a
algae: aquatic living things which
make their own food.
angiosperm: a flowering plant with
beautiful flowers that produces fruit
with seeds inside.
arthropods: invertebrate animals
with an exoskeleton and a
segmented body.
b cetaceans: aquatic mammals with
bacteria: the smallest and simplest
living things.
bakelite: a plastic material used to
make pan handles because it is not
a good conductor of heat.
birth: the process by which a baby is
born at the end of pregnancy.
bladder: the organ where urine is
stored until it is expelled from the
body.
blood circulation: the constant
movement of blood in the blood
vessels.
blood vessels: the long tubes
distributed throughout our body that
transport blood and the substances
in it.
brain: the organ of the nervous
system that receives and interprets
information from the sense organs,
and sends orders to the locomotor
system.
bulb: an underground stem with
leaves that stores food, like onions
and garlic.
c
carnivores: mammals with sharp
teeth and claws on their feet.
long bodies, fins and a tail.
circulation: the process by which
oxygen and nutrients are moved
throughout your body.
cochlea: a part of the inner ear. It
captures the sound vibrations.
composite: a material made from
two or more materials.
concrete: a resistant material made
of cement and crushed stones and
used in construction.
conductor: a material which
transmits heat very well.
cover: the component that protects
Dmachine.
crop farming: the activity of
cultivating plants to obtain different
products.
crustaceans: arthropods with a hard
exoskeleton and antennae. Many of
them have ten legs.
density: the concentration of matter
in a particular volume.
desert: an area with arid soil,
very little water and few plants.
diaphragm: muscle found under
the lungs that helps in the process
of respiration.
diet: everything a person normally
eats and drinks every day.
digestion: the process by which we
absorb the nutrients our body needs
from food.
dilatation: when you heat something
up and it gets bigger.
elaborated sap: the food that plants
make.
electrical power plant: electricity is
produced from other energy sources
in electrical power plants.
energy source: everything in nature
that can be used to produce energy.
excretion: the process by which you
expel the waste materials that your
body does not use.
exhalation: the breathing movement
by which air is expelled from the
body.
fern: non-flowering plant with large
leaves and an underground stem.
fertilizing: the process in which
farmers add fertilizers to the soil that
contain mineral salts that help plants
to grow.
forest: an area where many trees
grow close together.
friction: the force that slows down
Dmoving object when it is in contact
with another object.
fumigation: the process in which
farmers spray plants with pesticides
to stop insects harming the crops.
fungi: living things that feed on other
living things and cannot move about.
gears: wheels with teeth that
produce movement.
germination: when the embryo
inside a seed begins to grow.
grassland: an area dominated by
grasses.
gravity: the force which attracts all
objects towards the centre of the
Earth.
gymnosperm: flowering plant with
small, simple flowers that does not
produce fruit. Its seeds are grouped
together in cones.
health: a state of physical, mental
and social well-being.
heart: the organ that pumps blood
around the body through the
blood vessels.
heat: the transfer of thermal energy
from something hotter to something
colder.
hygiene: keeping your body clean to
prevent illnesses.
inclined plane: a ramp used to move
heavy objects up or down.
inhalation: the breathing movement
by which air enters the lungs.
insects: arthropods with six legs and
antennae.
insulator: a material which does not
transmit heat very well.
k
kidneys: the organs that filter the
blood and make urine.
leisure activities: things you do for
fun in your free time.
lever: a rigid bar that makes it easier
to move heavy objects.
light: a form of energy that allows us
to see everything around us.
lungs: the organs where oxygen
from the air we breathe passes into
the blood.
mass: the amount of matter in an
object.
mechanism: two or more operating
parts working together.
metamorphosis: transformation
of some animals from larvae to
adults.
moss: non-flowering plant with tiny
stems, leaves and roots.
motor: the component in a complex
machine that produces movement.

neoprene: a flexible, elastic plastic
material used to make wet suits.
nutrients: substances found in food
that our bodies need to grow and
function properly.
nutrition: the life process by which
you obtain all the nutrients and
energy that are necessary for life.
obstetrician: a doctor specialized in
pregnancy.
opaque: light cannot pass through
opaque objects.
operating parts: the moving pieces
of a FRPSOH[machine. They are
used to transmit movement.
optical fibre: a thin, flexible,
transparent thread made of glass
and used in communication and
medicine.
paediatrician: a children’s doctor.
photosynthesis: the process by
which plants make their own food.
ploughing: the process in which
farmers turn the soil to make it ready
for planting.
pollen: the grains IRUPHG in the
stamens of a flower.
pollination: when pollen transfers
from the anther of a flower to the
stigma of another flower.
pregnancy: all the changes that a
woman experiences to develop a
baby inside her body. It lasts about
nine months.
primates: terrestrial mammals with
hands and feet with five fingers and
toes.
pruning: when farmers cut some
branches from trees and bushes.
This helps the rest of the plant to
grow.
pulley: a wheel on a fixed axle and
Drope or a chain. It is used to lift and
lower heavy objects.
PVC: a waterproof plastic material
used to make pipes.
 stolon: specialized stem that
raw sap: the mixture of water and grows horizontally above the
mineral salts that plants absorb
ground, like strawberries.
through their roots.
structure: the part of a machine that
reflection: when light hits an object, supports the other components.
it bounces off the object and
changes direction. Reflected light
allows us to see everything.

refraction: when light bends as it

passes from one material to
another.
reproduction: the life process by
which we reproduce and have
offspring similar to ourselves.
respiration: the process by which we
obtain oxygen from air.
retina: the part of the eye that
captures the light.
rhizome: VSecialized stem that
grows horizontally underground, like
irises.
taste buds: small bumps that cover
the tongue. They capture different
types of flavours.
temperature: tells us how hot or how
cold an object is.
trachea: the tube that connects the
nose and the lungs. Air goes in and
out of our body through the trachea.
translucent: only some light can
pass through translucent objects.
transparent: light passes easily
through transparent objects.

tuber: XQderground stem that

develops roots.

sensitivity: the life process by which

ZH detect and respond to changes
in the environment.
shrubland: an area of vegetation
dominated by bushes.

speed: it tells us how fast an object

moves.
umbilical cord: the tube through
which the baby receives nutrients
and oxygen, and expels waste
substances.

urethra: the tube through which

urine is expelled.

uterus: the female reproductive

organ where a baby grows during
pregnancy.

vegetation: all the plants in an area,

region or country.

volume: amount of space an

object occupies.