO.
Atomic mass
Isotopes
Avogrados no.

Electrons in Atoms
Bohr atomic model- electrons can have only specific values of energy- can revolve in only discrete orbitals
Wave mechanical model is accepted
quantum numbers- size, shape, and spatial orientation and spin
Pauli exclusion principle
ground state
stable electron configurations
electropositive and electronegative

Atomic Bonding in Solids

Bonding energy, attractive and repulsive forces acting on interacting atoms, graph of force and energy vs
interatomic distance
primaryor chemical bondare found in solids—ionic,covalent, and metallic.
Secondary or vander waals bonding-1) induced dipole 2) polar molecule 3) permanent dipole 4) hydrogen bonding
Water (Its Volume Expansion Upon Freezing

The Structure of Crystalline Solids

X ray diffraction of magnesium

Why study structure of solids
Crystallinity,Amorphous,Lattice,Unit cell
Coordination no. , atomic packaging factor,
Fcc structure,Bcc,hcp
Density computation
Polymorphism and allotropy
Lattice parameters
Seven arrangements-crthomt
Tin disease
Crystallographic points, directions
Linear density, planar density
Fcc and hcp arrangements in 3d , anisotropy
Diffraction techniques, diffraction phenomena

Imperfections in solids
Why study of effects is important??
Point- vacancy , self interstitial
Linear defects- edge, screw dislocation , burgers defects
Interfacial defects-external, grain, stacking faults, twin , twist ,tilt etc.
Microscopic detection – optical, scanning probe, electron

Mechanical properties of metals

Why mechanical properties of metal
Tension, compression, torsion tests
Elastic deformation-45-407 gpa – straight line curve.. some materials do not have – secant ot tangent modulus
Modulus is proportion to slope of interatomic force separation curve
Anelasticity
Poisson equation
Plastic deformation -.005 strain –breakage of bonds
Yield strength for different criteria of metals (eefect of temp on all stresses and strains)
Tensile strength, necking, fracture stress
Ductile materials, bruttle- fracture strain less than 5%
Resilience(formula), toughness-brittle or ductile,def, notch toughness
True stress and true strain
Elastic recovery after plastic deformation – graph , phenomena
Hardness – measurement techniques, diff methods in use (Rockwell, brinnel, vickers)

Phase Diagrams
Solid solution, componenets, system
Solubility limit, ex- sugar solution, solubility diagram, phase- boundaries, chemical physical or bothhases
Microstructure, phase equilibria-constancy of phase prop, metastable structures
Phase dia- 3 factors , urnary dia, phase dia for h20
Binary Phase Diagrams-pre held constant, cu-ni alloy, 3 phases, isomorphous systems
α,β, solidus line, liquidus line
INTERPRETATION OF PHASE DIAGRAMS- phases present , composition of phases, phase amounts
DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURE IN ISOMORPHOUS ALLOYS on solidification under equilibrium cooling and non
equilibrium cooling

Eutectic systems – α,β,ϒ phases