UNIVERSITY of the ASSUMPTION

Unisite Subdivision, Del Pilar, City of San Fernando, 2000 Pampanga, Philippines
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF A HUMAN • Philosophy deals with concrete real, contingent
PERSON (Philo) things. Contingent beings are NOT self-existent. They
(Second Semester, Third Quarter Reviewer) awe their existence to something other than itself. God
is only the self-sufficient being.
DOING PHILOSOPHY
KNOWN IN THE LIGHT OF NATURAL REASON
“Science gives us knowledge, but Philosophy gives us
• Philosophy seeks the first causes of things as far as
wisdom.” - Will Durant
they can be rationally established by the human mind
INTRODUCTION unaided by Divine Revelation.
• Doing Philosophy is a comprehensive way to answer
PHILOSOPHY AS KNOWN IN THE LIGHT OF REASON
some challenging problems and brings out importance
NATURAL THEOLOGY REVEALED THEOLOGY
and positivity within us. It will surely take us to a world
Studies about God not by Studies about God not by
full of possibilities in life. faith, but by reason. reason, but by faith
I. DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY Treats contingent beings Treats God as its
as its principal subject principal subject matter.
PHILOSOPHY matter.
• The word Philosophy was coined by Pythagoras, a Secondarily treats God as Secondarily treats of
Greek Philosopher. the first cause of the contingent beings as His
existence of these effects.
THREE (3) TYPES OF MAN ACCORDING TO contingent beings.
PYTHAGORAS Known as Theodicy, a
1. A lover of pleasure branch of Philosophy.
2. A lover of success
3. A lover of wisdom II. BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

The last, according to him, is the superior type. SIX (6) BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

LITERAL DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY 1. METAPHYSICS

• Derived from the two Greek words PHILIA, means
“love,” and SOPHIA means “wisdom.” Therefore,
Philosophy literally means “Love of Wisdom”.
• Philosophy is about seeking wisdom, not merely
finding it.
• God can be called wise. We can only be lovers of
wisdom; we can never be wise.
• Study of reality (beings and being).
• Some of the questions that metaphysics deals with
are:
A. What is the ultimate reality?
B. Is reality one or many different things?
C. Can reality be grasped by the senses or is it
transcendent?

REAL DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY 2. EPISTEMOLOGY

• Philosophy is the science of all things by their first • Study of validity of human knowledge.
cause as known in light of reason.
3. ETHICS
SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE • Study of the morality of human act.
• Science comes from the Latin word SCIRE, means “to • Some of the questions treated by the field of ethics
know.” are:
• Philosophy is a science wherein it understands the A. What is morally right?
causes of things. B. Are there any objective standards of right
• The “why” of things must be addressed, not merely and wrong?
the “what”. C. Are moral values absolute or relative?

SCIENCE OF ALL THINGS 4. LOGIC

• Study of correct reasoning.
• Basic tool that philosophers use to investigate reality.
Created by: Jopar Jose C. Ramos | STEM 11 – Saint Camillus de Lellis Subject Teacher: Sir Jesus T. Evaristo
 UNIVERSITY of the ASSUMPTION
Unisite Subdivision, Del Pilar, City of San Fernando, 2000 Pampanga, Philippines
• Among the questions raised by logic are: REPRESENTATION CATEGORY DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
A. What makes an argument valid or invalid? Jar life = time = process
Rock • Those • Cannot be • Family
B. What is a sound argument? elements of taken for • BFF
C. What is the difference between truth and life which granted • Goals,
validity? are whatsoever: • Health
necessarily “ESSENTIAL” • Studies
5. COSMOLOGY important.
Pebble • Those • Can be • Vacation
• Science of the universe. elements of exchange for •
• Its questions are: life which something Automobile
A. What are space and time? really else: • Boyfriend/
matters, “RELEVANT” girlfriend
B. How is the world related to human beings? but not
C. Is the world created or has it existed from all necessarily
eternity? important.
Sand • Those • Can be • Shopping
6. THEODICY common exchange, • Leisure
elements of postponed,
• Philosophical study of God. life which or not to do
• Questions it raises are the following: matters a at all:
A. Does God exist? little, but “OPTIONAL”
not really
B. What are the proofs of God’s existence?
necessary.
C. What is the problem of evil?
D. How do we reconcile the existence of a
benevolent God and the unmerited misery in
the world?

• Within these broad divisions are a number of sub-

disciplines of Philosophy. The most fully developed of
these is Philosophy of Science. We also have Philosophy
of History, Philosophy of Religion, Philosophy of Law,
Philosophy of Education, Philosophy of Art, Philosophy PHILOSOPHY
of Human Person, and many others. • Defined as a “search for the meaning of human
VALUE OF DOING PHILOSOPHY existence.”

THE RELEVANCE OF PHILOSOPHY TODAY ✓ Search = journey

• Philosophy aids as a framework for all knowledge, and ✓ Meaning = value/sense/purpose
its study is invaluable for acquiring the skill of critical ✓ Human existence = life/time
thinking that is the mark of a well-educated person. It
search x choices x meaning
also serves as a tool for integrating knowledge. Some life priority =
time
students find Philosophy as simply irrelevant and elitist.
TO PHILOSOPHIZE...
THE JAR OF LIFE • Live your life while searching for its meaning.
MEANING OF LIFE: ROCKS, PEBBLES, AND SANDS
✓ VALUE is derived from the PAST
1. ESSENTIAL ✓ SENSE is captured through the PRESENT
• “Rock” elements of life. ✓ PURPOSED is realized in the FUTURE
2. RELEVANT DO PHILOSOPHIZING BY CONSIDERING/REFLECTING
• “Pebble” elements of life. ON YOUR...
3. OPTIONAL 1. LIVED EXPERIENCES
• “Sand” elements of life. • Composed of past experiences.
Created by: Jopar Jose C. Ramos | STEM 11 – Saint Camillus de Lellis Subject Teacher: Sir Jesus T. Evaristo
 UNIVERSITY of the ASSUMPTION
Unisite Subdivision, Del Pilar, City of San Fernando, 2000 Pampanga, Philippines
2. PERSONAL ENCOUNTER
• Composed of present relationships.

3. REFLECTIVE INSIGHTS
• Composed of future aspirations.
meaning value sense purpose
= + +
priority past experience present relationship future aspirations

Created by: Jopar Jose C. Ramos | STEM 11 – Saint Camillus de Lellis Subject Teacher: Sir Jesus T. Evaristo