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JSS 5855:11;2009 ( Revision 1 )

5855 : 11: 2016

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MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

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JOINT SERVICES SPECIFICATION

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OPTICAL AND ELECTRO-OPTICAL EQUIPMENT

TESTING PROCEDURE

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DIRECTORATE OF STANDARDISATION
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE PRODUCTION
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE,
‘H’ BLOCK, NIRMAN BHAWAN P.O.
NEW DELHI - 110 011

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RECORD OF AMENDMENTS

Amendment Amendment pertains to Authority Amended by Signature

No. Date S.No/ Para No/ Column Name & Appointment &
No. (IN BLOCK LETTERS) Date

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LIST OF MEMBERS ASSOCIATED WITH FORMULATION OF THIS STANDARD

1. This Joint Services Specification has been approved by Maj Gen ------- ADGQA
(Weapon & Instruments), Chairman Instruments Standardisation Sub Committee by
circulation

2. The following members have been present / consulted in approving the document.

S.No. Name and Designation Organisation

1 Brig S D Chowdhury CQA (I), Dehradun

2 IRDE
3 DQA (N)
4 CQA (L)
5 DEE (Navy)
6 Dte Gen of Arty (Arty-7)
7 WE – 7
8 ECS
9 Ord Fy, Dehradun
10 DES AHQ
11 DGEME (Armt –3)
12 DGOS – 16 B
13 DQA(WP)
14 DQA (Arm – 1)
15 CEMILAC, Bangalore
16 E-In.C’s Branch (ESP-3)
17 DGAQA
18 DTE OF STD, New Delhi
19 DTE OF STD, New Delhi
20 DTE OF STD, New Delhi
21 DTE OF STD, New Delhi

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S. No. CONTENTS Page No.

0. FOREWORD 2

1. SCOPE 3

2. ABBREVIATIONS 4

3. RELATED SPECIFICATIONS 4

4. RELATED STANDARDS 8

5. STANDARD PATTERN 12

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6. TERMINOLOGY OF OPTICAL & ELECTRO-OPTICAL
15
7. TERMINOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND DURABILITY

8. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

16
AND MATERIALS USED

9. DRAWINGS 18

10. DIMENSIONS & TOLERANCES 18

11. WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH 20

12. MARKINGS 22

13. PRE-INSPECTION OF STORES 22

22
14. ASPECTS/ CHECKS DURING DGQA EVALUATION

15. ENVIRONMENTAL AND DURABILITY TESTS 40

59
16. DESCRIPTION OF TEST METHOD
256
17. GUIDANCE

18. PACKAGING 341

19. DEFENCE STORES CATALOGUE NUMBER 341

20. SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT 341

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0. Foreword

0.1 This Specification has been prepared by the Instrumentation Standardisation Sub-
committee on the Authority of the Standardisation Committee, Ministry of Defence.

0.2 This is a new Joint Services Specification applicable for Optical, Electro-Optical
Instruments and associated systems.

0.3 This Specification has been approved by the Ministry of Defence and is mandatory for
the purposes of evaluation including Environmental Tests for Optical; Electro Optical and
associated systems.

0.4 This Guide facilitates to acquire and fulfill the qualitative requirements for the Optical
& electro-optical stores used in Services. This helps the manufacturer/ supplier to produce the
store maintaining the desired level of standard. This guide also helps to guide the Inspecting
Officer to assure and to achieve the quality of the optical & electro-optical stores to the stipulated
standard.

0.5 Enquiries regarding this specification in relation to any contractual conditions should be
addressed to the Quality Assurance Authority named in the Tenders or contract. Other
enquiries/suggestions if any, regarding corrections, additions, or amendments should be addressed
to:

The Director,
Directorate of Standardisation,
Ministry of Defence,
‘H’ Block, Nirman Bhawan P.O.,
New Delhi-110 011

0.6 Copies of this specification can be obtained on payment from:

The Director,
Directorate of Standardisation,
Ministry of Defence,
Standardisation Document Centre
Room No. 5, ‘J’ Block,
Nirman Bhawan P.O.,
New Delhi-110 011

0.7 This specification covers various terminologies applicable to Optical & Electro-Optical
systems/ Instruments

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1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers functional parameters, Environmental and durability tests,
useful in the assessment of optical & electro-optical Instruments/ devices and associated systems.

1.2 This specification includes tests & their procedures to be conducted on a particular
instrument/device, the severity to be chosen and the performance to be expected. In case certain
parameters/ test procedures have not been mentioned then International/ Indian standard is to be
referred.

1.3 This JSS furnishes the general requirements only, which are essential to make the
Optical & Electro-Optical equipment up to the desired standards, in accordance with relevant
manufacturing particulars (Drawing and Specifications). The instructions laid down in this guide
are to be read in conjunction with the latest drawings/ specifications of the equipment. The
relevant equipment specification shall specify the test procedure which may be necessary when
applying the tests and also any special procedures which may be required.

1.4 This specification describes standard procedures and conditions for functional and
Environmental tests for Optical & Electro-Optical Instruments/ devices and associated systems.

1.5 This specification includes environmental conditions obtainable in the laboratory, such
that if an item is exposed to these conditions and continues to operate in a satisfactory manner, a
high degree of confidence will have been established that the item could survive the field
environment during its expected operational and storage life. The tests described herein are not to
be interpreted as an exact and conclusive representation of actual operational and storage
conditions. It is also the purpose of this document to standardize environmental tests in order to
obtain, as much as possible, reproducible test results.

1.6 The acceptable performance limits of the equipment when tested are not included in
this specification. The relevant equipment specification shall define the acceptable performance
limits, during and after the specified environmental tests.

1.7 The relevant equipment specification, which is the governing document for production
and supply of the equipment for the users, shall always invoke the tests and conditions laid down
in this specification, to provide a common basis for comparison for performance of various
Optical & Electro-Optical Instruments/devices and associated systems, under Service
environments.

1.8 This specification, in itself, does not constitute an instruction to apply the tests. Such
instructions, together with the incidence and grouping of Equipment for tests for the purposes of
design approval and the acceptance (inspection) shall be specified in the relevant equipment
specification. While conducting any test described in Para 16 of this specification, standard
procedures and conditions of tests shall be followed.

1.9 In Para 16 and elsewhere terms "specified", "as specified", "unless otherwise
specified", "as required", "if required", and "when required" have been used. In such cases the
details shall be as given in the relevant equipment specification.

1.10 This specification covers the object, test equipment, test procedure and the information
to be obtained from relevant equipment specification in respect of all climatic and durability tests
severities. It is essential to tailor and to select the environmental conditions to which Optical &
Electro-Optical Instruments/devices would be subjected during its life cycle which are purely
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based on the end use of the equipment. This shall be borne in mind while applying any test as per
this specification on the test samples.
2. Abbreviations
2.1 To avoid repetition of commonly used terms/ words, certain abbreviations are given
below:-
CQA (I) : Controllerate of Quality Assurance (Instruments)
Raipur, Dehradun -248 008.
CQA (AVL) : Controllerate of Quality Assurance (Armoured Vehicles Electronics)
Avadi.
IS : Indian Standard
JSS : Joint Services Specification
IRDE : Instruments Research & Development Establishment, Dehradun

3. Related Specifications

S.No Specification No./ STD No. Title

1 IS 9000 : Part 1 : 1988 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

(First Revision) electronic and electrical items: Part 1 General
Reaffirmed 2007
2 IS 9000: Part 2: 1977 : Basic environmental testing procedures for
Sec 1 to 4: electronic and electrical items: Part 2
Reaffirmed 2007 Cold test
3 IS 9000: Part 3: 1977 : Basic environmental testing procedures for
Sec 1 to 5: electronic and electrical items: Part 3
Reaffirmed 2007 Dry heat test

4 IS 9000 : Part 4 : 1979 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

Reaffirmed 2007 electronic and electrical items: Part 4
Damp heat (steady state)
5 IS 9000: Part 5: 1981 : Basic environmental testing procedures for
Sec 1 & 2: electronic and electrical items: Part 5
Reaffirmed 2007 Damp heat (cyclic) test

6 IS 9000 :Part 6 : 1978 : Environmental testing procedures for electronic and

Reaffirmed 2007 electrical items: Part 6 Composite
temperature/humidity cyclic test
7 IS 9000: Part 7: 1979 : Basic environmental testing procedures for
Sec 1 to 5: electronic and electrical items: Part 7
Reaffirmed 2007 Impact test

8 IS 9000 : Part 7 : 1988 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

Sec 6 : electronic and electrical items: Part 7 Impact test,
Reaffirmed 2006 Section 6 : Bounce Test

9 IS 9000 : Part 8 : 1981 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

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Reaffirmed 2006 electronic and electrical items: Part 8 Vibration

(sinusoidal) test

10 IS 9000 : Part 9 : 1984 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

Reaffirmed 2007 electronic and electrical items: Part 9 Acceleration
(steady state)

11 IS 9000 : Part 10 : 1979 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

Reaffirmed 2007 electronic and electrical items: Part 10 Mould
growth test (Redesignation of IS:7805-1975)

12 IS 9000 : Part 11 : 1983 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

Reaffirmed 2007 electronic and electrical items: Part 11 Salt mist test

13 IS 9000 : Part 12 : 1981 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

Reaffirmed 2007 electronic and electrical items: Part 12 Dust test

14 IS 9000 : Part 13 : 1981 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

Reaffirmed 2007 electronic and electrical items: Part 13 Low air
pressure test

15 IS 9000: Part 14: 1988 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

Sec 1 to 3: electronic and electrical items: Part 14 Test N:
Reaffirmed 2006 Change of temp

16 IS 9000: Part 15: 1982 : Basic Environmental Testing Procedures for

Sec 1 to 9: Electronic and Electrical Items - Part XV: Sealing
Reaffirmed 2007 Test

17 IS 9000 : Part 16 : 1983 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

Reaffirmed 2007 electronic and electrical items 16 Driving rain test

18 IS 9000 : Part 17 : 1985 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

Reaffirmed 2007 electronic and electrical items: Part 17 Radiation
test

19 IS 9000: Part 18: 1981 : Basic Environmental Testing Procedures for

Sec 1 to 3: Electronic and Electrical Items - Part XVIII : Solder
Reaffirmed 2006, Amd 1 ability Test

20 IS 9000 : Part 19 : : Basic environmental testing procedures for

Sec 1 to 5 : 1986 electronic and electrical items: Part 19 Test U:
Reaffirmed 2007 Robustness of terminations and integral mounting
devices

21 IS 9000 : Part 20 : 1979 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

Reaffirmed 2007 electronic and electrical items: Part 20 Resistance to
cleaning solvents and permanence of markings

22 IS 9000 : Part 21 : 1985 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

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Reaffirmed 2007 electronic & electrical items: Part 21 Acoustics

noise test

23 IS 9000 : Part 22 : 1983 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

Reaffirmed 2007 electronic and electrical items: Part 22 Fine mist test

24 IS 9000 : Part 23 : 1984 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

Reaffirmed 2007 electronic and electrical items: Part 23 Drip proof
test

25 IS 9000 : Part 25 : 1980 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

Reaffirmed 2006 electronic and electrical items: Part 25 Hydrogen
sulphide test for contacts and connections

26 IS 9000 : Part 26 : 1980 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

Reaffirmed 2006 electronic & electrical items: Part26 Sulphur dioxide
test for contacts and connections

27 IS 9000 : Part 27 : 1986 : Basic environmental testing procedures for

Reaffirmed 2007 electronic and electrical items: Part 27 Ultrasonic
cleaning test
28 IS 9000 : Part 31 : 1978 : Basic environmental testing procedures for
Reaffirmed 2007 electronic and electrical items: Part 31 Combined
cold/low air pressure tests

29 IS 10236 : Part 1 : 1989 : Procedure for basic climatic and durability tests for
Reaffirmed 2004 optical instruments: Part 1 General

30 IS 10236 : Part II 1985 : Procedure for Basic Climatic and Durability Tests
Reaffirmed 2004 for Optical Instruments - Part II : Dry Heat Test

31 IS 10236 : Part 3 : 1982 : Procedure for basic climatic and durability test for
Reaffirmed 2004 optical instruments: Part 3 Cold test

32 IS 10236 : Part 4 : 1982 : Procedure for basic climatic and durability test for
Reaffirmed 2004 optical instruments: Part 4 Damp heat test

33 IS 10236 : Part 5 : 1982 : Procedure for basic climatic and durability test for
Reaffirmed 2004 optical instruments: Part 5 Damp heat (cyclic) test

34 IS 10236 : Part 6 : 1982 : Procedure for basic climatic and durability test for
Reaffirmed 2004 optical instruments: Part 6 Salt mist test

35 IS 10236 : Part 7 : 1983 : Procedure for basic climatic and durability test for
Reaffirmed 2004 optical instruments: Part 7 Mould growth test

36 IS 10236 : Part 8 : 1983 : Procedure for basic climatic and durability test for
Reaffirmed 2004 optical instruments: Part 8 Thermal shock (rapid
change of temperature) test

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37 IS 10236 : Part 9 : 1983 : Procedure for basic climatic and durability test for
Reaffirmed 2004 optical instruments: Part 9 Low air pressure
(altitude) test

38 IS 10236 : Part 10 : 1985 : Procedure for basic climatic and durability test for
Reaffirmed 2006 optical instruments: Part 10 Bump test

39 IS 10236 : Part 11 : 1985 : Procedure for basic climatic and durability test for
Reaffirmed 2006 optical instruments : Part 11 Vibration test

40 IS 10236 : Part 12 : 1985 : Procedure for Basic Climatic and Durability Tests
Reaffirmed 2006 for Optical Instruments - Part 12 : Shock Test
41 IS 10236 : Part 13 : 1986 : Procedure for basic climatic and durability test
Reaffirmed 2006 for optical instruments: Part 13 Dust test

42 IS 10236 : Part 14 : 1986 : Procedure for basic climatic and durability test
Reaffirmed 2006 for optical instruments: Part 14 Driving rain
test

43 IS 10236 : Part 15 : 1986 : Procedure for basic climatic and durability test
Reaffirmed 2003 for optical instruments: Part 15 Drop test

44 IS 10236 : Part 16 : 1988 : Procedure for basic climatic and durability test
Reaffirmed 2003 for optical instruments: Part 16 Solar radiation
test

45 IS 10236 : Part 17 : 1988 : Procedure for Basic Climatic and Durability

Reaffirmed 2003 Tests for Optical Instruments - Part 17 :
Acceleration (Steady-State) Test

46 IS 10236 : Part 18 : 1988 : Procedure for Basic Climatic and Durability

Reaffirmed 2003 Tests for Optical Instruments - Part 18 :
Sealing Test

47 JSS 55555-2012 : Environmental test methods for Electronic &

Electrical equipment.

48 MIL-STD-810 G : Environmental test methods & Engineering

Guidelines

49 GSPS - 89 : General staff policy statement- 89

50 GSPS - 138 : General staff policy statement- 138

Note: IS quoted in this JSS shall be read as latest, if revised.

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4. Related Standards
4.1 The standards mentioned in this JSS are revised and updated. The same are to be
considered current and to be taken in use and will be valid for all purposes unless otherwise
specified.
S. No. Specification No. Description

1 IS 5 : 1994 Colors for Ready Mixed Paints and Enamels

2 IS : 349-1991 Lacquer cellulose nitrate clear, finishing glossy for

metal.
3 IS 813 : 1986 Scheme of symbols for welding
(First Revision)
Reaffirmed 2003
4 IS: 919- (Part –I) 1993 Systems of limits and fits Part 1 Bases of tolerance,
(Second Revision) deviations and fits
Reaffirmed 2008
5 IS: 919- (Part –II) 1993 Systems of limits and fits Part 2 Tables of standard
(First Revision) tolerance grades and limit deviations for holes and
Reaffirmed 2008 shafts
6 IS 959 : 1994 Electric soldering irons
(Third Revision)
Reaffirmed 2004
7 IS 988 : 1959 General requirements for optical components
Reaffirmed 2006
8 IS 1067: 1981 Electroplated coatings of silver for decorative and
(Second revision) protective purposes
Reaffirmed 2006
9 IS 1068 : 1993 Electroplated coatings of nickel plus chromium and
(Third Revision) copper plus nickel plus chromium
Reaffirmed 2006
Amd 1
10 IS 1337 : 1993 Electroplated coatings of hard chromium for
(Third Revision) engineering purposes
Reaffirmed 2006, Amd 1

11 IS 1359 : 1992 Electroplated coatings of tin

(Third Revision)
Reaffirmed 2006

12 IS 1369 : Part 1 : 1993 Fasteners - Thread Run-Outs and Undercuts Part 1

(Third Revision) Dimensions for Screw Thread Run-Outs for External
Reaffirmed 2008 ISO Metric Threads

13 IS 1369 : Part 2 : 1993 Fasteners - Thread run-out and undercuts Part 2

(Third Revision) Dimensions for screw thread undercuts for external
Reaffirmed 2008 ISO metric threads

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14 IS 1369 : Part 3 : 1995 Fasteners - Thread Run-Outs and Undercuts Part 3 :

(Third Revision) Dimensions for Screw Thread Run-Outs and
Reaffirmed 2005 Undercuts for Internal Threads (Blind Tapped Holes)

15 IS 1400 : 1960 Specification for Optical Glass

Reaffirmed 2006 Amd 1

16 IS 1572 : 1986 Specification for Electroplated Coatings of Cadmium

(Second Revision) on Iron and Steel
Reaffirmed 2006

17 IS 1573 : 1986 Specification for Electroplated Coatings of Zinc on

(Second Revision) Iron and Steel
Reaffirmed 2006

18 IS 1632 : 1993 Optical Instruments Bubbles.

(First Revision)
Reaffirmed 2003

19 IS 1711 : 1984 Specification for self-closing taps for water supply

(Second Revision) purposes
Reaffirmed 2005

20 IS 1868 : 1996 Anodic Coatings on Aluminum and its Alloys -

(Third Revision) Specification
Reaffirmed 2006

21 IS 2074 : 1992 Ready Mixed Paint, Air Drying, Red Oxide Zinc
(Second Revision) Chrome, Priming – Specification
Reaffirmed 2002
Amds 2

22 IS 2075 : 2000 Ready Mixed Paint, Stoving, Red Oxide Zinc

(Second Revision) Chrome, Priming – Specification
Reaffirmed 2007 Amd 1

23 IS 2102 : Part 1 : 1993 General tolerances Part 1 Tolerances for linear and
(Third Revision) angular dimensions without individual tolerance
Reaffirmed 2008 indications

24 IS 2754 : 1964 General requirements for optical instruments

Reaffirmed 2006
Amds 2

25 IS 2927 : 1975 Specification for brazing alloys

(First Revision)
Reaffirmed 2003
Amd 1

26 IS 3266 : 1982 Electroplated coatings of gold for general

(First Revision) engineering purposes
Reaffirmed 2006

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27 IS 3457 : 1987 Radii for Rounding for general engineering purposes

(First Revision)
Reaffirmed 2007

28 IS 3618 : 1966 Phosphate treatment of iron & steel for protection

Reaffirmed 2007 against corrosion.

29 IS 4218 : Part 1 : 2001 ISO General Purpose Metric Screw Threads - Part 1 :
Re-affirmed 2006 Basic Profile

30 IS 4218 : Part 2 : 2001 ISO General Purpose Metric Screw Threads - Part 2 :
Reaffirmed 2006 General Plan

31 IS 7011: 1973 Specification for Back-silvered Mirrors Used in

Reaffirmed 2006 Instrument Industry
Amd 2
32 IS 8982 : 1991 Ready mixed paint, finishing air drying for war
(First Revision) equipment
Reaffirmed 2007
Amds 2
33 IS 8983 : 1978 Ready mixed paint, finishing, stoving for war
Reaffirmed 2004 equipment.

34 IS 9514 : 1980 or CII:245 Specification for Front Surface Aluminized Mirrors

Reaffirmed 2006

35 IS : 10236 (Part-I to 18) Procedure for basic climatic and durability test for
(Latest ) (Since IS : 2352 optical instruments various tests described in
has been withdrawn) separate leaf let.
36 IS 12713 : 1989 Optical Instruments-permissible Cosmetic Defects
Reaffirmed 2004
[
and Inspection of Optical Components

37 IS 10714 : 1983 General principles of presentation on technical

Reaffirmed 1999 Amd 1 drawings

38 IS 10719 : 1983 Method of indicating surface texture on technical

Reaffirmed 2004 drawings

39 JSS:8030-32-1986 Sealing compound APC No. 81 Luting Optical No. 1

Reaffirmed 1993 Mk-I - R01253

40 JSS:9150-16-1993 Grease X G-271

41 IND/SL/3264 Varnish special fungicide.

42 IS: 2500-1 (2000) Sampling Procedure for Inspection by Attributes

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4.2 Copies of the Indian Standards may be obtained on payment from:-

Bureau of Indian Standards
Manak Bhawan
9, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg
New Delhi – 110 002 or
their regional/branch offices.

4.3 Copies of the JSS may be obtained on payment from:-

The Director,
Directorate of Standardisation,
Standardisation Documentation Centre
Room No. J-5 ‘J’ Block, Nirman Bhawan P.O.,
New Delhi-110 011

4.4 Copies of the Department Specification/Drg/Test Schedule/ATP may be obtained

from:-
The Controller
CQA(I) Raipur,
Dehradun – 248 008

4.5 Russian Specification i.e. GOST, OST, Ty. etc . for Instruments can be obtained from:-
(i) The Controller
CQA(I) Raipur,
Dehradun – 248 008
(ii) The Controller
CQA(HV) Avadi - 54

4.6 Specification for new equipment developed by DRDO can be obtained from:-
The Director,
IRDE, Dehradun – 248 008

4.7 Copies of the IND/SL/3264 are obtainable on payment from:-

The Controller,
CQA(M)
Post Box No. 229,
Kanpur-208 001

4.8 Copies of the MIL are obtainable on payment from:-

Book Supply Bureau,
A-68, South Extension Part-I
New Delhi- 110 019

5. Standard Pattern
5.1 The Standard Pattern, if available, may be obtained from Quality Assurance Authority
viz Controllerate of Quality Assurance (Instruments), Raipur, Dehradun – 248008 and shall be
used as a general guide w.r.t any particulars noted or defined in this specification, unless
otherwise stated.

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6. Terminology of Optical & Electro-Optical Technology

For the purpose of this specification, the following definitions shall apply: -

6.1 Threshold of Vision – The minimum perceptible luminance for the fully dark adapted
eye. This threshold usually lies between 10-4 and 10-3 lux for an extended field.

6.2 Visual Acuity (Resolving Power) – Acuity or sharpness of vision is the ability of the
eye to distinguish fineness of details and is measured by the minimum angular separation, which
permits resolution for two point objects. Generally visual acuity of human eye is 1 minute.

6.3 Brightness or Luminosity – The attribute of visual sensation according to which an

area appears to emit more or less light.

6.4 Candela (Cd) – The unit of luminous intensity. It is of such a magnitude that the
luminance of a full radiator (black body) at the temperature of solidification of platinum is 60
units of luminous intensity per square centimeter.

6.5 Foot Candle – A unit of illumination. An illumination on one lumen per square foot.

6.6 Foot-Lambert – A unit of luminance. It is equal to the luminance of a uniform

diffuser emitting or reflecting one lumen per square foot.

6.7 International Candle – The former unit of luminous intensity derived from the Carcel
and Pentane lamps and maintained by means of carbon filament electric lamps by the national
standardizing laboratories of UK, USA and France. It has been replaced since 1948 by Candela
by international agreement, the two being related by the equation 60 cd = 59.8  0.2 international
candles.

6.8 Lambert – A unit of luminance. It is equal to the luminance of a perfectly uniform

diffusing surface emitting or reflecting one lumen per square centimetre.

6.9 Lumen (lm) – The unit of luminous flux. It is the flux emitted in a unit solid angle of
one steradian by a point source having a uniform intensity of one candela.

6.10 Luminance (l) at a point of a Surface in a Given Direction – The quotient of the
luminous intensity in a direction of an element of the surface containing the point, by the area of
the orthogonal projection of this element on a plane perpendicular to the direction; and expressed
in candela per unit area. It is a measure of the physical stimulus of the radiation as contrasted with
the term brightness or luminosity, which refers to the visual sensation.
6.11 Lux – The practical unit of illumination. It is one lumen per square meter.
6.12 Photometry – The branch of Applied Physics dealing with the measurement of the
luminous intensities of light sources and illumination of surface.
6.13 Radiant Flux – Power emitted, transferred or received in the form of radiation.

6.14 Blooming – Deposition of thin films of fluorides of certain alkali earth metals to a
thickness of quarter wavelength for reducing surface reflection losses.

6.15 Centering – The process of mounting a lens for edging so that the mechanical axis of
rotation is coincident with the optical axis.

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6.16 Collimation – The process of aligning the various parts of an optical system to
maintain coincidence of mechanical axis and optical axis.

6.17 Lens - A refracting medium bounded by two surfaces of which one or both may be
spherical, aspheric or cylindrical. Each of these surfaces may be convex, concave and one of the
surfaces may be plane.

6.18 Achromatic Lens – A combination of lenses having such powers and different
refractive indices as to bring rays of two colours of the spectrum to a single focus.

6.19 Astigmatic Lens – A photographic lens corrected for astigmatism for one obliquity
and providing a reasonably flat field of good definition.

6.20 Aspheric Lens – A lens whose surfaces (either one or both), are given different
curvatures at different zones to eliminate spherical aberration and to obtain better correction of the
optical system in which it is used.

6.21 Eye Lens – The lens or system of lenses closest to the eye in an eyepiece.

6.22 Eyepiece – A lens system used in an optical and electro-optical instrument nearest to
the eye for observing the image formed by the objective.

6.23 Field Lens – A lens in an optical and electro-optical instrument system farthest from
the eye and used to collect the rays of the image field at large angles.

6.24 Reticle (Graticule) – Optically polished glass marked with reference lines or patterns,
suitably positioned in the focal plane of optical system for precise estimation/ measurement.

6.25 Positive Lens – A lens, which converges the incident light rays.

6.26 Negative Lens – A lens, which increases the divergence or decreases the convergence
of the incident light.

6.27 Objective – The lens or system of lenses in an optical instrument, which forms a real
image of the object under observation.

6.28 Auto-collimator – An instrument, which combines the functions of a collimator and

telescope.
6.29 Collimator – An optical device consisting of an objective and a reticule in its focal
plane to simulate the conditions of an object at infinity and used for the alignment of optical
systems.

6.30 Definition – The clarity with which an object can be seen through an optical system
with freedom from various aberrations.

6.31 Dioptre (Lensatic) – The unit of power of a lens. It is equal to the reciprocal of the
focal length expressed in meters.

6.32 Dioptre (Prismatic)- The unit of power of a prism. It is equal to a deviation of one
centimeter at a distance of one meter.

6.33 Exit Pupil – It is measure of aperture of image of the entrance pupil by the optical
system.
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6.34 Field of View – The extent of the object space, in angular measure, that can be viewed
through the instrument.

6.35 F-Number – The ratio of the focal length to the aperture of the lens.

6.36 Inter-ocular Distance – The distance between the centers of exit pupils of a binocular
instrument.
6.37 Least Distance of Distinct Vision – The minimum distance at which the eye can
distinctly see an object with comfort.

6.38 Numerical Aperture – An optical constant defined as being equal to, the product of
the refractive index of the object space and the sine of half the apical angle of the cone of light,
covered by the objective.

6.39 Resolving Power – The minimum angular linear separation between two object points
at which they can be observed as distinct and separate.

6.40 Optical Transfer Function (OTF)-OTF is the measure of an imaging system’s ability
to recreate the spatial frequency content of a scene. OTF is the function expressed in terms of
Fourier transform (FT) of the line-spread function (LSF).
OTF = FT (LSF).

6.41 Modualation Transfer Function (MTF)-The absolute value of OTF is called the
Modulation Transfer Function (MTF). The MTF is defined for each spatial frequency (Cy/mrad).
The image of a 100% contrast sinusoidal object has a contrast equal to the MTF for the same
frequency.

6.42 MRTD: Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference. This can be expressed/

approximated using the following equation.
MRTD = K(f) x NETD / MTF
K(f) = A constant dependant on the spatial resolution of the unit under test.

6.43 LASER: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

6.44 NETD: Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference.

6.45 FLIR System: Forward Looking Infrared System

6.46 Detection: An object is present

6.47 Recognition: The class to which the object belongs to may be discerned (e.g. Truck,
Man, House etc.)

6.48 Identification: The Target can be described to the limit of the observer’s knowledge
(e.g. Pick up Truck, policeman etc).

7. Terminology of Environmental & Durability

7.1 Ambient Temperature: The temperature of the air within the chamber or room
surrounding the equipment.

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7.1.1 For Non-Heat Dissipating Equipment - The temperature of the medium surrounding
the equipment.

7.1.2 For Heat Dissipating Equipment - Where the conditions are those of ideal cooling by
convection, the temperature of the medium at such a distance from the equipment that the effect of
dissipation is negligible.
Note: 1. In practice it is taken as the average of temperatures measured at a number of
points in a horizontal plane through a point 0 mm to 50 mm below the equipment at
half the distance between the equipment and the wall of the test chamber or at 1 m
distance, whichever is less.

2. If forced circulation is used in the testing of heat dissipating equipment, the

concept of ambient temperature is no longer valid. Under these conditions, the testing
should be based on the specification of the surface temperature or on the requirements
of the relevant equipment specification.

7.2 Conditioning - The exposure of equipment to an environmental condition, in order to

determine the effect of such a condition on it.

7.3 Initial Measurements - The measurements made prior to a test to determine the
characteristics of the equipment.

7.4 Final Measurement - The final measurement made at the conclusion of a test to make
comparison with the initial measurement will show the effect on the equipment.
Note: Final measurement made at the end of one test to be taken as the initial
measurement for the subsequent tests.

7.5 Heat Dissipating Equipment - For the purpose of environmental testing, an

equipment is considered as heat dissipating when the hottest point on its surface, measured in free
air conditions, is more than 5 deg C above the ambient temperature of the surrounding atmosphere
after temperature stability has been reached.
Note: Measurement required to prove that an equipment can be regarded as non-heat
dissipating, can be made in normal laboratory conditions, if care has been taken that no
outside influence (for example, draughts or sunlight) affects the measurements. In the
case of large or complicated Equipment, it may be necessary to make measurements at
several points.
7.6 Performance checks - Tests specified in the relevant equipment specification, in
order to check the performance of an equipment initially, during the conditioning & immediately
after it.
7.7 Preconditioning - The treatment of an equipment with the object of removing or
partly counteracting the effects of its previous history. Wherever, called for, it is the first process
in the test procedure.
7.8 Recovery - The treatment of an equipment, after conditioning, in order that the
properties of the equipment may be stabilized before final measurement.

7.9 Relevant Equipment Specification - A document specially drawn up or provided

which lays down the characteristics and performance capabilities of an equipment under specified
conditions of operation and storage as required by the Services.

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7.10 Temperature Stability - Temperature stability has been reached when the temperature
of all the parts of the equipment are within 3 deg C, or as otherwise specified, of their final
temperature.
7.10.1 For non-heat dissipating equipment, the final temperature will be the mean (in time)
temperature of the chamber in which the equipment is placed.

7.10.2 For heat dissipating equipment it is necessary to make repeated measurements to

ascertain the interval of time required for the temperature to change 3 deg C or as otherwise
specified. Temperature stability has been reached when the ratio between consecutive intervals
exceeds 1.7.
Note:
1. Where the thermal time constant of the equipment is short compared with
the duration of the exposure to a given temperature, no measurement is needed.
2. Where the thermal time constant of the equipment is of the same order as
the duration of the exposure, checks should be made to ascertain :-
a) That non-heat dissipating Equipment are within the required limit
from the mean (in time) temperature of the atmosphere in which the
equipment is placed.
b) That for heat dissipating Equipment the ratio between two
consecutive time intervals exceeds 1.7 when repeated measurements are
made to ascertain the interval of time required for the temperature to change
by 3 deg C or as specified.

3. In practice, it may not be possible to make direct measurements of the

internal temperature of the equipment. A check may then be made by measuring some
other parameter which is temperature dependent and for which the law of temperature
dependence is known.

7.11 Tests - A complete series of operations covered under a test heading.

7.12 Test Chamber - An enclosure in which the equipment can be exposed to the specified
environmental test conditions.

7.13 Test Procedure - A complete series of operations covered shall normally consist of
the following:-
a) Preconditioning (where required).
b) Initial measurements (where required).
c) Conditioning, including performance check (when specified).
d) Recovery.
e) Final measurements.
7.14 Visual Examination - Visual examination is generally made before undertaking the
Test and after, and subsequently after conditioning in each test. During the visual examination of
the equipment, defects in construction, the presence of foreign bodies, moisture, dust, etc,
corrosion of metal parts and any form of deterioration of materials and finishes, distortion or
mechanical imperfections shall be noted.
7.15 Working Space - That part of the test chamber in which the specified environmental
test conditions can be maintained within the specified tolerances.

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8. Special Requirements for Optical Instruments and materials used

8.1 The Optical Glass used for lenses and other Optical Components shall be of best
quality, fully annealed, colourless, free from flaws and strain and shall conform to IS: 1400 -
1960.
8.2 The following grades of Optical Glasses shall be adopted for various components,
unless otherwise mentioned in the relevant particulars:-
S. No. Component Grade of Glass
8.2.1. Object Glass blank of size up to 80 mm Dia and Bb
10mm thickness.
8.2.2. Field lens & Eye lens Bb
8.2.3. Prism blank of volume 15000 or less. Bb
8.2.4. Prism blank of Volume less than 1500 cc but more Bc
than 150 cc
8.2.5. Prism blank of Volume less than 1500 cc but more Cc
than 150 cc
8.2.6. Object Glass Blank of size more than 80mm Dia Bc
8.2.7. Window/Cover Plates Bb
8.2.8 Reticle (Graticule) Aa

8.3 Back silvered mirrors where used, shall conform to IS:7011-1973.

8.4 The cement used for cementing Optical Components shall be hard, durable and
colourless. It shall not discolour with age and shall not crack, flake or perish when cemented
components are subjected to temperature tests at -30°C and +70°C and shall not have any
entrapped bubble.

8.5 Unless otherwise specified, the surfaces of all Optical Components, except the
following shall be coated with anti-reflection film:-
8.5.1 Reticle surfaces bearing markings.
8.5.2 Surface to be cemented.
8.5.3 Reflecting surfaces of prisms.
8.6 Anti-reflection coating on optical surfaces shall conform to IS: 988.

8.7 All internal surfaces of the instruments, except bearing surfaces and optics shall have
black anodizing and be painted dull black to minimize reflection. The paint shall not flake, crack
or perish under specified environmental tests.
8.8 The ground unpolished edges of the prisms and lenses shall be painted with thoroughly
adherent dull black paint, unless otherwise stated.
8.9 Front surface aluminized mirrors wherever used shall conform to IS: 9514-1980.
8.10 Spirit bubbles, wherever used shall conform to IS: 1632-1960.

9. Drawings
9.1 All the drawings are prepared in the First/Third Angle Projection.
10. Dimensions & Tolerances
10.1 Only metricated drawings are to be used for manufacturing a store. SI units will be
adopted for all dimensions, unless otherwise stated.
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10.2 Tolerances on whole and decimal dimensions shall be clearly and separately indicated.

10.3 General tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerances
indications shall be taken as per IS: 2102-1993.

10.4 Optical glass used for the optical components shall conform to IS:1400-1960 or latest.

10.5 The equivalent focal length, the relative aperture of the lens or lens combination and
the back focal length of the lens or lens combination shall not vary by more than ± 5
percent of the nominal value.
10.6 The center thickness of a positive lens shall not be less than one ninth and that of a
negative lens one twelfth of the Diameter of the lens. Further, the edge thickness of a
positive lens shall not be less than 1.0 mm.

10.7 For general requirements for Optical components IS: 988-1959 may be referred.

10.8 General requirements of optical instruments shall be in conformity with IS: 2754-1964.

10.9 Prism
10.9.1 The angles of the prism shall be correct to the specified values to within ± 3 minutes
for 90° Angles and to within ± 5 minutes for other Angles.
10.9.2 The deviation angles shall be correct to within ± 5 minutes for other Angles.
10.9.3 The Pyramidal error shall not exceed ± 3 minutes.

10.9.4 A 90° roof angle shall not form a double image when tested with a Goniometer having
accuracy of 1”. The roof angle shall be accurate to the specified value mentioned in
Drg/ Specn.

10.9.5 In case of a Rhomboid prism, the parallelism of faces shall be correct to within
± 10 seconds.

10.9.6 Equivalent optical path shall be correct to within ± 5 percent of the nominal values.

10.9.7 Flatness of polished surfaces shall be such as to give not more than 1 fringe per 25 mm
when tested with a test plate.
10.10 Reticle

10.10.1 The surface of the Reticle (Blank) shall be Plain parallel to within 30 seconds except
when the reticle pattern is formed on a curved surface.

10.10.2 The edges of the lines of the reticle pattern shall be sharp and well defined. The lines
shall be of uniform density when filled or painted. The size of breaks, if any, in lines
of the pattern shall not exceed half the width of the corresponding line, and the number
of such breaks shall not exceed three per reticle.
10.10.3 The width of the reticle lines shall be within ± 5 percent of the specified value.
10.10.4 The spacing between the lines of reticle shall be correct to within ± 5 percent of the
specified value.
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10.11 Mirrors
10.11.1 Finished surfaces of mirrors assembled in or near the focal plane of instruments shall
be visibly free from particles, pin holes or scratches.

10.11.2 The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror shall be within ± 5 percent.

10.11.3 The image shall be well defined and free from distortion of any kind.

10.11.4 In the case of spherical or parabolic mirrors required for high precision work, the
figuring over each zone of the mirror shall pass the Foucault’s Knife Edge test.

10.12 Optical Filters

10.12.1 The thickness of the filter material shall not vary by more than ± 0.1 mm from the
specified values.
10.12.2 The departure from parallelism between the two surfaces of a filter shall not exceed 1
minute.
10.12.3 The transmission co-efficient of the filters shall be within ± 5 percent of the specified
value.

10.13 Plates (Parallel and Prismatic)

10.13.1 Lack of parallelism of the two faces of a parallel plate shall not exceed ± 30 seconds.
10.13.2 The plate shall be free from lensatic error exceeding ± 0.25 Dioptre.
10.13.3 The deviation angle of a wedge shaped or prismatic plate shall be within ± 30 seconds
of the nominal value. The lensatic error in the case of these kinds of plates shall not
exceed ± 0.25 Diopter.

11. Workmanship and Finish

11.1 In order to allow for Tool wear, a radius or chamfer, not exceeding 0.5 mm will be
permitted at the bottom of the blind holes except otherwise stated.

11.2 All unwanted sharp corners, edges and burrs are to be removed and the workmanship
shall conform to IS: 3457-1987 or latest.

11.3 No patching or plugging to hide the defects shall be done without the authority of the
Quality Assurance Officer.
11.4 Surface Finish Imperfections, of Cosmetic quality on Optical surfaces of optical
components such as lenses, prisms, mirrors, reticles, windows and filters etc.
(including coated surfaces) in the form of scratches, digs, dust or other blemishes, fall
under two main categories; first, the functional defects which are either situated in the
immediate neighborhood of an image plane or which may contribute to a reduction in
system performance (e.g. by causing scatters) and second, the cosmetic defects that are
objectionable solely on aesthetic grounds.

11.4.1 Cosmetic defects are dealt within IS: 12713-1989 or latest.

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11.4.2 Polished surfaces shall be highly polished and shall not show any grayness or stain.
These shall be reasonably free from surface defects like scratches, sleeks, digs and pits
conforming to IS: 12713-1989 or latest.
11.5 Finishes (Special & General)
All brass components shall be bronzed dull black unless otherwise stated.

11.5.1 All steel and Iron components shall be phosphate treated before painting as per
IS:3618-1966 or latest.
11.5.2 All the Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy components shall be anodised conforming to
IS:1868 - 1996 Grade AC-15 or latest.
11.5.3 Lacquer, wherever used shall conform to IS: 349-1991 or latest, unless otherwise
stated.
11.5.4 Grease when applied shall conform to JSS: 9150-16-1993 or latest Part No. being XG-
271 (H1/9150-000003). The Grease used should not get hardened at -30°C and should
not flow at + 70°C.
11.5.5 Paints and varnishes wherever used as surface finish materials, shall be of the best
quality and shall not deteriorate or peel off when subjected to climatic and durability
tests. Painted surfaces shall be such as to form thoroughly adherent continuous film,
free from breaks, runs or patches.

11.5.6 All surfaces except the mating surfaces shall be painted as per colour code ISC No.
294 of IS:5-1994.

11.5.6.1 IS 1337:1993 Electroplated coatings of hard chromium for engineering

(Third Revision) purposes
Reaffirmed 2006, Amd 1

11.5.6.2 IS 1068:1993 Electroplated coatings of nickel plus chromium and copper

(Third Revision) plus nickel plus chromium
Reaffirmed 2006, Amd 1

11.5.6.3 IS 1573:1986 Specification for Electroplated Coatings of Zinc on Iron

(Second Revision) and Steel
Reaffirmed 2006

11.5.6.4 IS 3266:1982 Electroplated coatings of gold for general engineering

(First Revision) purposes
Reaffirmed 2006

11.5.6.5 IS 1359:1992 Electroplated coatings of tin

(Third Revision)
Reaffirmed 2006

11.5.6.6 IS:1572-1986 Specification for Electroplated Coatings of Cadmium on

(Second Revision) Iron and Steel
Reaffirmed 2006

11.5.6.7 IS: 1067-1981 Electroplated coatings of silver for decorative and

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(Second Revision) protective purposes

Reaffirmed 2006

11.5.7 All the surfaces to be painted shall be given Primer Coats.

11.6 Air Drying Paints and Primer

The Primer shall be as per IS:2075-1979 and the paint shall be as per IS:8982-1978
(colour code is ISC:294 to IS:5-1991).

11.7 Stoving Paints/ Primer

The Primer shall be as per IS: 2075-1979 and the paint shall be as per IS:8983-1978
(colour code is ISC:294 to IS:5-1991).
11.7.1 Optical Luting wherever specified shall conform to JSS: 8030-32-1986.

11.7.2 When specified in the drawings/specification for the Electroplated coatings/ finish, the
relevant IS-Specns be referred.

12. Markings
12.1 Each store shall be marked the following information, legibly, as indicated in the
drawing:-
12.1.1 Designation of the store.
12.1.2 Cat/Part No. of the store.
12.1.3 Manufacturers/ Supplier Code.
12.1.4 Year of supply.
12.1.5 Registered Number.
12.2 The components/parts, which are Provided Items, (‘P’ items) shall be marked with
their Cat/Part Number at any suitable place, wherever practicable.

13. Pre-Inspection of Stores/ Consignment

13.1 Manufacturers/Suppliers must satisfy themselves that the Equipment are in accordance
with the terms of the contract and fully conform to the required specifications by carrying out a
thorough pre-inspection of each lot before actually tendering the same for inspection to the
Quality Assurance Officer nominated under the terms of the contract. A declaration by the
manufacturer/supplier that necessary pre-inspection has been carried out on the stores tendered,
will be submitted along with the challan (Offering Letter)/ QCC. The declaration will also indicate
the method followed in carrying out pre-inspection showing the features checked/ tested and will
have the test certificate attached to the challan/QCC.

13.2 If the Quality Assurance Officer finds that pre-inspection of the consignment as
required above has not been carried out, the consignment is liable for rejection.

14. Aspects Check during DGQA Evaluation

14.1. Day Vision Instruments
The following parameters to be checked during technical evaluation:-
(a) Visual
(b) Mechanical/ Physical
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(c) Electrical
(d) Functional and Operational Characteristics
(i) Definition
(ii) Resolution
(iii) FOV
(iv) Magnification
(v) Diopter Setting
(vi) Collimation
(vii) Verticality of Reticle
(viii) Verticality of Image
(ix) Parallax
(x) Reticle pattern
(xi) Movement of Reticle (Zeroing Arrangement)
(xii) Eye Clearance
(xiii) Transmission
14.1.1 Visual Checks
(a) External
(i) Loose, missing or damaged components.
(ii) Finishing/markings.
(iii) Deterioration of rubber components.
(iv) Completeness as per the list of components/accessories.
(v) Marking/ Name plate/ Engraving of Description, parts No., Regd No., year
of manufacturing and initials at suitable place on the equipment/device.
(b) Internal
(i) Broken, chipped, scratch on objective glass, eye-piece and reticule etc.
(ii) Deterioration of blooming & cementing.
(iii) Dirt, dust, filming and fungus on optical surface of OG and eye-piece.
(iv) Non-uniformity, lack of sharpness and clarity of reticule.
14.1.2 Mechanical
Check the regular and smooth movement of the following:-
(a) Fitment/ removal of OG cap cover.
(b) Eye-piece and objective glass focusing.
(c) Reticule adjusting knobs.
(d) Removal/ replacement of batteries
(e) Operation of switches, Potentiometer knob-for reticule illumination and
brightness control of LED.
(f) Mechanical dimensions should be as per drawings/ Specn.
(g) There should be no play between mating mounts after clamping.
(h) No idle movement of the reticule is allowed within central half zone.
(i) All screws/grub screws shall be tightened properly.
(j) Weight should be as per drawings/ Specn.

14.1.3 Electrical
(a) ON/ OFF switch operation.
(b) Reticule illumination and brightness control.
(c) Endurance of Battery.
(d) Low Voltage Battery Indicator (LBI).
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(e) Type of Battery (Normal, Sub-zero temp) & its rating as per specn.
(f) Battery Charger.

14.1.4 Functional and Operational Characteristics

(a) Definition. The Definition of Equipment/device shall be checked against
Collimator No.2 MK-I fitted with Definition pattern illuminated with requisite light
source. The definition pattern should be well defined covering at least 2/3rd area of
FOV of the equipment/device.
(b) Resolution. The power of a system that can just be resolved or separated to
minimum angle between two points. The larger this angle the smaller the resolving
power. This test is carried out against USAF-1951 resolution chart at a specified light
level and contrast. Corresponding group/element value of least separated lines to be
taken from table as resolution parameter of the equipment/device in term of m-rad.
Note: Any other internationally accepted method is also be adopted.
(c) Magnification. Lay the Auxiliary Telescope on Collimator and count the
number of markings of collimator reticle over the horizontal reticle line of the
Auxiliary Telescope. Say it is “x”. Now, interpose the equipment/device under test
between Collimator and Auxiliary Telescope and again count the number. Say it is “y”.
Then magnification will be given by:-
Magnification = y/x
Note: Any other internationally accepted method is also be adopted.

(d) FOV. Mount the equipment/device rigidly on the ITS and lay one edge of
visible field of view/Target on the vertical line of the reticle of Collimator, which is
illuminated by a diffused light source. Note down the ITS reading. Traverse the ITS
and lay the other end of the FOV on the same vertical line. Again note down the ITS
reading. Thus difference in two ITS readings will measure the FOV.
Note: Any other internationally accepted method is also be adopted.
(e) Diopter check To be checked with dioptrometer or with various dioptric
lens. Lay the equipment/device against definition collimator. Rotate the eye piece
towards one end to the maximum limit. Adjust dioptrometer for best definition by
putting it on eye-piece of the system. Note down the reading. Now again rotate the
eye-piece towards the other end, to the maximum limits, and adjust dioptrometer for
best definition. Again note down the reading. The above two readings will indicate
±diopter of the Equipment/device. The same procedure can be adopted by putting
various power lens in place of dioptrometer for best definition and note down dioptric
power of the lens used. Generally ± 5 diopter is recommended for the
Equipment/device system.
(f) Collimation. The Collimation of the equipment/device along with its
Mount is tested with the help of a Collimator and General Purpose (GP) Collimator.
The collimation of the equipment/device should be within ± 5 minutes of an arc.
For example: The collimation of the equipment/devices which are fitted with dovetail
to be checked by mounting it on a adopter fitted with mating dovetail on a ITS/ TTS
placed between two similar Collimators kept on the same horizontal plane and
perfectly leveled facing each other 180º apart.

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Now look through the equipment/device and match the central mark of /device to
the centre mark on the reticle of one of the Collimators, Equipment/device is now
remounted to face the second Collimator i.e. the direction of the equipment/device is
reversed by 180º. Again observed through the equipment/device and check that the
centre falls on the same reference point of 2nd Collimator.
Deviation in general, should not be more than ±5 minutes.

(g) Verticality of Reticle. Lay the equipment/device with rubber OG cap cover
on with two of three holes blocked temporarily, on a testing chart placed behind
vertical plumb line at approximately 5 m (well illuminated). Now align the vertical
bore equipment/device line of the reticle on the plumb line, Move the reticle of the
equipment/device vertically with the help of reticle Knob top to bottom and vice versa
and verify the displacement of bore equipment/device line with respect to the plumb
line for calculated distance and note the shift from vertical axis. The verticality of
reticle shall be within 30´of arc.
(h) Verticality of Image. To carry out this test, two plumb lines positioned 90º
apart at approx. 5 m distance are used in a well illuminated room. One plumb line is
placed facing the OG of the equipment/device and other facing in the eye-piece
assembly direction. The image of the plumb line is seen through the equipment/device
(with OG rubber cap cover with two of three holes blocked i.e only one hole opened)
and the other plumb line is seen directly through other eye. The image of plumb line
and other plumb line are fused together psychologically. Any angular deviation
between two shall not exceed 30´ of the arc.
(i) Parallax. It is the apparent movement between Image seen through the
equipment/device and object seen directly through the eye. The equipment/device
reticle shall be checked for parallax against Collimator which is illuminated with low
light source. There shall be no parallax between the equipment/device reticle and the
reticle of Collimator. However equipment/device parallax within 30 sec shall be
considered acceptable.
(j) Reticle Pattern. The reticle pattern should be as per drawings/specification
it should be distinctly visible at various specified light conditions.

(k) Zeroing Arrangement. The equipment/device should have arrangement for

zeroing wherever applicable. (i.e. provision of movement of reticle in horizontal or
vertical axis).
(l) Eye clearance. This is the distance from where complete FOV can be
seen clearly without shifting the observer’s eye. This shall be measured by focusing
the light glow at the exit pupil of eye piece. The distance from sharp focus to the
external surface of the eye piece will measure the correct eye clearance. Generally its
value should be 18 to 25 mm.

(m) Transmission. Method of finding Integrated visible transmission, when

spectral transmission is known. The spectral transmission values, measured by
Spectro-photo meter at each Wavelength, are multiplied by the value of sensitivity at
the corresponding wavelength obtained from standard relative spectral luminous
efficiency curve (Vλ curve) and the values so obtained are plotted in a graph. The ratio
of the area under this curve and the area under Vλ curve multiplied by 100 gives
integrated visible transmission.

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% integrated visible transmission = A x 100/B

V Curve
(Normal Visible Distribution
Curve)

Sensitivity Modified
Curve

380 nm Wave length 780 nm

The method for determination of para-axial light transmission of the optical instruments
such as telescope microscope or any optical system shall be adopted as per Appx ‘B’ of clause
3.4.4 of IS: 2754-1964. The method is elaborated as given below:

Measurement of Paraxial Transmission Factor of a Telescope

Apparatus of measure the paraxial transmission factor is given below.

An enlarged image of the filament of the 40-watt lamp G (see Fig) is formed at a
diaphragm S, by the condensing lens system L 1. Collimating Lens L2 is of about 250mm focal
length whose focus is situated at S. The diaphragm at S may consist of a set of small circular holes
ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 mm in diameter, mounted in slide. A rotating shutter D is located close to
S and may snap into any one of the three positions. In position (1), it given clear passage to the
beam and in position (2) it totally cuts off the beam. In position (3), the light beam enters another
25