Half Joint Assessment Management Plan Report - Issue 2 June 2017

Area 13 MAC
IAN 53 Half Joint Assessment Management Plan

June 2017
Kier Services: Highway

Agricultural Hall
Penrith
Cumbria
CA11 0DN
T +44 (0)1768 860902

F +44 (0)845 6001629)
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Area 13
Half Joint Assessment Management Plan
Document Control
Contract Title Area 13 MAC
Report Title IAN 53 Half Joint Assessment Management Plan
Report Number 2120036/R001
Revision 2
Status Final
Control Date 30 June 2017
Record of Issue
Issue Status Author Date Check Date Authorised Date
1 Final P Wynn 03 Jan 2013 P. Roddis 03 Jan 2013 P. Roddis 03 Jan 2013
2 Final A Burke 30 June 17 P. Wynn 30 June 17 P. Roddis 30 June 17
Distribution
Organisation Contact Issue Number
Highways Agency R Janowski 1
Higways England Y Harb 2
© Kier Services Highways i

Area 13

© Kier Services Highways ii

Area 13
Contents
1 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................1
2 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................2
2.1 General......................................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 Context ......................................................................................................................................... 3
2.3 Scope and Exclusions .................................................................................................................. 3
3 Composition of Half Joint Structures .....................................................................................5

3.1 General......................................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Forms of Construction .................................................................................................................. 6
4 Types of Half Joints ..................................................................................................................7

4.1 General......................................................................................................................................... 7
4.2 Uplift Half Joints ........................................................................................................................... 8
4.3 Typical Detailing ........................................................................................................................... 9
5 SMIS Activity Stages 1.1 and 1.2 .............................................................................................11

5.1 Carry out Visual Special Inspection to determine severity of defects and assign priority ........... 11
6 SMIS Activity 1.3 Special Inspections .....................................................................................13

6.1 Invasive Testing (SMIS 1.3) ....................................................................................................... 13
7 SMIS Activity 1.4 Assessments ...............................................................................................14

7.1 Introduction to Assessments ...................................................................................................... 14
7.2 BD101 Record of Structural Review Form (RSRF) .................................................................... 14
7.3 Departures.................................................................................................................................. 14
7.4 Approval in Principle ................................................................................................................... 16
8 SMIS Activity 1.5 Further Invasive Testing.............................................................................17
9 Half Joint Programme ...............................................................................................................18

9.1 Programme................................................................................................................................. 18
9.2 Costings ..................................................................................................................................... 19
10 Recommendations ....................................................................................................................20
11 Appendices ................................................................................................................................21
11.1 SMIS May 2014 Healthcheck extract.......................................................................................... 21
© Kier Services Highways iii

Area 13

© Kier Services Highways iv

Area 13
1 Executive Summary
Interim Advice Note – IAN 53/04 implemented a systematic review of half jointed structures,
initially comprising visual inspections but progressing through intrusive investigation and
structural assessment where it was deemed necessary.
There are 67 half jointed structures in Highways England Area 13 and of these 19 have
been selected as meriting investigation, review and (where required) assessment.
The Management Plan describes the implementation of IAN 53 with respect to the Area 13
bridge stock and provides an overview of the current status.
© Kier Services Highways 1

Area 13
2 Introduction
2.1 General
This Report updates the progress made since the previous report issued January 2013 by
EM Highways, now Kier Services, in investigating, collating, assessing and reporting the
condition of half joints to structures in Area 13 in accordance with the Interim Management
Strategy as detailed in Interim Advice Note – IAN 53/04 Annex A (refer Fig 1).
Figure 1 - IAN 53/04 Annex A

* It should be noted that the HE Area 13 TAA has instigated the interim appraisal
assessment (noted in SMIS Activity 1.4) to be formally recorded and agreed by a BD 101
review.

Area 13
This discussion document outlines Kier Highways Management Plan for Half Joint
Assessments. The method of prioritisation has been based on the Qualitative Risk
Assessment as detailed in Annex D of IAN 53/04. The assessment rationally assesses the
comparative risks that may arise from the deterioration process.
2.2 Context
As set out by IAN 53/04, all half joints are difficult to inspect, maintain and repair due their
fundamental inaccessibility.
Many of the structures have leaked through their transverse joint at the end of the decks.
Some since construction, permitting salt-laden water to run over the deck and onto the half
joint. Attempts have been made to maintain the joint waterproofing but these are
increasingly unsuccessful as the concrete deck progressively deteriorates. In addition the
modern, relatively porous, thin surface course system currently used on the network, are
allowing water to dam behind the impermeable joint and is the cause of premature surfacing
break up locally to the joint. Furthermore issues in the past with HE CVM process has led
to difficulties in funding proactive expansion joint replacement.
2.3 Scope and Exclusions
Below is the list of 67 half joint structures in Area 13, based on route and their chainages.
Structure
Route Chainage (m) Structure Name
Key
A590 37.8 Moss End Farm 11258
A590 39.4 + Back O’Th Fell 11257
A590 47.8 Lime Kiln Accomm 13332
A590 51.5 Summerhouse 13221
A590 52.7 Hincaster 13220
A590 55.0 * Woodlands 13215
A66 32.1 +* Kentigern 8607
A66 33.0 Spoonygreen 8609
A66 34.9 Brundholme 8611
A66 82.1 Gale House Farm 13237
A66 84.0 Bongate Moor 13242
A66 92.2 Rigg 8653
M55 6.2 Marton Circle West 3801
M55 6.3 Marton Circle East 3802
M55 12.1 Pheasant Wood 3809
M55 13.7 Pasture Barn 3812
M55 14.5 White Carr Lane 3813
M55 15.0 Moorside Lane 3814
M55 15.8 Boggart Pits 3815
M55 21.1 Crow Trees 3823
M55 24.3 + Broughton Circle 3831
M6 356.9 Bamfords Farm F/B 2694
M6 358.6 Three Stiles F/B 2699
M6 359.9 Jepps Lane 2702
M6 363.4 Ducketts Farm F/B 2707

Area 13
M6 365.6 Hardman’s Wood F/B 2710

M6 368.6 Keepers F/B 2718
M6 370.1 Woodacre Great Wood F/B 2721
M6 394.0 Carnforth I/C South 2761
M6 394.1 Carnforth I/C North 2762
M6 396.5 Borwick Lane 2771
M6 397.2 Tewitfield 2774
M6 398.6 * Cinderbarrow 2778
M6 399.4 Deerslack 2780
M6 400.5 Station 2781
M6 401.4 Clawthorpe 2783
M6 402.1 Green Bank 2784
M6 404.5 Chapel 2787
M6 405.9 * Moss End Lane 2792
M6 406.3 Farleton Interchange South 2793
M6 406.3 Farleton Interchange North 2794
M6 409.1 * Lupton 2800
M6 409.9 Sillfield 2802
M6 413.2 Brunthwaite 2807
M6 415.4 Bull Coppy 2813
M6 417.3 * Hoghouse 2815
M6 418.6 Sedbergh Road Interchange Bridge 2818
M6 421.2 Powson 2822
M6 422.6 Cowperthwaite 2826
M6 423.5 + Highgill N 2833
M6 423.5 + Highgill S 2834
M6 428.8 + Borrowbeck Viaduct 2840
M6 430.1 Lawtland House (Railway N0. 104A) 2844
M6 430.3 + Jeffreys 2845
M6 430.6 + Roundthwaite 2846
M6 431.9 + Tebay 2850
M6 432.2 + Galloper Well 2852
M6 432.7 + Castle Howe 2853
M6 434.5 Lowmoor 2859
M6 434.5 Selsmire (S/B) 2860
M6 441.2 Shap Int 2881
M6 442.0 Colvilles 2883
M6 444.1 Kirkbank (N/B) 2887
M6 444.2 Trainrigg (S/B) 2888
M6 445.8 Crayston (N/B) 2889
M6 447.3 Capplerigg 2891
M6 449.0 * Greenriggs 2895
+ denotes Underbridges
* denotes structures which also include an Uplift half joint
Table 1 - Half Joint Structures in Area 13

Area 13
3 Composition of Half Joint Structures

3.1 General
In total, within Area 13 there are 67 No. structures with half joints. These comprise; 50
overbridges, 11 underbridges and 6 footbridges. 7 of the 67 also contain an uplift half joint
at their abutment/bankseat. For the complete listing refer see Table 2.
These are split by route as follows:
Uplift Half No of
Route Overbridges Underbridges Footbridges
Joints Structures
M6 32* (2) 8 6 5* 46
M55 8 (2) 1 0 9
A590 5* (3) 1 0 1* 6
A66 5 (1) 1* 0 1* 6
A585 0 0 0 0
A595 0 0 0 0
TOTALS 50 11 6 67
* Same bridges
() denotes number of accommodation bridges
Table 2 - Half Joints by Route and Structure Type
The majority of the overbridges within Area 13 carry minor County single carriageways.
M6 Farleton, M6 Carnforth, and M55 Marton Circle are Interchange overbridges at M6

Junction 36, 35 and M55 Junction 4 respectively.
The M6 and M55 Motorway underbridges carry dual 3 lane carriageways with
hardshoulders.
The 8No. M6 underbridges are situated between Junction 37 to 39 and six of these carry
the M6 through the Lune Gorge in close proximity to Junction 38. These are large multi-
span structures that cross the River Lune at various locations. In addition, M6 Lawtland
House overbridge crosses both the M6 and West Coast Main Line, with the half joint
positioned directly over the electrified rails.
The oldest half joint structures, constructed in 1964 are all situated on the M6 between
Junction 32-33. These comprise 6No Footbridges and one overbridge at Jepps Lane, the
remainder of the M6 structures have construction dates from 1969 to 1970.
The M55 was constructed from 1974 to 1975.

Area 13
The A590 structures date from 1975 to 1976 with the exception of Lime House Kiln
Accommodation Bridge, which was constructed in 1983.
The majority of A66 structures date from 1974 to 1975. A66 Bongate Moor and Gale House
Farm were constructed in 1981.
There are 7 uplift half joint bridges, where the half joints attach the side spans to the
abutment/bank seat. In addition these joints are buried or partially buried. All of the
structures also have half jointed drop-in spans as well as uplift half joints at each abutment.
3.2 Forms of Construction
The composition of the 67 structures is as set out in Table 3 below. All lower half joints are
reinforced concrete construction with the only exception being Borrowbeck Viaduct which
has post-tensioned table span supports.
Reinforced Concrete drop-in span 4
Pre-tensioned Beam drop-in span 47
Post-tensioned Beam drop-in span 16
Table 3 - Half Joints by Forms of Construction

Area 13
4 Types of Half Joints

4.1 General
Interim Advice Note IAN 53/04 details various types of half joint configurations. All Area 13
structures with half joints are cantilevers with suspended spans. There are no propped
cantilever half jointed structures.
The half joints within Area 13 are either Type A (56 No. structures with solid or close centred
beams) with no access to the bearing shelf, or Type C (11 No. structures with beams at
centres) with limited access to areas of the bearing shelf. (Refer Figure 2).
Figure 2

Area 13
4.2 Uplift Half Joints
In addition to the typical half joints configurations shown above, 7 No. uplift half joints are
also present in Area 13.
IAN 53/04 does not specifically cover uplift half joints. However, these have been included
in the Area13 programme as the detail is very similar to the examples shown in the IAN.
Below is a typical reinforcement detail of an uplift half joint:
Figure 3 – Typical Uplift Half Joint Details

Area 13
4.3 Typical Detailing
The half joint structures in Area 13, including the uplift half joints include inclined
reinforcement that passes the re-entrant angle of the half joint. The purpose of the bar is to
provide a triangulation (strut and tie) of forces within the half joint in conjunction with the
horizontal bars and vertical links.
Figure 4a – Typical RC table span half joint detail (Lower)
Figure 4b – Typical Pre-tensioned beam half joint detail (Upper)

Area 13
Figure 4c – Typical Post-tensioned beam half joint detail (Upper)
Figure 4d – Typical Post-tensioned table span half joint detail (Lower)

Area 13
5 SMIS Activity Stages 1.1 and 1.2

5.1 Carry out Visual Special Inspection to determine severity of defects and
assign priority
Site works for the Special Inspections were initially agreed with HE to be combined with the
Principal Bridge Inspection Programme. All visible elements of the structures were
inspected, at touching distance. Particular attention was given to the condition of the half
joints for significant defects.
Significant defects are defined in IAN 53/04 cl3.4 as:
a) Crack widths > 2mm;

b) Evidence of current or past significant seepage;
c) Serious delamination of concrete in the vicinity of the joint;
To identify these defects the Special Inspections focused on the following:
1) Failure of the expansion joint over the half joint;

2) Water leakage and chlorides on the bearing shelf of the half joints;
3) Cracking to the re-entrant corners of the half joint, and if present the width;
4) Severity and location of any other defects such as leaching or corrosion.
The results of the 1.1 & 1.2 Special Inspections were uploaded onto the Half Joint Data
input screens within SMIS. An extract of the SMIS May 2014 Healthcheck is included in the
Appendices as it is understood that the information held on SMIS has been removed and
the Healthcheck is the only available record.
Based on the findings of the Special Inspections and historical evidence, 19No.structures
were deemed to have significant defects meriting further investigation works to determine
the condition of the concrete and reinforcement. These structures were set to SMIS
Activity 1.3.
It should be noted that both Highgill North and Trainriggs S/B were not identified as meriting
being set to 1.3 whereas their sister bridges Highgill South & Craystone N/B were.

Area 13
Using the Qualitative Risk Assessment as detailed in Annex D of IAN 53/04, all the Half
Joint structures were initially prioritised, starting with the most vulnerable. The table below
highlights the 19 No plus the 7 No. uplift structures that were deemed to require further
invasive testing.
Str Revised
Route MP Name Half Joint Form of Construction
Key priority*
M6 431.9 Tebay 2850 Post-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 1
M6 432.7 Castle Howe 2853 Pre-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 2
M6 430.6 Roundthwaite 2846 Post-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 3
Post-Tensioned (UHJ) /
M6 428.8 Borrowbeck Viaduct 2840 4
Post-Tensioned (LHJ)
M6 430.3 Jeffreys M6 2845 Pre-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 5
M6 423.5 Highgill S 2834 Pre-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 6
Lawtland House
M6 430.1 2844 Post-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 7
(Rly No 104A)
M55 24.3 Broughton Circle 3831 Pre-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 8
M6 432.2 Galloper Well 2852 Pre-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 10
M6 441.2 Shap Int 2881 Pre-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 11
Farleton
M6 406.3 2793 Pre-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 12
Interchange South
Farleton
Interchange North
M55 6.3 Marton Circle East 3802 Pre-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 14
M55 6.2 Marton Circle West 3801 Pre-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 15
M6 445.8 Crayston (N/B) 2889 Pre-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 16
Sedbergh Road
Interchange Bridge
M6 409.9 Sillfield 2802 Pre-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 18
A66 84 Bongate Moor 13242 RC Deck (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 19
M6 358.6 Three Stiles F/B 2699 Pre-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 20
Uplift Half Joints
M6 409.1 Lupton 2800 Post-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 9
M6 405.9 Moss End Lane 2792 Post-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 21
M6 398.6 Cinderbarrow 2778 Post-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 22
M6 417.3 Hogghouse 2815 Post-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 23
M6 449.0 Greenriggs 2895 Post-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 24
A66 32.1 Kentigern 8607 Post-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 25
A590 55.0 # Woodlands 13215 Pre-Tensioned (UHJ) / RC (LHJ) 26
* Initially based on 2012 Report and revised following a programme review
# Added following 2016 programme review.
Table 4 - Prioritised HJ structures

The remaining 41No structures were considered to be in good or fair condition requiring no
further intrusive investigations. It was recommended, on completion of SMIS activity 1.2 that
these be designated as SMIS activity 2.1 and are therefore subject to a future management
strategy (Highways England guidance pending).
Early in 2012, on completion of invasive testing (see section 6.0) a review of the structures
was undertaken and it was noted that six structures had uplift half joint arrangements at the
bank seats. In 2016 programme review a seventh uplift half joint was identified. (A590
Woodlans). These structures are listed in Table 4.
As none of the bank seat arrangements allowed inspection of the hidden elements of the
structure; following an initial review of previous inspections & a specific site inspection; a
more detailed inspection was undertaken in 2014 which uncovered part of the buried uplift
elements. None of the structures uncovered uplift half joints exhibited any signs of distress.

Area 13
6 SMIS Activity 1.3 Special Inspections

6.1 Invasive Testing (SMIS 1.3)
Targeted testing has been carried out on all 19 main structures listed in Table 4.
In 2014 at the six identified uplift half joints structures, each corner was subsequently
exposed and testing carried out. Inspection of the seventh uplift half joint (A590 Woodlands
– Str Key 13215) is outstanding.
All the investigations have been loaded onto on SMIS as Special Inspections.

Area 13
7 SMIS Activity 1.4 Assessments
7.1 Introduction to Assessments
Most of the Assessments carried out on the Area 13 half joint structures were carried out in
the 1990’s as part of the 40T assessment programme. These should have been carried out
in accordance with BD 44/95 Strut & Tie analysis and BA 39/93, however IAN 53/04 has
resulted in the requirement to re-assess selected structures.
7.2 BD101 Record of Structural Review Form (RSRF)
Following SMIS activities 1.2 & 1.3, it has been agreed that a BD 101/11 RSRF will be
completed and this will provide recommendations on any requirement for proposed
assessment work to be carried out for each structure.
Table 5 shows the current status of the RSRF process and those that are currently approved
and signed by NetServ.
7.3 Departures
As part of the assessment process a number of Departures have been submitted and
Approved which are aimed at improving the accuracy of the half joint assessments. These
are similar to those used in Area 10, which has been leading the way in concrete half joint
assessment in recent years. Each Departure is listed below and its relevance to half joint
assessment discussed.
7.3.1 DAS ID 71434 Use of EC2 for Half Joint Assessment

This Departure allows the Assessor to use EC2 as BD 44/95 Clause 7.2.4.2 states that the
use of the strut and tie method is acceptable for assessing the capacity of a half-joint,
however no guidance is provided on the derivation of concrete strength for the strut
members. Thus this Departure proposes that Clause 6.5.2 of BS EN 1992-1-1:2004
incorporating corrigendum January 2008 and November 2010 (EC2) is used to derive the
strength of the concrete struts. Moreover, it is also proposed to use EC2 provisions where
necessary for all other aspects of analysis using strut and tie models. However it is not
proposed to combine BD 21/01 loadings with EC2 load factors.
7.3.2 DAS ID 71504 Inadequately Anchored Reinforcement

The purpose of this Departure is to set out an assessment methodology for determining the
allowable anchorage force in inadequately anchored reinforcement or pre-tensioned
strands in concrete half-joint deck structures.
The methodology to be adopted is set out in the document “Assessment methodology for
determining the allowable anchorage force in inadequately anchored reinforcement or pre-
tensioned strands in half-joints rev2”.
7.3.3 DAS ID 71586 Use of Pre-Tensioned Tendons BD 39/93

BA 39/93 does not allow the consideration of pre-tensioned tendons in half-joint
assessments in the form of either the pre-stressing force or the tendons themselves as

Area 13
conventional reinforcement. Where an existing structure has been designed with little or no
conventional longitudinal reinforcement in the region of the half-joint this would fail the
assessment by inspection.
In order to utilise the resistance of the pre-tensioned tendons it is proposed to depart from
cl 1.5 of BA39/93 in order to establish a more accurate assessment rating for each structure
affected by this guidance within the half-joint programme.
It is proposed to carry out an assessment that considers the tendons as conventional
reinforcement with the capacity of this tie determined in accordance with the requirements
of EC2.
Should the node that defines the start of this tie within the strut & tie model used to assess
the half joint fall within the transmission length of the tendon, determined in accordance with
EC2, then the tendon will be considered to be inadequately anchored. For this scenario the
allowable force within the tie will determined in accordance with the methodology set out in
the associated Departure 71504 rev 0 – Inadequately anchored reinforcement or strand.
7.3.4 DAS ID 71854 Assessment of Post-Tensioned Concrete Half Joints

BA 39/93 does not allow the consideration of post-tensioned tendons as conventional
reinforcement in half-joint assessments, only as an external force acting on the half-joint.
The approach set out in BA 39/93 is considered to be based upon research advice that had
only been intended to be applied at the serviceability limit state.
In order to utilise the resistance of the post-tensioned tendons it is proposed to depart from
cl 1.5 of BA 39/93 in order to establish a more accurate assessment rating for each structure
affected by this guidance within the half-joint programme.
It is proposed to carry out an assessment that considers the tendons as conventional
reinforcement with the capacity of this tie determined in accordance with the requirements
of EC2.
7.3.5 DAS ID 73696 Use of Collapse Mechanism to Assess Concrete Half Joints
Consultation has taken place between Highways England, the former Area 10 MAC A-one+
Integrated Highway Services and Professor LA Clark regarding assessment methodologies
appropriate to concrete half-joint deck structures. This has included, but has not been
limited to collapse mechanism analysis of concrete half-joint deck structures.
A detailed assessment methodology is described in the attached document titled ‘ULS
Assessment of Concrete Half-Joint Deck Structures Using Collapse Mechanism Analysis
July 2014’. It is proposed that this form of analysis in conjunction with strut and tie modelling
may be used to establish the assessed capacity of concrete half-joint deck structures at the
ultimate limit state.
7.3.6 Review of collapse mechanism method to assess pre-tensioned concrete half-joint

beam
Due to the reinforcement & strand configuration; when the above upper bound Collapse
Mechanism approach has been applied to pre-tensioned beams, the envisaged increase in
assessed capacity over the lower bound strut & tie approach has not been achieved.
Work is currently ongoing to prepare a modification to the departure which would enable
the ‘true’ upper bound capacity to be realised.

Area 13
7.4 Approval in Principle
For Tebay and Castle Howe the initial AIP was for Strut & Tie only, with subsequent
Addendum’s being signed for Collapse Mechanism. All following AIP’s have the Collapse
Mechanism incorporated.
Technical Approval Summary

RSRF
Route MP Name Str Key Deck Type AIP Status
Signed
M6 431.9 Tebay 2850 Post-Tensioned Yes Approved
M6 432.7 Castle Howe 2853 Pre-Tensioned 1 Yes Approved
M6 430.6 Roundthwaite 2846 Post-Tensioned Yes Approved
Borrowbeck
M6 428.8 2840 Post-Tensioned Yes Approved
Viaduct
M6 430.3 Jeffreys M6 2845 Pre-Tensioned 2 Yes Submitted
2833 &
M6 423.5 Highgill N&S Pre-Tensioned 1 Yes Approved
2834
Lawtland House
M6 430.1 2844 Post-Tensioned Yes Approved
(Rly No 104A)
Pre-Tensioned
M55 24.3 Broughton Circle 3831 Yes Submitted
(Box 1)
M6 432.2 Galloper Well 2852 Pre-Tensioned 3 Yes
M6 441.2 Shap Int 2881 Pre-Tensioned 4 Yes
Farleton
M6 406.3 2793 Pre-Tensioned 5 Yes
Interchange South
Farleton
M6 406.3 2794 Pre-Tensioned 5 Yes
Interchange North
Pre-Tensioned
M55 6.3 Marton Circle East 3802
(Box 2)
Pre-Tensioned
M55 6.2 Marton Circle West 3801
(Box 2)
M6 445.8 Crayston (N/B) 2889 Pre-Tensioned 4
Sedbergh Road
M6 418.6 2818 Pre-Tensioned 3
Interchange Bridge
M6 409.9 Sillfield 2802 Pre-Tensioned 5
A66 84 Bongate Moor 13242 RC Deck
Pre-Tensioned
M6 358.6 Three Stiles F/B 2699
(Rec 1)
Uplift Half Joints
M6 409.1 Lupton 2800 Post-Tensioned Yes Approved
M6 405.9 Moss End Lane 2792 Post-Tensioned
M6 398.6 Cinderbarrow 2778 Post-Tensioned
M6 417.3 Hogghouse 2815 Post-Tensioned
M6 449.0 Greenriggs 2895 Post-Tensioned
A66 32.1 Kentigern 8607 Post-Tensioned
A590 55.0 Woodlands 13215 Pre-Tensioned
12345
Denotes structures with identical Pre-Tensioned beams (e.g. Castle Howe & Highgill)
Table 5 - Technical Approval Summary

Area 13
8 SMIS Activity 1.5 Further Invasive Testing

As half joint assessments have progressed it has become apparent that due to high
chlorides and anticipated crack widths; unknown defects may exist within the inaccessible
areas of the half joints. In order to improve the accuracy of the half joint assessments and
establish the likely risks associated with these unknown defects further invasive testing may
be required to be undertaken.
 During the course of the Tebay Structural Half Joint Assessment further invasive
testing was carried out to bars which the assessment identified as being critical. The
results were then used in assigning Condition Factors for the assessment.

Area 13
9 Half Joint Programme

9.1 Programme
Following agreement of the BD101 review as described in Section 7.2, the next stage in the
IAN 53/04 process is SMIS Activity 1.4: Interim Appraisal. IAN 53/04 cl 3.16 states that the
appraisal is required to identify a deterioration trigger point to feed into a monitoring and
inspection regime.
All of the prioritised structures (excluding M6 Three Stiles Footbridge) have a 40T certified
assessment capacity.
Kier secured funding commencing in 2013-14, to undertake appraisals to the prioritised half
joint structures and the 9 no. underway at the end of the MAC 10 Commission (31/03/2017)
will be completed in 2017/18.
The prioritised order and current envisaged way forward is summarised in Table 6 below:
Revised Span Skew Current

Route MP Name Str Key
Priority (m) (deg) Status
1 M6 431.9 Tebay 2850 32 42 A
2 M6 432.7 Castle Howe 2853 16 6 A
3 M6 430.6 Roundthwaite 2846 33 0 A
4 M6 428.8 Borrowbeck Viaduct 2840 32 0 A
5 M6 430.3 Jeffreys M6 2845 23 14 A
6 M6 423.5 Highgill S 2834 16 16 A
7 M6 430.1 Lawtland House (Rly No 104A) 2844 25 41 A
8 M55 24.3 Broughton Circle 3831 25 0 A
9 M6 409.1 Lupton 2800 26 0 A
Proposed Tranche 1 - Future Assessments
10 M6 432.2 Galloper Well 2852 20 0 B
11 M6 441.2 Shap Int 2881 18 0 B
12 M6 406.3 Farleton Interchange South 2793 18 0 B
13 M6 406.3 Farleton Interchange North 2794 18 0 B
14 M55 6.3 Marton Circle East 3802 23 0 B
15 M55 6.2 Marton Circle West 3801 23 0 B
Proposed Tranche 2 - Future Assessments
16 M6 445.8 Crayston (N/B) 2889 14 0 B
Sedbergh Road Interchange
17 M6 418.6 2818 21 0 B
Bridge
18 M6 409.9 Sillfield 2802 18 20 B
19 A66 84 Bongate Moor 13242 18 17 B
20 M6 358.6 Three Stiles F/B 2699 19 0 B
A – Assessment on going,
B – Assessment not started
Table 6 - Half Joint Assessment Programme
Note: The above programme does not currently include the assessment of the remaining
family of Uplift Half Joints (UHJ). This should be reviewed when the UHJ
assessment of Lupton is completed.

Area 13
9.2 Costings
The approximate cost to carry out a category 2 Half Joint assessment on a typical structure
which initially includes a Strut & Tie assessment then move onto Collapse Mechanism is in
the region of £75,000 to £ 100,000. Therefore it would be prudent to allow £400,000 for
each of the two recommended future tranches of assessment works.

Area 13
10 Recommendations
To continue to implement the Interim Management Strategy for Concrete Half-Joint Deck
Structures in Area 13 the following is recommended:
 The outstanding BD101 Record of Structural Review Form (RSRF) be completed
for structures listed in the future tranches of assessment works.
 Once future tranche 1 & 2 RSRF’s are completed and agreed, secure funding for
the proposed assessment work to be carried out for each of these structures.
 The initial SMIS 1.1 assessment, which is now over 10 years old, resulted in 41No
structures to be designated as SMIS activity 2.1 and are therefore subject to a future
management strategy (HE guidance pending). As an interim management strategy,
upon completion of a structures Principal Inspection, a half joint risk review (similar
to BD54) needs to be undertaken.
 Reinstate the data capture and update the Healthcheck extract to assist in the
implementation of the Interim Management Strategy for Concrete Half-Joint Deck
Structures using the National Structures Programme (NSP) Module for the
Structures Management Information System (SMIS).
 In 2016/17 a scheme was undertaken to expose the uplift half joints and construct
inspection platforms to enable future regular inspection of these uplift half joints.
The works were carried out at four structures (Lupton, Hogghouse, Greenriggs &
Kentigern). Similar works need to be undertaken at the remaining three uplift half
joint structures (Moss End Lane, Cinderbarrow & Woodlands). During these works
the outstanding detailed inspection of Woodlands uplift half joints also need to be
undertaken.

Area 13
11 Appendices
11.1 SMIS May 2014 Healthcheck extract

Area 13

Area 13

Area 13

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Area 13 MAC

IAN 53 Half Joint Assessment Management Plan

Kier Services: Highway

T +44 (0)1768 860902

Report Title IAN 53 Half Joint Assessment Management Plan

Report Number 2120036/R001

Control Date 30 June 2017

© Kier Services Highways i

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3 Composition of Half Joint Structures .....................................................................................5

4 Types of Half Joints ..................................................................................................................7

5 SMIS Activity Stages 1.1 and 1.2 .............................................................................................11

6 SMIS Activity 1.3 Special Inspections .....................................................................................13

7 SMIS Activity 1.4 Assessments ...............................................................................................14

8 SMIS Activity 1.5 Further Invasive Testing.............................................................................17

9 Half Joint Programme ...............................................................................................................18

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© Kier Services Highways 1

Figure 1 - IAN 53/04 Annex A

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2.3 Scope and Exclusions

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M6 365.6 Hardman’s Wood F/B 2710

Table 1 - Half Joint Structures in Area 13

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3 Composition of Half Joint Structures

These are split by route as follows:

Table 2 - Half Joints by Route and Structure Type

M6 Farleton, M6 Carnforth, and M55 Marton Circle are Interchange overbridges at M6

The M55 was constructed from 1974 to 1975.

© Kier Services Highways 5

3.2 Forms of Construction

Reinforced Concrete drop-in span 4

Pre-tensioned Beam drop-in span 47

Post-tensioned Beam drop-in span 16

Table 3 - Half Joints by Forms of Construction

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4 Types of Half Joints

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4.2 Uplift Half Joints

Figure 3 – Typical Uplift Half Joint Details

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4.3 Typical Detailing

Figure 4a – Typical RC table span half joint detail (Lower)

Figure 4b – Typical Pre-tensioned beam half joint detail (Upper)

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Figure 4c – Typical Post-tensioned beam half joint detail (Upper)

Figure 4d – Typical Post-tensioned table span half joint detail (Lower)

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5 SMIS Activity Stages 1.1 and 1.2

Significant defects are defined in IAN 53/04 cl3.4 as:

a) Crack widths > 2mm;

To identify these defects the Special Inspections focused on the following:

1) Failure of the expansion joint over the half joint;

© Kier Services Highways 11

Table 4 - Prioritised HJ structures

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6 SMIS Activity 1.3 Special Inspections

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7 SMIS Activity 1.4 Assessments

7.1 Introduction to Assessments