Allowances

Shrinkage Allowance

A Shrinkage allowance of 25 mm shall be provided for panel assembly.

Hydrotest Allowance

Hydrotest allowance of 50 mm shall be given for stubs, pipes, tubes and headers for
shop or site hydrotest.

Erection Allowance

Erection allowance as necessary.

Pre Pinching Allowance

A pre pinching allowance of 300 mm shall be given for the shell belt for plate rolling.

Pre Pinching Allowance

A pre pinching allowance of 300 mm shall be given for the shell belt for plate rolling.

Type of Valves
 1. Gate Valve

2. Globe Valve

3. Check Valve or Non-return valve (NRV)

4. Relief Valve

5. Ball Valve

6. Butterfly Valve

Gate Valve

Gate valve is the most frequently used valve in piping system and it is used for primarily on
(or) off.

Globe Valve

Globe valve provides the most effective means to regulate and control the flow.

Check Valve or NRV

Check valve are designed to prevent back flow and it allows fluid in one direction only.

Ball Valve

Check valve are designed to prevent back flow and it allows fluid in one direction only.

Butterfly Valve

Check valve are designed to prevent back flow and it allows fluid in one direction only

Relief Valve

Check valve are designed to prevent back flow and it allows fluid in one direction only
Safety Valve

When the steam pressure exceeds the working pressure Safety valves release pressures,
it automatically vents some steam from the system with the effect that the system
pressure returns to the normal working limit.

Safety valves are uses in the following auxiliaries

1. Steam drum safety valves

2. Super heater safety valves

3. Reheater safety valves

Drum Safety Valve

Safety valves release pressures on the steam drum are set well above the super heater
safety valve to provide a means of protection for the drum, but without a risk of reverse
flow through the super heaters.

Super heater Safety Valve

Safety valves on the super heater main steam line are set below the lowest setting for the
drum safety valve and provide another means of protection by ensuring adequate flow
through the super heater if the steam demand should suddenly and unexpectedly drop.

Reheater Safety Valve

Safety valves, located on the outlet piping, protect the reheater if steam flow through the
reheater is suddenly interrupted.

Electromatric Relief Valve (ERV)

The electromatic relief valve located on the super heater outlet lead downstream from the
spring type safety valves. This relief valve is not included in the total relieving capacity of
the safety valves because it can be isolated from the boiler. It is used to save wear and
tear on the code safety valves. Should the electromatic relief valve start to leak, it can be
shut off from the boiler pressure and repaired. Should the code safety valve leak, they
cannot be repaired without taking the boiler off of the line and totally off of pressure.

Electromatics open first to warn the operator and save wear and tear on the spring safety
valves.

Auto Recirculation Valve (ARV)

Automatic recirculation valves protect centrifugal pumps from damages that may occur
during low-flow operations. Minimum flow protection is accomplished with an automatic,
modulating bypass that assures smooth pump operation between the minimum and maximum
flow point on the pump curve.

ARV reduces power consumption of boiler feed water pumps.

General

1. Steam drum level is controlled by feed control valve.

2. Normal water level (NWL) is 10” below from the steam drum center.