Kinematika dan dinamika

1st half of semester

Lecture note #6: Rigid body in a fixed-axis rotation

Dr. Eng. Radon Dhelika

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Date Topic
5 Feb Intro, displacement, average velocity
kelas 01
6 Feb Instantaneous velocity, acceleration
12 Feb Analysis and sketching of graphs, integration & differentiation
13 Feb Quiz #1, selingan
19 Feb No class
20 Feb Freely falling bodies, projectile motion
26 Feb Projectile motion, rectangular coordinates
27 Feb Circular motion
5 Mar Quiz #2, selingan
6 Mar No class
12 Mar Kinematics of rigid bodies (1)
13 Mar No class
19 Mar Kinematics of rigid bodies (2)
20 Mar Quiz #3, selingan
26 Mar No class
27 Mar UTS 2
Date Topic
8 Feb Intro, displacement, average velocity
kelas 02
9 Feb Instantaneous velocity, acceleration
15 Feb Motion with constant acceleration, integration & differentiation
16 Feb Holiday
22 Feb Quiz #1, selingan
23 Feb No class
1 Mar Freely falling bodies, projectile motion
2 Mar Projectile motion, rectangular coordinates
8 Mar Circular motion, relative velocity
9 Mar Quiz #2, selingan
15 Mar Kinematics of rigid bodies (1)
16 Mar No class
22 Mar Kinematics of rigid bodies (2)
23 Mar Quiz #3, selingan
29 Mar UTS
3
 Recap of previous note
Things to understand:
1. The direction of centripetal
acceleration is toward the
center (radial)
2. The magnitude of centripetal
acceleration
 Rigid body revisited
• Particles: N
– Size is negligible compared to motion
– All forces act through center of gravity
F
– Neglect rotation about center of gravity

mg

• Rigid bodies:
– Points of application, and lines of
application of forces are important
– Rotation and moments about center of G
gravity are important
F
mg
R1 R2
Type of rigid-body plane motion

This course focuses

mainly to this
Degree and radian

180o = π rad
90o = π/2 rad
Direction in rotation

right hand rule

 Comparing equations
straight-line motion vs fixed-axis rotation

Relating linear
motion to rotation:
 Sample problem 1
The graph shows ωz and αz versus time for a
particular rotating body.

During which time intervals is the rotation

speeding up?
a)0 < t < 2
b)2 < t < 4
c)4 < t < 6
During which time interval is the rotation
slowing down?
a)0 < t < 2
b)2 < t < 4
c)4 < t < 6
 Sample problem 2
The angular position of a 0.36-m-diameter flywheel is given
by

a) Find the distance that a particle on the flywheel rim

moves over the time interval from t1 = 2 s to t2 = 5 s
b) Find the instantaneous angular velocities at t = 2 s
 Sample problem 2
a)

b)
 Sample problem 3
You have finished watching a movie on Blu-ray and the disc is
slowing to a stop. The disc’s angular velocity at t = 0 is 27.5 rad/s and
its angular acceleration is a constant -10 rad/s2. A line PQ on the
disc’s surface lies along the +x axis at t = 0.
(a) What is the disc’s angular velocity at t = 0.3 s?
(b) What angle does the line PQ make with the +x axis at this time?
 Sample problem 3
a)

b)
 Linear acceleration in rigid body
rotation

(tangential acceleration of a point

on a rotating body)

(centripetal acceleration of a
point on a rotating body)
 Applications
Examples of rigid body making rotations?
Engines, shafts

Rotating equipments:
•turbines
•gas compressors
•pumps
•fans
•blowers

Ferris wheel

fastest “man-made”
rotation: 107 Hz,
108 rad/s
Sample problem 4
An athlete whirls a discus in a circle of radius 80.0 cm. At a certain
instant, the athlete is rotating at 10 rad/s and the angular speed is
increasing at 50 rad/s2. At this instant, find
a) the tangential and centripetal components of the acceleration of
the discus
b) and the magnitude of the total acceleration
 Sample problem 4

a)

b)
Sample problem 5
You are designing an airplane propeller that is to turn at 2400 rpm.
The forward airspeed of the plane is to be 75 m/s, and the speed of
the tips of the propeller blades through the air must not exceed 270
m/s (This is about 80% of the speed of sound in air. If the speed of
the propeller tips were greater than this, they would produce a lot of
noise.)
a) What is the maximum possible propeller radius?
b) With this radius, what is the acceleration of the propeller tip?
 Sample problem 5

a)

b) The tangential acceleration is zero

because the angular speed is constant