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Syllabus
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FOUNDATION & OLYMPIAD
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IIT Foundation & Olympiad Explorer - Physics Class - X
UNIQUE ATTRACTIONS
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l l Numerical Problems CLASS - X
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l Cross word Puzzles Conceptual Questions
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l Graded Exercise l Multiple Answer Questions
n Basic Practice l Paragraph Questions
Further Practice
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` 75
CHEMISTRY
Detailed solutions
PHYSICS
for all problems
of IIT Foundation &
Olympiad Explorer
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are available in this book
` 200
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YOUR
COACH
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E: X P L D R E: R
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PHYSICS
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CLASS - 10
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BRAIN MAPPING
ACADEMY
MapptngYour Future
www.bmatalent.com
Published by:
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✆ 040–65165169, 66135169
E–mail: info@bmatalent.com
Website: www.bmatalent.com
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© Brain Mapping Academy
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
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system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without
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the prior written permission of the publisher.
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Publication Team
Editor: E.V.S.S. Lakshmi
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ISBN: 978-93-80299-01-3
Disclaimer
.
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culture. They need to think on their feet, understand basic requirements, identify appropriate information
sources and use that to their best advantage.
The preparation required for the tough competitive examinations is fundamentally different from that of
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qualifying ones like the board examinations. A student can emerge successful in a qualifying examination by
merely scoring the minimum percentage of marks, whereas in a competitive examination, he has to score
high and perform better than the others taking the examination.
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This book provides all types of questions that a student would be required to tackle at the foundation level.
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The questions in the exercises are sequenced as Basic Practice, Further Practice, Multiple Answer Questions,
Paragraph Questions, Numerical Problems, Conceptual Questions and Brain Nurtures. Simple questions involving
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a direct application of the concepts are given in Basic Practice. More challenging questions on direct application
are given in Further Practice. Questions involving higher order thinking or an open-ended approach to
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problems are given in Brain Nurtures. These questions encourage students to think analytically , to be
creative and to come up with solutions of their own. Constant practice and familiarity with these questions
will not only make him/her conceptually sound, but will also give the student the confidence to face any
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Valuable suggestions as well as criticism from the teacher and student community are most welcome and
will be incorporated in the ensuing edition.
Publisher
.
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1. Ligtht–I ................................................. 01
2.
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Light–II.................................................. 40
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3. Electrostatics ........................................ 69
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4. Current Electricity ................................ 96
Chapter
Magnetic Effects of
1
6 Electric Current
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Common Misconception Fact
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1. The source of magnetic field is a magnetic 1. No. The source of magnetic field is not a
charge. magnetic charge since an isolated
magnetic poles do not exist, whereas the
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source of electric field is electric charge.
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2. When a current flows through a conductor,
it has electric field around it.
2. When a current flows through a conductor
it has magnetic field around it, but not
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electric field.
SYNOPSIS
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INTRODUCTION
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An electric current can also produce magnetic effect. The term magnetic effect of current
means that a current flowing in a wire produces a magnetic field around it. In other
(F bm
words, electric current can produce magnetism. The magnetic effect of current was
discovered by Oersted in 1820. Oersted found that a wire carrying a current was able to
deflect a compass needle. Now, the compass needle is a tiny magnet which can be deflected
only by a magnetic field. Since a current carrying wire was able to deflect a compass
needle, it was concluded that a current flowing in a wire always gives rise to a magnetic
.
field around it. The importance of magnetic effects of current lies in the fact that it gives
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rise to mechanical forces. The electric motor, electric generator, telephone and radio,
all utilize the magnetic effects of current. The magnetic effects of current is also called
electromagnetism which means electricity produces magnetism.
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Magnetic field pattern due to straight current - carrying conductor (straight current - carrying
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Wire)
The magnetic field lines around a straight conductor (straight wire) carrying current are
concentric circles whose centre lie on the wire. When current in the wire flows in the
upward direction, then the lines of magnetic field are in the anticlockwise direction. If
the direction of current in the wire is reversed, the direction of magnetic field lines also
gets reversed.
It has been shown by experiments that the magnitude of magnetic field produced by
a straight current - carrying wire at a given point is : (i) directly proportional to the
current passing in the wire, and (ii) inversely proportional to the distance of that point
from the wire. So greater the current in the wire, stronger will be the magnetic field
produced. And greater the distance of a point from the current-carrying wire, weaker
will be the magnetic field produced at that point. In fact, as we move away from a
current-carrying straight wire, the concentric circles around it representing magnetic
field lines, becomes larger and larger indicating the decreasing strength of the magnetic
field.
B
Current
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(Upwards)
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C
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Magnetic
field lines
n (anticlockwise)
A
(•)
Magnetic field pattern due to a
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straight current - carrying wire
Direction of magnetic Field produced by current - carrying conductor
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If the direction of current is known, then the direction of magnetic field produced by a
straight wire carrying current can be obtained by using Maxwells right - hand thumb
rule. According to Maxwells right - hand thumb rule : Imagine that you are grasping the
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current carrying wire in your right hand so that your thumb points in the direction of
current, then the direction in which your fingers encircle the wire will give the direction
(F bm
of magnetic field lines around the wire. Maxwells right - hand thumb rule is also known
as Maxwells corkscrew rule.
B
.
Direction of
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magnetic
field
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Direction of
current
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Straight wire
Right
carrying current
hand
A
Right - hand thumb rule to find the
direction of magnetic field
If a conductor of infinitely long wire at a perpendicular distance r from it, at that point,
µ0 i
Magnetic induction, B =
4πr
Magnetic Field Pattern due to a Circular Loop Carrying Current
When a current is passed through the circular loop of wire, a magnetic field is produced
around it. The pattern of magnetic field due to a current carrying circular loop is shown
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in figure. The magnetic field lines are circular near the current-carrying loop. As we
move away, the concentric circles representing magnetic field lines become bigger and
bigger. At the centre of the circular loop, the magnetic field lines are straight. By applying
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right - hand thumb rule, it can be seen that each segment of circular loop carrying
current produces magnetic field lines in the same direction within the loop. At the centre
of the circular loop, all the magnetic field lines are in the same direction and aid each
other, due to which the strength of magnetic field increases.
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The magnitude of magnetic field produced by a current - carrying circular loop at its
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centre is :
i) directly proportional to the radius of circular loop (or circular wire), and
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ii) inversely proportional to the radius of circular loop (or circular wire).
Circular loop of wire Circular
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carrying current current
C
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(F bm
M
.
T
Magnetic
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field lines
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loop,
µ0 ni r 2
B=
(
2 r2 + x2 32
)
At the centre of coil, x = 0
µ0 ni
∴B =
2r
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current - carrying solenoid has been represented by drawing parallel straight field lines.
Even the earths magnetic field at a given place is uniform which consists of parallel
straight field lines.
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The strength of magnetic field produced by a current carrying solenoid depends on :
i) The number of turns in the solenoid. Larger the number of turns in the solenoid,
greater will be the magnetism produced.
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ii) The strength of current in the solenoid. Larger the current passed through solenoid,
stronger will be the magnetic field produced.
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iii) The nature of core material used in making solenoid. The use of soft iron rod as
core in solenoid produces the strongest magnetism.
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Magnetic field lines
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Solenoid
S N
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(F bm
.
.
X
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B
Magnetic field due to a current carrying
solenoid is similar to that of a bar magnet
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Electro magnet
An electric current can be used for making temporary magnets known as electromagnets.
An electromagnet works on the magnetic effect of current. An electromagnet consists of
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a long coil of insulated copper wire wound on a soft iron core. The core of an electromagnet
must be of soft iron because soft iron loses all of its magnetism when current in the coil
is switched off.
Factors affecting the strength of an electromagnet.
The strength of an electromagnet depends on :
i) The number of turns in the coil. If we increase the number of turns in the coil, the
strength of electromagnet increases.
ii) The current flowing in the coil. If the current in the coil is increased, the strength of
electromagnet increases.
6. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
165 © Brain Mapping Academy
IIT Foundation and Olympiad Explorer Physics / Class - X
iii) The length of air gap between its poles. If we reduce the length of air gap between the
poles of an electromagnet, then its strength increases.
Soft iron core Coil of insulated
copper wire
C
N S
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Electromagnet
Force on Current Carrying Conductor placed in a Magnetic Field
Oersteds experiment which shows that a current carrying wire exerts a force on a
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compass needle and deflects it from its usual north - south position. Since a compass
needle is actually a small freely pivoted magnet, it can also say that a current carrying
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wire exerts a mechanical force on a magnet, and if the magnet is free to move, this force
can produce a motion in the magnet. When a current carrying conductor is placed in a
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magnetic field, a mechanical force is exerted on the conductor which can make the
conductor move. This is known as the motor principle and forms galvanometer.
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When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, a mechanical
force is exerted on the conductor which makes it move. The direction of force acting on
a current carrying wire placed in a magnetic field is (i) perpendicular to the direction of
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current, and (ii) perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field. The maximum force is
exerted on a current carrying conductor only when it is perpendicular to the direction of
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magnetic field. No force acts on a current carrying conductor when it is parallel to the
magnetic field. The direction of force on a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic
field can be reversed by reversing the direction of current flowing in the conductor. The
direction of force on a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field can also be
reversed by reversing the direction of magnetic field.
.
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that the forefinger points in the direction of magnetic field and the centre finger points
in the direction of current, then the direction in which thumb points, gives the direction
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ot
Current
ion
D
Force or
South
Motion (a) C
Vertically downwards (b)
Electric Motor
A motor is a device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Principle of a Motor
A motor works on the principle that when a rectangular coil is placed in a magnetic field
and current is passed through it, a force acts on the coil which rotates it continuously.
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ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION
Michael Faraday showed that a changing magnetic field can induce an electromotive
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force (e.m.f) which drives an induced current through a closed circuit. This phenomenon
is known as Electromagnetic Induction.
Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
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The electromotive force generated in a conductor is proportional to the rate of change
of magnetic lines of force linking the circuit.
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The negative rate of change of magnetic flux associated with a coil of (1 loop) is equal to
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the induced emf (e) in that coil.
dφ
∴ e= dt
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−Nd φ
e= ;
dt
d φ
e = −N (BA ) ∴B = A
.
dt
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M.Flux
Magnetic flux density =
w
Area
−d
(NBA )
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e=
dt
The negative sign indicates that induced emf (e) has a nature to oppose the change in
magnetic flux. .
Lenz’s Law
The direction of the induced e.m.f. and hence the induced current in a closed circuit is
always such that its magnetic effect opposes the motion or change producing it. Lenzs
law is analogous to Law of conservation of energy.
SELF - INDUCTANCE
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If a current is passed through a conducting coil of one loop, there develops magnetic flux
φ around it.
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∴ The magnetic flux φ is directly proportional to i.
Where L = coefficient of self inductance
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When the main current i in the loop is not constant and it is changing, it causes a
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continuous change in magnetic flux associated with the coil. This change in flux induces
an emf in the loop.
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−dφ
∴ Induced emf e = dt
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−d
e= (Li) ) [∴ φ = Li ]
dt
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di
(F bm
e = L
dt
The self inductance of the coil is numerically equal to induced emf in the circuit, if rate
of change of current is 1 ampere per second.
.
1 sec
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L= − e
ampere
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− e
In general L = di
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dt
volt
S. I unit = ×s
A
J 1
J.
= C ×s = A = J
A A A2
N1 N2
Core Core
E1 N2 > > N1 E2 E1 N2 > > N1 E2
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E2 > > E1 E2 > > E1
(Step-up transformer) (Step-down transformer)
Electric Generator
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The electric generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
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Principle of Electric Generator
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The electric generator is an application of electromagnetic induction. The electric
generator works on the principle that when a straight conductor is moved in a magnetic
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field, then current is induced in the conductor.
SOLVED EXAMPLES
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Example 1
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What is the basic difference between magnetic and electric field ?In what way is an
electric field different from a magnetic field ?
Solution :
.
A charged particle always experiences force due to an electric field. It does not matter ;
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whether the charged particle is at rest or is in motion. How ever, due to magnetic field,
force on a charged particle acts only, when it moves inside the magnetic field and its
motion is not along the direction of the magnetic field. Further, when electric field acts,
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the kinetic energy of the charged particle is a affected. However, there is no effect on
the kinetic energy of a charged particle due to its motion inside the magnetic field.
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Example 2
An electron is projected in the direction of magnetic field. How will its motion be affected
by the action of magnetic field ?
Solution :
Force acts on the electron due to the magnetic field, when it is projected in the direction
of magnetic field. Hence its motion will not be affected.
Example 9
The induced e.m.f. is also called back e.m.f. why ?
Solution :
The induced e.m.f. is also called back e.m.f as it opposes the applied voltage.
Example 10
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What is the magnitude of the induced current in the circular loop KLMN of radius r, if
the straight wire PQ carries a steady current of magnitude I ampere?
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K
N L
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M
n P
I
Q
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Solution :
No induced emf will be produced in the circular loop. It is because, due to steady current
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flowing.
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(F bm.
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Oersted experiment Force on a current carrying conductor
. placed in a magnetic field
IIT Foundation and Olympiad Explorer
173
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EM induction
Magnetic field due to
a solenoid
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n Electric generator
Electro magnet
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©
Transformer
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Summative Exercise
BASIC PRACTICE
SECTION A
FILL IN THE BLANKS
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1. Oersteds experiment gives dependence of the direction of magnetic field with
___________.
2. The source of electric field is ___________.
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3. The direction of magnetic field lines due to a straight current carrying conductor may be
found by applying ___________.
4. The lines magnetic induction due to a straight current carrying conductor are ___________.
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5. If a copper wire carries a direct current, the magnetic field associated with the current
6.
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will be only ___________ the rod.
___________ law gives the quantitative relationship between current and magnetic field
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due to the current carrying conductor.
7. The direction of magnetic field on the conductor in Flemings left hand rule is repre-
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sented by ___________ finger.
8. The strength of magnetic field produced by a current carrying circular coil can be
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13. The property of a conductor which enables to induce an emf due to change of current in
the same coil is __________.
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14. The magnitude of induced emf is directly proportional to the rate of change of __________
linked with the circuit.
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15. According to Amperes swimming rule, if a man swims along a direction opposite to the
direction of the current, south pole of the needle deflects towards his __________.
TRUE OR FALSE
16. A current flowing in a wire always give rise to a magnetic field.
17. Magnetic lines of force around any current carrying conductor are circular in nature.
18. According to right hand thumb rule ; the direction in which our fingers are folded gives
the direction of current.
19. The magnetic produced by a current carrying solenoid is similar to the magnetic field
produced by a bar magnet.
20. When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, a mechanical force is
exerted on the conductor which can make the conductor move.
21. Flemings right hand rule is used to determine the direction of force acting on a current
carrying wire placed in a magnetic field.
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22. Maximum force acts on a current carrying conductor when it is parallel to the magnetic
field.
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23. Magnetic field is not associated with a decelerated charge.
24. A transformer is a device which gives only ac voltage.
25. Electro magnetic induction is a phenomenon of production of electric current in a coil,
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when the magnetic flux linked with the coil is changed.
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MATCH THE FOLLOWING
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26. Column I Column II
A. Flemings Left hand Rule p. direction of magnetic flux
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µ° i
C. Faradays law of electro magnetic induction r. B =
2πr
FURTHER PRACTICE
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(B) The current in the secondary coil is always larger than the current in the primary
coil.
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(C) An e.m.f. is induced in the secondary coil when an alternating voltage is applied to
the primary coil.
(D) An e.m.f. is induced in the secondary coil when a steady direct current flows in the
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primary coil.
2.
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A current flows in a conductor from east to west. The direction of the magnetic field at
a point above the conductor is
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(A) towards north (B) towards south (C) towards east (D) towards west
3. The magnetic field at a distance r from a long wire carrying current I is 0-4 tesla. The
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magnetic field at a distance 2r is
(A) 0-1 tesla (B) 0-2 tesla (C) 0-8 tesla (D) 1-6 tesla
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4. A positively charged particle moving due east enters a region of uniform magnetic field
directed vertically upwards. The particle will
(F bm
5. A charged particle is moving through uniform magnetic field, then magnetic field :
(A) always exerts a force on the particle
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(D) exerts a force, if the particle is moving perpendicular to the direction of the field.
6. In electromagnetic induction, the induced e.m.f. is independent of
(A) change of flux (B) time (C) tesla (D) weber
7. Magnitude of e.m.f. produced in a coil, when a magnet is inserted into it ; does not
depend upon :
(A) number of turns in the coil. (B) resistance of the coil.
(C) magnetic moment of magnet. (D) speed of the magnet.
8. A magnet is moved towards a coil, first quickly and then slowly. The induced e.m.f.
produced is:
(A) larger in first case
(B) smaller in first case
(C) equal in both cases
(D) larger or smaller, depending upon resistance of the coil
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9. Refer to the figure. Deflection in the galvanometer (G) occurs, when :
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S N
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(A) the magnet is pushed into the coil
COIL
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(B) the magnet is rotated into the coil
(C) the magnet is stationary at the centre of the coil.
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11. In the right -hand thumb rule, the thumb points towards the :
(A) direction of current (B) direction of magnetic field
(C) direction of earths magnetic field (D) all of these
.
12. When a charged particle moves through a magnetic field it suffers a change in its :
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25. If in a transformer the number of turns of primary coil and secondary coil are 5 and 4
respectively and 240 V is applied to primary coil, then the ratio of current in primary and
secondary coil is :
(A) 4 : 5 (B) 5 : 4 (C) 5 : 10 (D) 8 : 12
26. The SI unit of inductance, the henry, can be written as :
(A) weber ampere1 (B) volt - s ampere1
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(C) joule ampere1 (D) ohm s1
27. The number of turns in the primary and the secondary coils of a transformer are 1000
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and 3000 respectively. If the primary of the coil is connected to 80 volt ac, then potential
difference per turn of the secondary coil is :
(A) 240 V (B) 24 V (C) 0.24 V (D) 0.08 V
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28. An ideal transformer is used on 220 V line to deliver 2 A at 110 V. The current through
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the primary is :
(A) 10 A (B) 5 A (C) 1 A (D) 0.1 A
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29. In a transformer, number of turns in primary and secondary are 500 and 2000 respectively.
If current in primary is 48 A, current in the secondary is :
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4. The path of a charged particle moving in a magnetic field can be a :
(A) straight line (B) circle (C) parabola (D) helix
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5. In case of motion of a charged particle in a steady magnetic field :
(A) speed remains constant (B) momentum remains constant
(C) kinetic energy remains constant (D) work done is a always zero
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6. A portion moving with constant velocity passes through a region of space without any
change in its velocity. If E and B represent electric and magnetic fields respectively, this
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region of space may have :
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(A) E = 0 and B = 0 (B) E = 0 and B ≠ 0 (C) E ≠ 0 and B = 0 (D) E ≠ 0 and B ≠ 0
7. A long straight wire of radius r carries a current distributed uniformly over its cross-
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section. The magnitude of the magnetic field is :
(A) maximum at the axis of wire
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The questions given below consists of statements of an Assertion and a Reason. Use the
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of the assertion.
(B) If both assertion and reason are CORRECT, but reason is NOT THE CORRECT
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4. Assertion : A magnetic field exert a force on a moving charge in the same direction as
the direction of field itself.
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Reason : The direction of force is given by Flemings left hand rule.
5. Assertion : A current carrying conductor experiences a force in a magnetic field.
Reason : The net charge on a current carrying conductor is zero.
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6. Assertion : When current is represented by a straight line, the magnetic field will be
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Reason
circular.
: According to Flemings left hand rule, direction of force is parallel to the
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magnetic field.
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PARAGRAPH QUESTIONS
Passage - I
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(F bm
Three specimens of magnetic material were tested using the apparatus shown in the
diagram.
Specimen under
test
.
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Iron nails
When the switch is closed, the specimen picks up some of the iron nails but when the
switch is opened, many or most of the nails fall off. The number of nails picked up and
left on were found for three specimens. The table shows the results.
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(A) X (B) Y (C) Z (D) all the above
ii) Which material among the following is suitable for making use in compasses ?
(A) X (B) Y (C) Z (D) all the above
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iii) What does the number of nails left on the material infer to ?
(A) Ability to retain magnetism when current is removed
(B) Ability to induce e.m.f
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(C) To undergo magnetostriction on removal of current
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(D) Ability to change strength of magnetic field
iv) Which among the following pair of elements are suitable in the construction of
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electric bell ?
(A) X, Y (B) Y, Z (C) X, Z (D) X, Y, Z
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SECTION – B
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
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1. A horizontal wire 0.1 m long carries a current of 5 A. Find the magnitude and direction
of the magnetic field, which can support the weight of the wire. Assume wire to be of
(F bm
3. A long straight conductor carries a current of 5 amps. Find the magnetic field at a
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acting on the wire when the wire makes an angle of (i) 90° and (ii) 0°, with respect to the
magnetic field.
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5. A current of 0.24 A flows through a circular coil of 72 turns, the average diameter of the
coil being 20 cm. What is the strength of field produced at the centre of the coil ?
6. When current changes from 4 A to 0 A in 0.1 s in an inductor the induced emf is found to
be 100 V, then find the value of self inductance.
7. In a transformer the number of turns of primary coil and secondary coil are 5 and 4
respectively and 240 V is applied on primary coil, then find the ratio of current in primary
and secondary coils.
8. A transformer steps up an ac supply from 220 to 2200 V. If the secondary coil of the
transformer has 2000 turns, Then find the number of turns in its primary coil.
9. The primary winding of a transformer has 500 turns whereas its secondary has 5000
turns. The primary is connected to an ac supply of 20 V, 50 Hz. What will be the output
of the secondary ?
10. A solenoid is 2.0 m long and 3.0 cm in diameter. It has 5 layers of winding of 1000 turns
each and carries a current of 5.0 A. What is the magnetic field at its centre ?
CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS
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1. Can a current carrying straight electric wires attract the nearby iron objects towards
them ?
2. In what respect does a wire carrying a current differ from a wire, which carries no
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current ?
3. Explain the rule, with illustration, related to the direction of current through a conductor
and magnetic field.
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4. An electric charge enters in electric field at right angles to the direction of electric field.
What is the nature of the path followed ?
5.
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An electron is not deflected, while moving through a certain region of space. Can we be
sure that there is no magnetic field in the region ?
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6. In a field, the force experienced by a charge depends upon its velocity and becomes zero,
when it is at rest. What is the nature of the field ?
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7. Why the core used in a transformer and other electromagnetic devices is laminated?
SECTION – C
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(A) towards the centre of the coil (B) away from the centre of the coil
(C) towards you (D) away from you
2. An electron is moving towards east in a magnetic field acting vertically downwards. So
the electron is deflected towards.
.
7. If a copper rod carries a direct current, the magnetic field associated with the current
will be
(A) only inside the rod (B) only outside the rod
(C) both inside and outside the rod (D) neither inside nor outside the rod
8. The magnetic field at a distance r from a long wire carrying current i is 0.4 Tesla. The
magnetic field at a distance 2r is
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(A) 0.2 tesla (B) 0.8 tesla (C) 0.1 tesla (D) 1.6 tesla
9. The current in a choke changes from 0 to 10 A in 5 seconds. If the inductance of the
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choke is 2H the induced emf is
(A) 2 V (B) 8 V (C) 4 V (D) 12 V
10. The current passing through a choke coil of 5 henry is decreasing at the rate of 2 amp/
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sec. The e.m.f. developed across the coil is
(A)10 volts (B) 10 volts (C) 2.5 volts (D) 2.5 volts
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BRAIN NURTURES
1. A long wire is first bent into a circular coil of one turn and then into a circular coil of
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smaller radius having n turns. If the same current passes in both the cases, find the
ratio of the magnetic fields produced at the centres in the two cases.
2. Under which condition, an electron moving through a magnetic field experiences
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maximum force ?
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3. Under what condition is the force acting on a charge moving through a uniform magnetic
field minimum ?
4. What will be the path of a charged particle moving along the direction of a uniform
magnetic field ?
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5. An electron and a proton moving with the same speed enter the same magnetic field
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region at right angles to the direction of the field. For which of the two particles will the
radius of circular path be smaller.
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6. Which of the graphs shows the variation of magnetic induction B with distance r from
a long wire carrying a current ?
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B B B B
r r r r
7. Two flat circular coils are made of two identical wires each of length 20 cm, one coil has
4 turns while the second has 2. If the same current flows through the two, then find
ratio of the field at their centre.
Crossword Puzzle
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