Exercise 6.

11 (Solutions)
Mathcity.org Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
Page 229

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Formula for the sum

n
n ( n + 1)
i) ∑k
k =1
= 1 + 2 + 3 + ......... + n =
2
n
n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
ii) ∑
k =1
k 2 = 12 + 22 + 32 + ......... + n 2 =
6
2
n
 n ( n + 1) 
iii) ∑ 3 3 3 3
k = 1 + 2 + 3 + ......... + n =  3

k =1  2 
n
iv) ∑ (1) =
k =1
1 + 1 + 1 + ......... + 1 (n times) = n

Sum the following series up to n terms.

Question # 1
1 × 1 + 2 × 4 + 3 × 7 + ..........................
Solution
1 × 1 + 2 × 4 + 3 × 7 + ..........................
1 + (k − 1)3
If Tk denotes the kth term of the series then = 1 + 3k − 3
Tk = k (3k − 2) = 3k 2 − 2k = 3k − 2
Let Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of the series then
n
Sn = ∑ ( 3k 2 − 2k )
k =1
n n
 n(n + 1)(2n + 1)   n(n + 1) 
= 3∑ k − 2∑ k = 3 
2
 − 2 
k =1 k =1  6   2 
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
= − n(n + 1)
2
n(n + 1) n(n + 1)(2n − 1)
= ( 2n + 1 − 2 ) = Answer
2 2

Question # 2
1 × 3 + 3 × 6 + 5 × 9 + ......................... 1 + ( k − 1)2
Solution = 1 + 2k − 2
1 × 3 + 3 × 6 + 5 × 9 + ......................... = 2k − 1
If Tk denotes the kth term of the series then
3 + ( k − 1)3
Tk = (2k − 1)(3k ) = 6k 2 − 3k
= 3 + 3k − 3
= 3k
Now do yourself as above
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Question # 3
1 × 4 + 2 × 7 + 3 × 10 + .........................
Solution
[[
Do yourself as Question # 1
Question # 4
3 × 5 + 5 × 9 + 7 × 13 + .........................
Solution
[[
Do yourself as Question # 1
Question # 5
12 + 32 + 52 + ....................
Solution
12 + 32 + 52 + .................... 1 + ( k − 1)2
= 1 + 2k − 2
If Tk denotes the kth term of the series then = 2k − 1
Tk = (2k − 1)2 = 4k 2 − 4k + 1
Let Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of the series then
n
Sn = ∑ ( 4k 2 − 4k + 1)
k =1
n n n
 n(n + 1)(2n + 1)   n(n + 1) 
= 4 ∑ k − 4 ∑ k + ∑ (1) = 4 
2
 − 4 +n
k =1 k =1 k =1  6   2 
2n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
= − 2 ( n(n + 1) ) + n
3
 2(n + 1)(2n + 1)   2(2n 2 + 2n + n + 1) 
= n − 2(n + 1) + 1 = n  − 2n − 2 + 1 
 3   3 
 2(2n 2 + 3n + 1)   4n 2 + 6n + 2 − 6n − 3 
= n − 2n − 1 = n  
 3   3 
 4n 2 − 1  n
 = ( 4n − 1)
2
= n Answer
 3  3
Question # 6
22 + 52 + 82 + ....................
Solution
22 + 52 + 82 + ....................
Let Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of the series then 2 + ( k − 1)3
Tk = (3k − 1)2 = 9k 2 − 6k + 1 = 2 + 3k − 3
= 3k − 1
Let Sn be the sum of first n term of the series then
Now do yourself as above
Question # 7
2 × 12 + 4 × 22 + 6 × 32 + ...................
Solution
2 × 12 + 4 × 22 + 6 × 32 + ...................
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 FSc-I / 6.11 -3

If Tk denotes the kth term of the series then

Tk = (2k )(k )2 = 2k 3 2 + ( k − 1)2
= 2 + 2k − 2
Let Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of the series then
= 2k
n n
Sn = ∑ (2k ) = 2∑ k 3
3

k =1 k =1 1 + ( k − 1)1
2 =1+ k −1
 n(n + 1)  n 2 (n + 1) 2 n 2 (n + 1)2 =k
= 2  = 2 = Answer
 2  4 2
Question # 8
3 × 22 + 5 × 32 + 7 × 42 + ...................
Solution
3 × 22 + 5 × 32 + 7 × 42 + ................... 3 + ( k − 1)2
If Tk denotes the kth term of the series then = 3 + 2k − 2
Tk = (2k + 1)(k + 1) 2 = (2k + 1)(k 2 + 2k + 1) = 2k + 1

= 2 k 3 + 4k 2 + 2k + k 2 + 2k + 1 2 + ( k − 1)1
= 2k 3 + 5k 2 + 4k + 1 = 2 + k −1
Let Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of the series then = k +1
n
Sn = ∑ (2k 3 + 5k 2 + 4k + 1)
k =1
n n n n
= 2 ∑ k 3 + 5 ∑ k 2 + 4 ∑ k + ∑ (1)
k =1 k =1 k =1 k =1
2
 n(n + 1)   n(n + 1)(2n + 1)  n(n + 1)
= 2  + 5 +4 +n
 2   6  2
n 2 (n + 1) 2 5n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
=2 + + 2n(n + 1) + n
4 6
 n(n 2 + 2n + 1) 5(2n 2 + 2n + n + 1) 
= n + + 2(n + 1) + 1
 2 6 
 n3 + 2n 2 + n 5(2n 2 + 3n + 1) 
= n + + 2n + 2 + 1
 2 6 
 n + 2n + n 10n + 15n + 5
3 2 2

= n + + 2n + 3 
 2 6 
 3n3 + 6n 2 + 3n + 10n 2 + 15n + 5 + 12n + 18 
= n 
 6 
n
= ( 3n3 + 16n 2 + 30n + 23) Answer
[
6
Question # 9
2 × 4 × 7 + 3 × 6 × 10 + 4 × 8 × 13 + ......................
Solution 2 + ( k − 1)1
2 × 4 × 7 + 3 × 6 × 10 + 4 × 8 × 13 + ...................... = 2 + k −1
= k +1
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If Tk denotes the kth term of the series then

7 + ( k − 1)3
Tk = 2(k + 1)(k + 1)(3k + 4) = 2(k + 1) 2 (3k + 4)
= 7 + 3k − 3
= 2(k 2 + 2k + 1)(3k + 4) = 3k + 4
3 2 2
= 3k + 6k + 3k + 4k + 8k + 4 4 + ( k − 1)2
= 4 + 2k − 2
= 3k 3 + 10k 2 + 11k + 4 = 2k + 2 = 2( k + 1)
[[
Now do yourself.
Question # 10
1×4×6 + 4×7×10 + 7×10×14 + ...................
Solution
1×4×6 + 4×7×10 + 7×10×14 + ................... 1 + ( k − 1)3
= 1 + 3k − 3
If Tk denotes the kth term of the series then
= 3k − 2
Tk = (3k − 2)(3k + 1) 2(2k + 1) = 2(3k − 2)(3k + 1)(2k + 1)
4 + ( k − 1)3
= 2(3k − 2)(6k 2 + 2k + 3k + 1) = 2(3k − 2)(6k 2 + 5k + 1) = 4 + 3k − 3
= 2(18k 3 + 15k 2 + 3k − 12k 2 − 10k − 2) = 3k + 1
= 2(18k 3 + 3k 2 − 7 k − 2)
6 + ( k − 1)4
= 6 + 4k − 4
Now do yourself.
= 4k + 2 = 2(2k + 1)

Question # 11
1 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3) + ......................

Solution
1 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3) + ......................
If Tk denotes the kth term of the series then
k ( k + 1) 1 2
Tk = 1 + 2 + 3 + ........... + k = = (k + k )
2 2
Let Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of the series then
n
1 2  1 n 2 1 n
Sn = ∑  (k + k )  = ∑ k + ∑ k
k =1  2  2 k =1 2 k =1
1  n(n + 1)(2n + 1)  1  n(n + 1) 
=  +  
2 6  2 2 
n(n + 1)  (2n + 1)  n(n + 1)  2n + 1 + 3 
=  + 1 =  
4  3  4  3 
n(n + 1)  2n + 4  n(n + 1)(2n + 4)
=   = Answer
4  3  12
Question # 12
12 + (12 + 22 ) + (12 + 22 + 32 ) + .................
Solution
12 + (12 + 22 ) + (12 + 22 + 32 ) + .................
If Tk denotes the kth term of the series then
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 FSc-I / 6.11 -5

k ( k + 1)( 2k + 1)
Tk = 12 + 22 + 32 + ........... + k 2 =
6
1 1
= k ( 2k 2 + 2k + k + 1) = k ( 2k 2 + 3k + 1)
6 6
1 1 1 1
= ( 2k 3 + 3k 2 + k ) = k 3 + k 2 + k
6 3 2 6
Let Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of the series then
n
1 1 1  1 n 1 n 1 n
Sn = ∑  k 3 + k 2 + k  = ∑ k 3 + ∑ k 2 + ∑ k
k =1  3 2 6  3 k =1 2 k =1 6 k =1
1  n 2 (n + 1) 2  1  n(n + 1)(2n + 1)  1  n(n + 1) 
=  +  +  
3 4  2 6  6 2 
n(n + 1) n(n + 1) 2
=
12
( n(n + 1) + (2n + 1) + 1) =
12
( n + n + 2n + 1 + 2 )
n(n + 1)(n 2 + 3n + 3)
= Answer
12
Question # 13
2 + (2 + 5) + (2 + 5 + 8) + ....................
Solution
2 + (2 + 5) + (2 + 5 + 8) + ....................
If Tk denotes the kth term of the series then n
∵ S n = [ 2a1 + ( n − 1) d ]
Tk = 2 + 5 + 8 + ........... + up to k terms 2
k k k 3 1
= [ 2(2) + (k − 1)(3) ] = [ 4 + 3k − 3] = [3k + 1] = k 2 + k
2 2 2 2 2
[
Now do yourself
Question # 14
Sum the series
(i) 12 − 22 + 32 − 42 + ............. + (2n − 1) 2 − (2n) 2
(ii) 12 − 32 + 52 − 7 2 + ............. + (4n − 3) 2 − (4n − 1)2
12 12 + 22 12 + 22 + 32
(iii) + + + .......................
1 2 3
Solution
(i)
12 − 22 + 32 − 42 + ............. + (2n − 1) 2 − (2n) 2
If Tk denotes the kth term of the series then
Tk = (2k − 1) 2 − (2k ) 2 = 4k 2 − 4k + 1 − 4k 2 = −4k + 1
Now do yourself

(ii) 12 − 32 + 52 − 7 2 + ............. + (4n − 3) 2 − (4n − 1)2

If Tk denotes the kth term of the series then
Tk = (4k − 3) 2 − (4k − 1)2 = (16k 2 − 24k + 9) − (16k 2 − 8k + 1)
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FSc-I / 6.11 -6

= 16k 2 − 24k + 9 − 16k 2 + 8k − 1 = −16k + 8

Now do yourself

12 12 + 22 12 + 22 + 32
(iii)+ + + ....................... to n terms
1 2 3
If Tk denotes the kth term of the series then
12 + 22 + 32 + ............ + k 2
Tk =
k
k (k + 1)(2k + 1)
= 6 = k (k + 1)(2k + 1) = (k + 1)(2k + 1)
k 6k 6
2 2
2k + 2k + k + 1 2k + 3k + 1 2 2 3 1
= = = k + k+
6 6 6 6 6
1 1 1
= k2 + k +
3 2 6
Let Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of the series then
n
1 2 1 1 1 n 2 1 n 1 n
Sn = ∑  k + k +  = ∑ k + ∑ k + ∑ (1)
k =1  3 2 6  3 k =1 2 k =1 6 k =1
1  n(n + 1)(2n + 1)  1  n(n + 1)  n
=  +  +
3 6  2 2  6
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n (n + 1) n n  (n + 1)(2n + 1) n + 1 1 
= + + =  + + 
18 4 3 2 9 2 3
n  (2n 2 + 2n + n + 1) n + 1 1  n  2n 2 + 3n + 1 n + 1 1 
=  + +  =  + + 
2 9 2 3 2 9 2 3
n  4n 2 + 6n + 2 + 9n + 9 + 6  n  4n 2 + 15n + 17 
=  =  
2 18  2 18 
n
= ( 4n 2 + 15n + 17 ) Answer
36
Question # 15
Find the sum of n term of the series whose nth term are given.
(i) 3n 2 + n + 1 (ii) n 2 + 4n + 1
Solution
(i)
Since Tn = 3n 2 + n + 1
Therefore Tk = 3k 2 + k + 1
Now do yourself
(ii)
[
Do yourself
[

Question # 16
Given n th term of the series, find the sum to 2n term.
(i) 3n 2 + 2n + 1 (ii) n3 + 2n + 3
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 FSc-I / 6.11 -7

Solution
(i)
Do yourself as below (Q # 16 (ii))

(ii) Since Tn = n3 + 2n + 3
Therefore Tk = k 3 + 2k + 3
Let Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of the series then
n n n n
Sn = ∑ ( k + 2k + 3) = ∑ k + 2 ∑ k + 3∑ (1)
3 3

k =1 k =1 k =1 k =1
2
n (n + 1) 2
n(n + 1)  n(n + 1) 2 
= +2 + 3n = n  + n + 1 + 3
4 2  4 
 n(n 2 + 2n + 1)   n 3 + 2n 2 + n 
= n + n + 4 = n +n + 4
 4   4 
 n3 + 2n 2 + n + 4n + 16 
= n 
 4 
n
= ( n3 + 2n 2 + 5n + 16 )
4
Now for sum of first 2n terms put n = 2n
2n
S2 n = ( (2n)3 + 2(2n)2 + 5(2n) + 16 )
4
n 2n
= ( 8n3 + 8n 2 + 10n + 16 ) = ( 4n3 + 4n 2 + 5n + 8 )
2 2
= n ( 4n + 4n + 5n + 8 ) Answer
3 2

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Book: Exercise 6.11 (Page 229)

Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

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