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How is society different from nature?

NATURE - CONJURES AN IMAGE OF RANDOM AND UNSTRUCTURED FORCES THAT


SHAPE A GIVEN AREA.

SOCIETY - IS ORGANIZED, STRUCTURED AND FORMALIZED AND BOUND BY RULES


DRAFTED AND IMPLEMENTED BY THE PEOPLE WHO THEMSELVES
CONSTITUTE SOCIETY

MAX WEBER HAD INTRODUCED THE IDEA OF “RATIONALIZATION”


UNDERSTANDING MODERNITY
MODERNITY - IS A CONCEPT THAT DEALS NOT ONLY WITH THE SHIFT IN THE PHYSICAL
AND MATERIAL CONDITIONS OF SOCIETY BUT ALSO WITH THE MENTAL
BEHAVIOR SHIFTS AMONG PEOPLE.

- SUPERSTITIONS AND FOLKLORE ARE A LITTLE USE BECAUSE SCIENCE,


TECHNOLOGY AND EMPIRICAL AND OBJECTIVE KNOWLEDGE IS OF
PRIMARY IMPORTANCE
Emile Durkheim - French Social Thinker of the early 20th century and considered
as the Father of Sociology and Anthropology, provided the
foundation of modern social science.

Functionalism - cultural and social institutions are created to perform certain


functions that in the end contribute to the overall health of
society

mechanical solidarity which means that the basis of people’s cooperation and society’s integration
is due to similar experiences in work, lifeways, values and worldviews.

“People converge because they need one another and they benefit from each other’s work or
production”
Society represents the idea of a modern, urbanized, and geographically and
demographically complex society that characterizes the newly emerged nation-state in the West.
The Germans call this Gesselschaft.

Community is smaller in geographical and demographic scope, communal in social relations and
traditional in behavior and worldview

The Germans call this Gemeinschaft.


SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES
FERDINAND TONNIES

Gesellschaft (society) is a civil society in which the individual needs are given more importance than the
social association.

Gemeinschaft (community) is a social association in which the individuals are inclined towards social
community rather than their individual wants and needs.

“Gemeinschaft” mainly emphasizes common mores wherein the individuals believe in appropriate
behavior and responsibility of each other to the association instead of focusing on individual interests and
needs
Common misconceptions of meeting with a counseling professional:

1. A person seeing a counselor, a psychologist, a psychiatrist or any mental health


practitioner has mental illness
2. Counseling means giving advice
3. Counseling is part of the Discipline Board
- facilitation
- reorientation
- referrals or recommendations for seminars or workshops
- psychological support

4. A counselor is a problem-solver

COUNSELING
The Art and Science of Counseling

Republic Act 9258 (Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004)

“The profession that involves the use of an integrated approach to


the development of a well-functioning individual primarily by helping
him/her to utilize his/her potentials to the fullest and plan his/her present
and future in accordance with his/her abilities, interests and needs.”

COUNSELING
(The Art and Science of Counseling)
Counseling

1. Counseling is the heart of the guidance and services


2. Counseling is a dynamic process
3. Counseling is essentially both an art and a science
4. Counseling is systematic

COUNSELING
(The Art and Science of Counseling and Goals of Counseling)
The Goals of Counseling
Kottler and Shepard

The goals that are common to counselors and that are essentially indicative of their
professional identity includes assisting client’s in:

1. Plan and work in a constructive manner attaining life success


2. Learn, participate and react positively to issues brought about by developmental changes
3. Express their uniqueness in diverse circumstances through socially accepted integration of
their thoughts, feelings and actions
4. Respond with resilience to stress and be able to buffer themselves from its negative
impact on their functioning
5. Develop effective skills in relating with others in order to enhance abilities in establishing
harmonious relationships

COUNSELING
(Goals of Counseling)
6. Increase awareness of the self by identifying their strengths and weaknesses
7. Become mindful of the realities of life and be able to apply effective principles of coping
and adjusting to the different experiences they encounter in life
8. Learn to seek for more options or choices to be well-informed before making a decision
9. Achieve autonomy from counseling as they have learned life skills

One of the important goals of the counseling process is to move the client towards proper and
empowered self-management.

COUNSELING
(Goals of Counseling)
Importance of Counseling

Counseling aims to provide preventive measures to the client.


This is achieved as the counselor assists the client to anticipate the challenges
that may arise from a situation

COUNSELING
(Importance of Counseling)
General classifications of problems and reasons why clients
need to consult counselors:

1. Academic difficulties
2. Personal Concerns
3. Social Concerns
4. Emotional difficulties

COUNSELING
(Classifications of problems and reasons)
General classifications of problems and reasons why
clients need to consult counselors:

5. Psychological Challenges
6. Family problems
7. Career- related concerns

COUNSELING
(Classifications of problems and reasons)
The Core Values of Counseling

1. Each person is naturally pure and good – if you share the same belief, then you treat every individual with
care and respect, operate from a nonjudgemental point of view and try to understand why some persons
cannot perform or function well
2. The primary role of a counselor is to give support so that client will be able to attain autonomy
- this would enhance the client’s sense of responsibility so that he or she could soon arrive at a better
position and see how he or she influences and is influenced by social forces
3. The essential values that will compel and sustain you in doing this work are love and compassion
4. An effective counselor finds the job’s intrinsic rewards more interesting than its extrinsic ones
- intrinsic rewards come from the counselor’s sens of fulfillment in seeing his or her clients achieve life
success, attain autonomy, and exercise effective cooping skills.
5. Deals with life through an attitude of gratitude and forgiveness
- you have to keep on inspiring other people to be well and do well; be hopeful and confident in facing
life’s challenges
The Professional Counselor

Counseling is a career that provides a person the opportunity to assist others in


developing their potentials and to encourage personal growth and learning.

Difference between professional counselors and informal helpers:

Professional counselors are expected to maintain a high degree of objectivity in


doing their job.

They must NOT:


• Have a personal involvement with their client
• Provide counseling to his or her own family to avoid subjectivity

The Professional Counselor


Informal helpers
They may provide assistance to people who are personally related to them

Counselors - are bounded by rules and regulations


- are expected to perform their duties and responsibilities
according to the standards

Informal helpers – may help people as encouraged by their personal rules

Counselors - use strategic techniques to promote the client’s personal growth


and development

Informal helpers- are those who are not formally equipped with standardized
strategies or approaches.

The Professional Counselor


Functions of Professional Counselors

1. Providers of individual and group counseling services


2. Developmental classroom guidance specialist
- Professional counselor prepare lessons and implement guidance instructions
3. Leaders and advocates of academic success
- Professional school counselors have an ethical responsibility of promoting
academic success by helping students identify barriers affecting school performance
4. Career development specialists
- Counselors provide activities that will prepare students for the demands and
requirements of their chosen profession
5. Agents of diversity and multiculturalism
- professional school counselors are trained to deal with and address the needs of
people from different cultural backgrounds
Functions of Professional Counselors

6. Advocates of students with special needs and students-at-risk


- Professional counselors give attention to students with special needs – such as
athletes, honor students, students with absentee parents, those with learning disabilities,
7. Advocate of a safe school environment
8. School and community collaboration specialists.
Aiming to clear the common misconceptions of the general public about
visiting the guidance office, the National Association of Guidance Counselors
hired the advertising company where you work to produce an infomercial
showing the benefits of consulting with a counselor. As a multimedia expert
of the company, you were tasked to create a storyboard with 10 scenes that
can run for 2 minutes. It should end with a slogan that underscores guidance
visits as a smart thing to do when dealing with problems and difficulties. The
Philippine Regulatory Board members for guidance and counseling
profession expect to watch an infomercial that sufficiently shows the
significance of the profession, highlights the scenes that present the
advantages of consulting with counselors, and uses language that is
appropriate even to a young audience
As a career counselor of a university, you are tasked to
prepare a 15-minute talk on the discipline of counseling
for a career orientation which highlights the nature and
scope of the discipline, the career opportunities with
compensations, and the educational preparations and
trainings needed to become a counselor. Make sure to
sufficiently cover the features of counseling.
PSYCHOLOGIST
- study cognitive, emotional, social processes
and human behavior by observing, interpreting, and
recording how people relate to one another and their
environments.

- provide counseling and psychotherapy to


promote a healthy mental state.

ALLIED MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS


PSYCHIATRIST
- Specialize on the treatment of mental
health disorders and believe that this
may be resolved by the use of
pharmacological interventions

ALLIED MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS


NEUROLOGIST
- is a medical doctor who specializes in treating
diseases of the nervous system.
- Neurology is a branch of medicine that deals
with the study and treatment of disorders of the
nervous system.

ALLIED MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS


SOCIAL WORKER

- social workers are responsible for


helping individuals, families, and groups
of people to cope with problems they’re
facing to improve their patients’ lives.

ALLIED MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS


ACTIVITY 1: MY DISTINCTIVE TRAITS

Instructions:

1. Using the diagram, identify the distinctive


traits or the personal qualities that you like
the most about yourself. My
distinctive
traits
2. Choose a partner and show your answer

3. Tell your partner how these traits are


employed in helping others
1. Empathy - the counselor’s ability to accurately sense the feelings and understand
the counselee’s experience

2. Acceptance - the counselor’s ability to demonstrate an attitude that is accepting of the


client’s insights as expressed during the counseling session

3. Genuineness - he or she is authentic, open and in touch with his or her thoughts and
feelings

4. Self-awareness - an awareness of one’s strengths and limitations is necessary for an


efficient and ethical practice of the profession.

5. Cultural Competence – counselors must know and understand the background of their
clients such as traditions, beliefs and family system.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROFESSIONAL COUNSELOR


6. Open mindedness- Counselors must also be open-minded about improving themselves

7. Integrity - professional counselors must demonstrate personal values expressed in


ethical practice of their profession.

8. Competence - Professional counselors must be highly skillful and knowledgeable in


applying the theories and strategies to effectively help people.

9. Problem –solving skills and creativity


- Professional counselors see problems not as mere difficulties, but also
as opportunities for psychological growth.
10. Embracing a perspective of wellness
- the counselor’s ability to see the importance of taking care of himself the
way he takes care of others

CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROFESSIONAL COUNSELOR


COMPETENCIES OF A TRANSFORMATIVE
COUNSELOR

Establishing Rapport

To establish rapport means to create and foster a warm and accepting


relationship with the counselee.
Basic Attending Skills
Refers to the nonverbal behaviors which are important in the counseling process.

S −sitting across the counselee


O −leaning at times toward the counselee
L −adopting an open posture during the counseling session
E −maintaining an eye contact
R −being relaxed or the ability to be composed and confident during
the session

COMPETENCIES OF A TRANSFORMATIVE COUNSELOR


Observational skills

Verbal messages
- spoken words through stories or insights shared by the counselee

Non-verbal messages
- cues or indicators of kept thoughts and feelings that may indicate
personal issues or problems of the counselee

COMPETENCIES OF A TRANSFORMATIVE COUNSELOR


6 basic types of nonverbal expression:

1. Physical appearance - include a person’s manner of dressing or grooming,


indicating his or her ability to adapt and take care of himself or herself

2. Personal Space - refers to the distance between two persons.


3. Voice - counselor must pay attention to the tone of the
counselee’s voice as he or she shares his or her story
4. Facial Expression - individual’s face often reflects genuine feelings and
emotions
5. Body Language - is a nonverbal message that suggests unconveyed
emotions.
6. Sudden change in behavior- indicates possible emotional stress or resistance

COMPETENCIES OF A TRANSFORMATIVE COUNSELOR


Basic Responding Skills
- competencies that indicate a counselor’s ability to accurately hear and
understand the counselee.

Skills that allow effective communication with the counselor:

1. Use of Minimal Encouragers


―Include verbal and nonverbal behaviors of the counselor, which express his or her interest in
the client’s story
2. Reflection and Paraphrasing
―Involves restating what the counselee has shared without altering the meaning
3. Reflection of Feelings
―This skill involves the counselor’s capacity to reflect on what emotions or feelings the
counselee has about a particular event or experience.

COMPETENCIES OF A TRANSFORMATIVE COUNSELOR

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