Name Practice

2-1
Addition Meaning
and Properties
Write each missing number.
1. 7 ⫹ 2 ⫽ 2 ⫹ ■ 2. 3 ⫹ ■ ⫽ 3 3. (2 ⫹ 4) ⫹ 5 ⫽ 2 ⫹ (■ ⫹ 5)

4. 3 ⫹ ■ ⫽ 5 ⫹ 3 5. ■ ⫹ 0 ⫽ 6 6. (5 ⫹ 3) ⫹ 9 ⫽ 8 ⫹ ■

7. Use Structure What property of addition is shown in the

following number sentence? Explain.
7 ⫹ (3 ⫹ 5) ⫽ (7 ⫹ 3) ⫹ 5

8. Minnie has 6 country CDs and 5 rock CDs.

Amanda has 5 rock CDs and 6 country CDs.
Who has more CDs? Explain.

9. Show how the Commutative Property of Addition works

using the numbers 2, 3, and 5.

10. Critique Reasoning Jake says that adding 0 does not

change a sum. Is he correct? Explain.

11. Which property of addition is shown by 5 ⫹ 2 ⫽ 2 ⫹ 5?

A Associative Property C Commutative Property
B Distributive Property D Identity Property

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Name Practice
2-2
Subtraction Meanings
Write a number sentence for each situation. Solve.
1. Terrance has 14 CDs. Robyn has 2. How many more black stars are
9 CDs. How many more CDs does there than white stars?
Terrance have than Robyn?

? ?

3. Arizona has 15 counties. 4. A baseball hat costs $12. Nancy

Connecticut has 8 counties. How has a coupon for $4 off. How much
many more counties does Arizona money will Nancy spend on the
have than Connecticut? baseball hat?

5. Carrie invited 13 girls to a party. 6. Use Structure Write the fact family
Five of the girls have already for 3, 9, and 12.
arrived. How many girls have yet
to arrive? Draw a picture to show
the problem.

7. LaToya has 12 postcards and 4 photographs on a bulletin board.

How many more postcards does LaToya have than photographs?
A 7 B 8 C 9 D 16

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Name Practice
2-3
Using Mental Math to Add
Use breaking apart to add mentally.

1. 53 ⫹ 34 2. 42 ⫹ 29 3. 47 ⫹ 41

34 ⫽ 30 ⫹ 29 ⫽ 20 ⫹ 41 ⫽ ⫹1

53 ⫹ ⫽ 83 42 ⫹ ⫽ 62 47 ⫹ ⫽ 87

83 ⫹ ⫽ 87 ⫹ 9 ⫽ 71 ⫹ 1 ⫽ 88

So, 53 ⫹ 34 ⫽ So, 42 ⫹ 29 ⫽ So, 47 ⫹ 41 ⫽

Make a ten to add mentally.

4. 27 ⫹ 24 5. 54 ⫹ 19 6. 38 ⫹ 27

24 ⫽ 3 ⫹ 19 ⫽ ⫹6 27 ⫽ ⫹ 25

27 ⫹ ⫽ 30 ⫹ 6 ⫽ 60 38 ⫹ ⫽ 40

⫹ 21 ⫽ 51 60 ⫹ ⫽ 73 40 ⫹ ⫽ 65

So, 27 ⫹ 24 ⫽ So, 54 ⫹ 19 ⫽ So, 38 ⫹ 27 ⫽

Find each sum using mental math.

7. 52 ⫹ 26 8. 47 ⫹ 8 9. 32 ⫹ 17 10. 28 ⫹ 31

11. 43 ⫹ 38 12. 72 ⫹ 7 13. 42 ⫹ 33 14. 36 ⫹ 14

15. Generalize Ashton broke apart a number into 30 ⫹ 7.

What number did he start with?

16. What is the sum of 27 ⫹ 42 using mental math?

A 68 B 69 C 78 D 79

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Name Practice
2-4
Using Mental Math
to Subtract
Find each difference using mental math.
1. 38 ⫺ 14 2. 42 ⫺ 13 3. 55 ⫺ 12 4. 62 ⫺ 17

5. 72 ⫺ 19 6. 94 ⫺ 11 7. 32 ⫺ 15 8. 85 ⫺ 18

9. 43 ⫺ 16 10. 66 ⫺ 15 11. 53 ⫺ 19 12. 72 ⫺ 16

13. Reason Gillian started solving 88 ⫺ 29.

This is what she did.
88 ⫺ 29 ⫽ ?
88 ⫺ 30 ⫽ 58
What should Gillian do next?

14. Communicate Tell how to find 81 ⫺ 16 using mental math.

15. Tiffany will use a total of 63 tiles for her art project. She only
needs 17 more tiles. Use mental math to find how many tiles
she has already.

16. To solve 35 ⫺ 19, Jack used 35 ⫺ 20. What did he do next?

A Added 1 C Subtracted 1
B Subtracted 9 D Added 9

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Name Practice
2-5
Rounding
Round to the nearest ten.
1. 37 2. 93 3. 78 4. 82 5. 24

6. 426 7. 329 8. 815 9. 163 10. 896

Round to the nearest hundred.

11. 395 12. 638 13. 782 14. 246 15. 453

16. 529 17. 877 18. 634 19. 329 20. 587

21. Critique Reasoning Tyrell says 753 rounds to 800. Sara says 753
rounds to 750. Who is correct? Explain.

22. Communicate How would you use a number line to round 148 to
the nearest ten? Explain.

23. There are 254 counties in Texas. What is that number rounded to the
nearest ten? What is that number rounded to the nearest hundred?

24. Reason Which number does not round to 400?

A 347 B 369 C 413 D 448

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Name Practice
2-6
Estimating Sums
Round to the nearest ten to estimate.
1. 58 1 43 2. 87 1 69 3. 37 1 141 4. 422 1 296

Round to the nearest hundred to estimate.

5. 536 1 393 6. 242 1 359 7. 713 1 82 8. 313 1 405

Use compatible numbers to estimate.

9. 83 + 34 10. 329 + 64 11. 212 1 347 12. 537 1 244

13. Reasonableness Miguel has 325 baseball cards and

272 football cards. He said that he has 597 cards
in all. Is his answer reasonable? Explain using estimation.

14. Write a Problem Natalie has 138 DVDs and 419 CDs. Write
a number sentence that you could use to estimate the sum of
the DVDs and CDs. Then find your estimated sum.

15. Which of the following shows estimating 287 1 491 by using

compatible numbers?
A 100 1 500 B 300 1 400 C 280 1 400 D 280 1 500

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Name Practice
2-7
Estimating Differences
Round to the nearest hundred to estimate each difference.
1. 478 2 267 2. 236 2 119 3. 588 2 321

Round to the nearest ten to estimate each difference.

4. 677 2 421 5. 296 2 97 6. 312 2 157

Use compatible numbers to estimate each difference.

7. 84 2 36 8. 427 2 163 9. 609 2 243

10. Critique Reasoning Fern rounded to the nearest ten to estimate

548 2 132. She subtracted 540 2 130 and got 410. Is Fern’s
estimate correct? Explain.

11. On Friday, 537 people attended a play.

For Saturday’s matinee, there were 812 people.
About how many more people attended
the play on Saturday than on Friday?
12. A football team scored 529 points one season
and then 376 points the next. About how many
points less did the team score in the second
season? Round to the nearest ten.
13. Waco, TX, has an elevation of 405 feet.
Dallas, TX, has an elevation of 463 feet.
About how many feet greater is Dallas’s
elevation than Waco’s elevation?
A 470 2 400 5 70 C 450 1 400 5 850
B 460 2 410 5 50 D 460 1 400 5 860

1
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Name Practice
2-8
Making Sense of Addition and
Subtraction Equations
In 1–8, decide if the two sides are equal. If yes, write .
If no, write  (not equal).
1. 9 54 2. 10  4 5 3. 23  6 29 4. 12 14  1

5. 9  2 7 6. 14 59 7. 33 44  11 8. 27  9 18

In 9–16, find the value for n that makes the equation true.

9. 16  7  n 10. 12  n  3 11. 8  5  n 12. n  6  3

13. 7  n  7 14. 24  n  14 15. n  45  6 16. 8  10  n

For 17 and 18, use the given equation to solve the problem.

17. Dina has 5 orchids. Mae has 18. Juan collected 7 fewer stamps than
13 orchids. How many more Jenn. Juan collected 24 stamps.
orchids does Mae have than Dina? How many stamps did Jenn collect?

5  n  13 n  7  24

19. Model Derrick has 7 marbles. 20. Which value for n makes the
Roger has n marbles. Together equation n  8  45 true?
they have 14 marbles. Write an A n  37 C n  41
equation to model the problem.
How many marbles does Roger B n  38 D n  53
have?

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Name Practice
2-9
Problem Solving:
Reasonableness
Solve. Then check that your answer is reasonable.

1. The Aggies scored 59 points in 2. Ms. Rice is driving 92 miles to a

the first half and 56 points in the meeting. After driving 54 miles, she
second half. How many points did stops to buy gasoline. How many
the Aggies score altogether? more miles does she have left?

points in all 92 miles in all

59 56 54

3. There are 45 students going on a 4. Estimation In the 2004 Summer

field trip. Of those students, 27 are
from Mrs. Unser’s class. The rest
are from Mr. King’s class. How
many students are from Mr. King’s
class?
45 students in all
Olympics, the United States won
36 gold, 39 silver, and 27 bronze
medals. About how many medals
did the United States win?
medals in all

27 40 40 30

5. Christine is reading a short story 6. Wyoming has 23 counties.

that is 76 pages long. She just Wisconsin has 49 more counties
finished reading page 47. How than Wyoming. How many
many more pages does she have counties does Wisconsin have?
left to read?
A 26 C 72
76 pages in all
B 62 D 82
47

P 2•9 3
Name Topic 2
Test
Mark the best answer.

1. If Serena rounds her number of 4. A theater has 325 seats. There are
baseball cards to the nearest 187 people who buy tickets for a
ten, she would have 280. How show. Which is the best estimate
many cards could she have in her of how many seats are empty? (2-7)
collection? (2-5)
A 120
A 269 B 140
B 272 C 160
C 284 D 180
D 287
5. Which number sentence is
2. There are 16 students in a scout shown? (2-2)
troop. Seven of the students go
on a nature hike. Which number
sentence shows a way to find out
how many students did not go on
A 12  7  19
the hike? (2-2)
B 19  7  12
A 7  ■  16
C 12  4  8
B 7  16  ■
D 12  8  4
C 16  7  ■
D 16  ■  7

3. A store stocks 411 boxes of

cold cereal and 162 boxes of hot
cereal. Which number sentence
shows the best way to estimate
the total boxes of cereal using
compatible numbers? (2-6)
A 400  100  500
B 400  150  550
C 450  150  600
D 450  200  650

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Name

6. A bakery had 75 cupcakes 9. Zach watched birds at his bird

Wednesday morning. By feeder. He counted 18 birds in
Wednesday afternoon they had the morning and 29 birds in the
sold 37 cupcakes. How many afternoon. To add 18  29, Zach
cupcakes had not been sold? used mental math to break apart
Use mental math to solve. (2-4) the addends. What is the missing
number in his number sentence?
A 28
(2-3)
B 38
18  29  (10  8)  (20  ■)  47
C 48
D 112
9
10. Find the value for n that will make
7. Which number sentence can be the following equation true. (2-8)
used to find how many buttons
in all? (2-1) 30  25  n
n5
11. Carole read 28 pages of a book
on Monday and 103 pages on
Tuesday. Is 75 pages a reasonable
answer for how many more pages
A 538 Carole read on Tuesday than on
Monday? Explain your answer. (2-9)
B 639
C 6  4  10 Yes; The estimated
D 6  5  11 difference is
100  30  70, so
8. Carla walks up 283 steps to get to
the top of the lookout tower. What 75 is reasonable
is 283 rounded to the nearest since it is close
hundred? (2-5)
to 70.
300
12. Find the value for n that will make
the following equation true. (2-8)
13  n  6
n7

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Name
13. To subtract 53  29 mentally, Bert
subtracted 53  30  23 first.
What should Bert do next to find
the difference? (2-4)
Bert should add
23  1 to get 24
as the difference.
14. A train going into Houston has
218 passengers. A train going out
of Houston has 129 passengers.
Give an estimate for the total
number of passengers on the
two trains. (2-6)
About 350
passengers
15. The school store had 451 pencils
on the first day of school. On the
last day of school, there were
147 pencils left. About how many
pencils did the school store sell in
all? (2-7)
Sample answer:
About 300 pencils
16. A farm stand has 22 kinds of
vegetables and 11 kinds of fruits.
Estimate how many more kinds of
vegetables than fruits are at the
farm stand. (2-7)
10 more kinds of
vegetables
Topic 2 3 of 3
17. Emma spent 17 minutes on
making a salad and 45 minutes
on making apple pie. Use mental
math to find how much more time
she spent on making the pie than
on making the salad. (2-4)
28 more minutes
18. Round to the nearest hundred to
estimate the difference 597 – 329.
(2-7)
600  300  300
19. Show an example of the
Commutative (Order) Property
of Addition. Use the numbers
2 and 7. (2-1)
2772
20. Stephen read for 34 minutes
on Monday and 45 minutes on
Tuesday. Use breaking apart to
find how many minutes Stephen
read all together. (2-3)
34  30  4 and
45  40  5;
30  40  70 and
4  5  9;
70  9  79.
Stephen read for
79 minutes all
together.
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Name Topic 2
Test
Mark the best answer.

1. If Serena rounds her number of 4. A theater has 325 seats. There are
baseball cards to the nearest 187 people who buy tickets for a
ten, she would have 280. How show. Which is the best estimate
many cards could she have in her of how many seats are empty? (2-7)
collection? (2-5)
A 120
A 269 B 140
B 272 C 160
C 284 D 180
D 287
5. Which number sentence is
2. There are 16 students in a scout shown? (2-2)
troop. Seven of the students go
on a nature hike. Which number
sentence shows a way to find out
how many students did not go on
A 12  7  19
the hike? (2-2)
B 19  7  12
A 7  ■  16
C 12  4  8
B 7  16  ■
D 12  8  4
C 16  7  ■
D 16  ■  7

3. A store stocks 411 boxes of

cold cereal and 162 boxes of hot
cereal. Which number sentence
shows the best way to estimate
the total boxes of cereal using
compatible numbers? (2-6)
A 400  100  500
B 400  150  550
C 450  150  600
D 450  200  650

Topic 2 1 of 3 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. 3
Name

6. A bakery had 75 cupcakes 9. Zach watched birds at his bird

Wednesday morning. By feeder. He counted 18 birds in
Wednesday afternoon they had the morning and 29 birds in the
sold 37 cupcakes. How many afternoon. To add 18  29, Zach
cupcakes had not been sold? used mental math to break apart
Use mental math to solve. (2-4) the addends. What is the missing
number in his number sentence?
A 28
(2-3)
B 38
18  29  (10  8)  (20  ■)  47
C 48
D 112
10. Find the value for n that will make
7. Which number sentence can be the following equation true. (2-8)
used to find how many buttons
in all? (2-1) 30  25  n

11. Carole read 28 pages of a book

on Monday and 103 pages on
Tuesday. Is 75 pages a reasonable
answer for how many more pages
A 538 Carole read on Tuesday than on
Monday? Explain your answer. (2-9)
B 639
C 6  4  10
D 6  5  11

8. Carla walks up 283 steps to get to

the top of the lookout tower. What
is 283 rounded to the nearest
hundred? (2-5)

12. Find the value for n that will make

the following equation true. (2-8)
13  n  6

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Name
13. To subtract 53  29 mentally, Bert
subtracted 53  30  23 first.
What should Bert do next to find
the difference? (2-4)
14. A train going into Houston has
218 passengers. A train going out
of Houston has 129 passengers.
Give an estimate for the total
number of passengers on the
two trains. (2-6)
15. The school store had 451 pencils
on the first day of school. On the
last day of school, there were
147 pencils left. About how many
pencils did the school store sell in
all? (2-7)
16. A farm stand has 22 kinds of
vegetables and 11 kinds of fruits.
Estimate how many more kinds of
vegetables than fruits are at the
farm stand. (2-7)
Topic 2 3 of 3
17. Emma spent 17 minutes on
making a salad and 45 minutes
on making apple pie. Use mental
math to find how much more time
she spent on making the pie than
on making the salad. (2-4)
18. Round to the nearest hundred to
estimate the difference 597 – 329.
(2-7)
19. Show an example of the
Commutative (Order) Property
of Addition. Use the numbers
2 and 7. (2-1)
20. Stephen read for 34 minutes
on Monday and 45 minutes on
Tuesday. Use breaking apart to
find how many minutes Stephen
read all together. (2-3)
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. 3