Discovering

Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Objec&ves  Overview  

Define  the  term,  

Explain  why  computer   computer,  and  describe   Describe  the  five  
literacy  is  vital  to   the  rela;onship   components  of  a  
success  in  today’s  world   between  data  and   computer  
informa;on  

Discuss  the  advantages  

Define  the  term,  
and  disadvantages  that   Discuss  the  uses  of  the  
network,  and  iden;fy  
users  experience  when   Internet  and  World  
benefits  of  sharing  
working  with   Wide  Web  
resources  on  a  network  
computers  

See  Page  3     2  
Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
for  Detailed  Objec;ves  
Objec&ves  Overview  

Dis;nguish  between  system   Differen;ate  among  types,   Describe  the  role  of  each  
soKware  and  applica;on   sizes,  and  func;ons  of   element  in  an  informa;on  
soKware   computers  in  each  category   system  

Explain  how  home  users,  

Discuss  how  society  uses  
small  office/home  office  
computers  in  educa;on,  
users,  mobile  users,  power  
finance,  government,  health  
users,  and  enterprise  users  
care,  science,  publishing,  
each  interact  with  
travel,  and  manufacturing  
computers  

See  Page  3     3  
Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
for  Detailed  Objec;ves  
A  World  of  Computers  

•  Computers  are  everywhere  

Pages  4  -­‐  5     4  
Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figure  1-­‐1  
What  Is  a  Computer?  

•  A  computer  is  an  electronic  device,  opera;ng  

under  the  control  of  instruc;ons  stored  in  its  own  
memory  

Collects   Produces  
data     Processing   informa&on  
(input)   (output)  

Informa&on  Processing  Cycle  

Page  6   Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1   5  

What  Is  a  Computer?  

Page  6     6  
Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figure  1-­‐2  
The  Components  of  a  Computer  

•  A  computer  contains  many  electric,  electronic,  and  

mechanical  components  known  as  hardware  
Input  Device   •  Allows  you  to  enter  data  and  instruc;ons  into  a  computer  

Output  Device   •  Hardware  component  that  conveys  informa;on  to  one  or  more  people  

•  Case  that  contains  the  electronic  components  of  the  computer  that  
System  Unit   are  used  to  process  data  

•  Records  (writes)  and/or  retrieves  (reads)  items  to  and  from  storage  
Storage  Device   media  

Communica&ons   •  Enables  a  computer  to  send  and  receive  data,  instruc;ons,  and  
Device   informa;on  to  and  from  one  or  more  computers  or  mobile  devices  

Pages  6  -­‐  8   Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1   7  

The  Components  of  a  Computer  

Page  7     8  
Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figure  1-­‐3  
Advantages  and  Disadvantages    
of  Using  Computers  
Advantages  of     Disadvantages  of    
Using  Computers   Using  Computers  

Speed   Health  Risks  

Reliability   Viola;on  of  Privacy  

Consistency   Public  Safety  

Storage   Impact  on  Labor  Force  

Communica;ons   Impact  on  Environment  

Pages  9  -­‐  10   Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1   9  

Advantages  and  Disadvantages    
of  Using  Computers  
•  Green  compu&ng  involves  reducing  the  electricity  
consumed  and  environmental  waste  generated  when  
using  a  computer  
•  Strategies  include:  
–  Recycling  
–  Regula;ng  manufacturing  processes  
–  Extending  the  life  of  computers  
–  Immediately  dona;ng  or  properly  disposing  of  replaced  computers  

Page  10   Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1   10  

Networks  and  the  Internet  

•  A  network  is  a  
collec;on  of  computers  
and  devices  connected  
together,  oKen  
wirelessly,  via  
communica;ons  
devices  and  
transmission  media  

Pages  10  -­‐  11     Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1   11  

Figure  1-­‐6  
Networks  and  the  Internet  

•  The  Internet  is  a  worldwide  collec;on  of  networks  that  

connects  millions  of  businesses,  government  agencies,  
educa;onal  ins;tu;ons,  and  individuals  

Page  11     12  
Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figure  1-­‐7  
Networks  and  the  Internet  

•  People  use  the  Internet  for  a  variety  of  reasons:  

Communicate   Research  and   Shop   Bank  and  Invest   Online  Trading  

Access  Informa&on  

Entertainment   Download  Videos   Share  Informa&on   Web  Applica&on  

Pages  12  -­‐  13     13  

Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figure  1-­‐8  
Networks  and  the  Internet  

•  A  social  networking  Web  site  encourages  

members  to  share  their  interests,  ideas,  stories,  
photos,  music,  and  videos  with  other  registered  
users  

Page  14     14  
Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figure  1-­‐9  
Computer  SoUware  

•  SoUware,  also  called  a  program,  tells  the  

computer  what  tasks  to  perform  and  how  to  
perform  them  
System  SoUware  
•  Opera;ng  system  
•  U;lity  program  

Applica&on  SoUware  

Pages  15  -­‐  16   15  

Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figures  1-­‐10  -­‐  1-­‐11  
Computer  SoUware  

•  Installing  is  the  process  of  sebng  up  soKware  to  

work  with  the  computer,  printer,  and  other  
hardware  

Pages  16  -­‐  17     16  

Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figure  1-­‐12  
Computer  SoUware  

•  A  programmer  develops  
soKware  or  writes  the  
instruc;ons  that  direct  
the  computer  to  
process  data  into  
informa;on  

Page  18     Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1   17  

Figure  1-­‐13  
Categories  of  Computers  
Personal  computers  

Mobile  computers  and  mobile  devices  

Game  consoles  

Servers  

Mainframes  

Supercomputers  

Embedded  computers  

Page  19   Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1   18  

Personal  Computers  

•  A  personal  computer  can  perform  all  of  its  input,  

processing,  output,  and  storage  ac;vi;es  by  itself  
•  Two  popular  architectures  are  the  PC  and  the  
Apple  
–  Desktop  computer  

Pages  19  -­‐  20     19  

Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figures  1-­‐15  -­‐  1-­‐16  
Mobile  Computers  and  Mobile  Devices  

Mobile   Mobile  
Computer   Device  
Personal  computer  you   Compu;ng  device  small  
can  carry  from  place  to   enough  to  hold  in  your  
place   hand  

Examples  include  smart  

Examples  include  
phones  and  PDAs,  e-­‐
notebook  computers,  
book  readers,  handheld  
laptop  computers,  
computers,  portable  
netbooks,  ultra-­‐thins,  
media  players,  and  
and  Tablet  PCs  
digital  cameras  

Pages  20  -­‐  23   Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1   20  

Mobile  Computers  and  Mobile  Devices  

Notebook  computer  

Tablet  PC  

Smart  phones  and  PDAs  

E-­‐book  reader  

Pages  20  -­‐  22     21  

Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figures  1-­‐17  –  1-­‐20  
Mobile  Computers  and  Mobile  Devices  

Handheld  computer  

Portable  media  player  

Digital  camera  

Pages  22  -­‐  23   22  

Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figures  1-­‐21  –  1-­‐23  
Game  Consoles  

•  A  game  console  is  a  

mobile  compu;ng  
device  designed  for  
single-­‐player  or  
mul;player  video  
games  

Page  24     Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1   23  

Figure  1-­‐24  
Servers  

•  A  server  controls  access  

to  the  hardware,  
soKware,  and  other  
resources  on  a  network  
–  Provides  a  centralized  
storage  area  for  
programs,  data,  and  
informa;on  

Page  25     Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1   24  

Figure  1-­‐25  
Mainframes  

•  A  mainframe  is  a  large,  

expensive,  powerful  
computer  that  can  
handle  hundreds  or  
thousands  of  connected  
users  simultaneously  

Page  25     Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1   25  

Figure  1-­‐26  
Supercomputers  

•  A  supercomputer  is  the  fastest,  most  powerful  

computer  
–  Fastest  supercomputers  are  capable  of  processing  
more  than  one  quadrillion  instruc;ons  in  a  single  
second  

Page  25     26  
Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figure  1-­‐27  
Embedded  Computers  

•  An  embedded  computer  is  a  special-­‐purpose  

computer  that  func;ons  as  a  component  in  a  
larger  product  
Consumer   Home  Automa;on   Process  Controllers   Computer  Devices  
Automobiles  
Electronics   Devices   and  Robo;cs   and  Office  Machines  
• Mobile  and  digital   • Thermostats   • An;lock  brakes   • Remote  monitoring   • Keyboards  
telephones   • Sprinkling  systems   • Engine  control   systems   • Printers  
• Digital  televisions   • Security   modules   • Power  monitors   • Faxes  
• Cameras   monitoring   • Airbag  controller   • Machine   • Copiers  
• Video  recorders   systems   • Cruise  control   controllers  
• DVD  players  and   • Appliances   • Medical  devices  
recorders   • Lights  
• Answering  
machines  

Page  26   Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1   27  

Embedded  Computers  

Page  26     28  
Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figure  1-­‐28  
Elements  of  an  Informa&on  System  

Hardware   SoKware   Data  

People   Procedures  

Page  27   Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1   29  

Elements  of  an  Informa&on  System  

Page  27     30  
Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figure  1-­‐29  
Examples  of  Computer  Usage  

Home  User   Small  Office/Home   Mobile  User  

• Personal  financial   Office  User   • Connect  to  other  computers  
management   • Look  up  informa;on   on  a  network  or  the  Internet  
• Web  access   • Send  and  receive  e-­‐mail   • Transfer  informa;on  
• Communica;ons   messages   • Play  video  games  
• Entertainment   • Make  telephone  calls   • Listen  to  music  
• Watch  movies  
 

Pages  28  –  31   31  

Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figures  1-­‐30  –  1-­‐32  
Examples  of  Computer  Usage  

Power  User   Enterprise  User  

•  Work  with   •  Communicate  
mul;media   among  employees  
•  Use  industry-­‐specific   •  Process  high  
soKware   volumes  of  
transac;ons  
•  Blog  

Pages  31  –  32   32  

Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figures  1-­‐33  –  1-­‐34  
Computer  Applica&ons  in  Society  

Educa;on  
Finance  
Government  
Health  Care  
Pages  34  -­‐  36     33  
Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figures  1-­‐36  –  1-­‐39  
Computer  Applica&ons  in  Society  

Science  
Publishing  
Travel  
Manufacturing  
Pages  36  -­‐  38   34  
Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1  
Figures  1-­‐40  –  1-­‐43  
Video:  Computer  History  in  a  Barn  

CLICK  TO  START  

Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1   35  

Summary  

Basic  computer   Components  of  a  

concepts   computer  

Many  different  
Networks,  the   categories  of  
Internet,  and   computers,  computer  
computer  soKware   users,  and  computer  
applica;ons  in  society  
Page  39   Discovering  Computers  2012:  Chapter  1   36  
Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter  1  Complete