Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
i. Unit Analysis
Values
Patriotism.
National Integrity.
Tolerance towards all religions.
Gender equality.
Dignity of labour.
Scientific attitude.
Modesty.
Sensitivity.
Punctuality.
Neatness.
Pedagogical analysis
Pedagogical Analysis comprises of two words Pedagogy and Analysis which means the
analysis of a given content material in any subject any topic carried out well in the spirit of the
Science of teaching.
Pedagogy is the discipline that deals with the theory and practice of education. It concerns the
study and practice of how best to teach. It is the art of teaching. It is a master plan that includes a
detailed analysis of what is to be done by a teacher.
Unit Analysis
Textbook
It is a manual of instruction, a book containing a presentation of the principles of the subject used
as a basis of instruction.
Characteristics of a Textbook:
A. Academic / Internal
B. Physical / External.
Academic / Internal:
Selection of content
Organisation of content
Presentation of content
Verbal communication (Language)
Visual communication (Illustrations)
Assignments, Exercises etc.
Prelims and Back pages
Physical / External:
Club is an organization where different activities take place to facilitate the actual teaching -
learning process. It is something more beyond text- book teaching and normal classroom
activities.
Each and every individual has got his own creativity, attitude and interest which could be
explored through the different activities.
Economics club is more informal and it takes care of the various domains of learning. Club
activities are more practical. In classroom situation pupils learn a subject in totality. In a club, the
practical aspect of the particular subject and particular knowledge by different activities like
elocution, debate, essay writing to highlight on specific content. Club activities give vent and
catharsis to the feelings of pupils. There is no assessment for club activities while club activities
represent freedom of expression CR teaching represents conformity and repression.
Organization of a Club
Organizing street plays, drama, puppet show, role play to depict the different problems in market
economy, inflation, consumer protection, people, and unemployment opportunities and so on. To
educate people on important Economic aspects weekly newspaper can be published and well-
equipped library.
A separate economics room should be established which is associated with economics club. The
room must have journals, objects, specimens, photographs to facilitate the other activities of the
club. Pupils can prepare teaching aids, instructional material, booklets, scrap books and even
albums which is of immense use for learning of the subject.
Visit (as to a factory, farm, or museum) made (as by students and a teacher) for purposes of
first-hand observation.
A visit to a place that gives students the chance to study something in a real environment, rather
than in a classroom or laboratory.
Organization of a Visit
The safety of pupils and staff is always a priority of any policy relating to educational visits.
Educational Visits Coordinator plans the programme and takes the central role.
Duration,
Transport Options.
Risk Assessment
Significance
Better understanding
Teaches Professionalism
Classroom Inspiration
Connection to Community
BANK
History
The term Bank comes from the French Word 'Banco' which means a bench. In earlier days.
European money lenders or money changers used to display coins of different countries in big
heaps on benches or tables, for the purpose of lending or exchanging.
Meaning
A bank is a financial institution which deals with deposits and advances and other related
services. It receives money from those who want to save in the form of deposits and it lends
money to those who need it.
The Indian Banking Regulation Act, 1949 defines banking as "accepting, for the purpose of the
lending or investment, of deposits of money from the public, repayable on demand or otherwise,
and withdrawal by cheque, draft, order or otherwise."
Primary Functions:
Accepting Deposits, Savings Deposit, Fixed Deposit, Current Deposit, Recurring Deposit,
Granting Loans and Advances, Overdraft, Cash Credit.
Secondary Functions:
Commercial Banks
Industrial Banks
Land Development Banks
Exchange Banks
Co-operative Banks
Central Bank
Indiginous Bank
Educational Implications:-
Mass Media
1. Print Media
2. Audio Media
3. Visual media
4. Audio Visual Media
5. Electronic Media
News Paper
A set of large sheets of paper that have news stories, information about local events,
advertisements, etc., and that are folded together and sold every day or every week.
A paper that is printed and distributed usually daily or weekly and that contains news, articles of
opinion, features, and advertising.
Newspapers help in reducing the lag between the information contained in the book and
changing development in the world.
The special features, editorial advertisement enhance the knowledge of pupils of higher class.
Labour problems, research, new development in Industries of significant scientific progress are
always of interest to students.
The newspaper Print media motivates students in knowing the past, in the light of present and
the current events.
It supplements the knowledge required from the textbook. E.g. Barter System to modern
method of exchange.
Information on economic systems, industrial policies, status of agriculture, stock market, value
of currency and so on may sensitize the pupils with up to date information.
Govt. Budget, Five year plans, demand supply, utility, price mechanism, population status, the
pollution levels, developmental plans, Agriculture, industrialization.
It can be used for displaying interesting news, pictures, cartoons, stories. The display may
contain the news of local interesting news of national and international phenomena.
Special issues of news paper like republic day issues, Sunday times, Times Ascent, Education
times enrich our knowledge.
Internet
Internet is a technology based teaching aid provides extensive study materials. It keeps the
learner in touch with latest arrivals in education.
Educational utility
Online groups Yahoo and MicroSoft Network (MSN) each provide a free ‗groups‘ service
(http://groups .yahoo.com/ and http://groups.msn.com/) supported by online advertising.
The private can be created for the students which will include a discussion forum where
messages can be received by email or read on the Web.
Wikis for the more confident lecturer and in practice the more advanced students, a wiki may be
considered. A wiki is a user-editable Web page. Some allow anyone at all to make edits (for
example, the Wikipedia, a collaborative encyclopaedia http://en.wikipedia.org/), whereas some
are protected by a password.
Research Report
http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~pnikolov/resources/writingtips.pdf
Economics is the study of how people choose to use resources including time and talent people
have available, the land, buildings, equipment, and other tools on hand, and the knowledge of
how to combine them to create useful products and services.
Economics further includes the study of labour, land, and investments, of money, income, and
production, and of taxes and government expenditures.
Economists seek to measure well-being, to learn how well-being may increase overtime, and to
evaluate the well-being of the rich and the poor.
Examples
Research on International Economics helps to understand study trade among nations and the
flow of finance across international borders. Globalization and the deficit in the U.S. balance of
payments with other countries which are current concerns.
Research on Health, Education, and Welfare Economics focus on the markets and government
policies that directly shape access to health care while others focuses on schools and educational
policies, economic circumstances of the poor and evaluate alternative government programs to
improve the well-being of the poor.
What prices should they set and how much should they produce? What is the role of
incentives within the firm, entrepreneurship, and leadership.
Journal
Introduction/Meaning/Definition
Journal is a collection of articles, stories and write ups published at regular intervals.
Unlike newspaper journals are more durable, provide a thoughtful analysis of current cultural,
political economic and social events.
Beneficiaries
Basic facts associated with the information in journals help in enrichment o knowledge
Specialised journals provide with articles, news, comments in economics gives vivid information
Example:
Document
The term may apply to government, private sector organizations and groups, as well as
individuals.
In economics Government policies like budget, five year plans, Industrial resolutions.
Document study may also refer to the process of making important organizational decisions,
Document Analysis
Meaning
Criteria
In document analysis, objectives must be clearly defined in an evaluative manner ( Five Year
Plan, Budget)
Gather information and data on this objective and identify possible alternatives. (New Industrial
policy document, LPG concept)
Evaluation further includes efficiency, equity, administrative ease, legality and political
acceptability. These criteria are weighted or measured for each policy option.
Scope
Theory vs. Practice
Bias
Lack of learner autonomy
Lack of access into the world of economics concepts and ideas
• Self employment
• Initiatives for new productions
• Creating employment for others
• Improve market condition
• Increase in national income
• Increase in employment opportunities –in terms of quality and quantity
• New trade circles (import and export)
• Increase in negotiation and collaboration globally
Consumerism
Teacher should make the students aware that being a consumer …The best possible solution is
that the Consumers…
must be aware of their rights,
join voluntary Consumer organizations,
raise voice against exploitation and
seek redress of their grievances in time.
This can be done by …
Arranging visit to consumer forum
Asking them to be aware about things when they buy product…bill, quantity, expiry date,
stamp, batch no, date of manufacture
Global citizen
• A global citizen is someone who identifies with being part of an emerging world
community and whose actions contribute to building this community‘s values and
practices
• Many thinkers and writers have put forth their own ideas of what it means to be a global
citizen in the 21st century. There may be disagreements as to the particulars, but the
overall philosophy has several consistent points.
• Respect fellow humans, regardless of race, gender, age, religion, or political views.
• Appreciate diversity and the benefits it can offer any advanced society.
• View no single society or culture as inherently superior to any other.
• Cherish the natural world and respect the rights of all living things
• Practice and encourage sustainable patterns of consumption and production.
• Work to eradicate poverty and inequality in all their forms.
• Support economic institutions that act transparently and in the public good.
• Strive to resolve conflicts without the use of violence.
• Feel responsibility to help solve pressing global challenges in whatever way they can
• Think globally, act locally
Preparation of drafting question papers for test (also unit plan and unit test)
THE UNIT - When the matter in the text book is not adequately grouped and prescribed the
teacher has to reorganize and regroup the given matter of a subject into suitable units.
A unit should be viewed as a whole. A teacher should be thoroughly familiar with content before
making an attempt to write out the successive steps:
1. Content Analysis (terms , concepts , subunits)
2. Objectives with specifications
3. Learning activities (psychology of learner)
4. Testing procedures(achievement test) unit test
UNIT TEST
i)Who are the pupils who need help? ii) Where are the errors located? iii) Why did the error
occur ?
It should reveal the inherent difficulties which the subject matter itself present to the learner. The
specific difficulty he has in mastering it. Inherent difficult subject---reconstructing and adjusting
materials to the learner‘s level. Inherent difficulty in learners habit—ability to grasp a situation
readily—involves practice exercises, perception, recognition and other mental function.
Remedial teaching…
Meaning of RT: While diagnosis is the process of investigating the learners‘ difficulties and the
reasons for this, its follow up leads to actions that may help children make up their deficiencies.
This step is generally termed Remedial Teaching.
Objectives of RT:
To timely solve doubts of the students
To solve the problems arise during teaching
To develop good tendencies among the students
To correct the emotional difficulties of students
To overcome deficiencies in work, study and skills
Steps in remediation
The program that coincides most closely with the experience of successful teachers and with a
sound psychology of learning calls for the following steps in the order indicated
• (1) teach,
• (2) review,
• (3) test for weaknesses wherever they appear,
• (4) follow with remedial drill units on the specific weaknesses revealed by the tests.
2. Select any topic in Economics and state the core elements incorporated in it. Discuss the
evaluation techniques for the same.
4. Identify the underlying core-elements of any one topic in Economics. Explain the
activities a teacher would plan to incorporate these core elements in the teaching learning
process.
5. ―Economics teacher will have to face lot of challenges in fulfilling the changing
requirement of the economics education‖. Comment
6. Which are the different challenges faced by economics teacher in the changing scenario?
8. Describe the professional growth. Explain the ways to achieve the professional growth
for economics teacher
9. How would a teacher of economics inculcate the values of global citizen and
entrepreneurship in teaching of economics?
11. ―A teacher of economics should make efforts to inculcate the values of entrepreneurship
and consumerism among students‖
13. Explain the term unit planning? Which factors are considered while unit planning ?
14. What do you mean by unit(achievement) test? Explain the criteria for preparing
achievement test?
15. ―Remedial teaching in economics can bring the improvement in the achievement among
the students‖. Justify
16. What do you mean by diagnostic testing? How it helps the economics teacher in
improving the achievement of students?
Short Notes