SECTION 26 - SOIL STABILISATION

26.0 SOIL STABILISATION (GROUND TREATMENT)

26.1 Description

This work involves the stabilisation of the soil in the area below the embankment
to improve the bearing capacity.

The maximum height of fill is approximately 8.5m and the width of fill at the top
is approximately 18.7m.

The area covered is as shown in the drawing.

26.2 Soil Characteristics

The details of the underlying soil strata as surveyed by a local firm of soil
investigation contractors are given in the drawings. These details will need to be
verified by the successful tenderer by sinking supplementary boreholes and/or
making other investigations before commencement of physical work at site.

26.3 Required Treatment

The objective of the proposed treatment is to bring about improvement of the

condition of the underlying soil strata so that the driving of piles to support the
proposed embankment may be avoided. The order of improvement required will
be such that :-

(a) The soil attains a bearing capacity of 400 kN/m 2 for the entire treated area
under the proposed embankments.

(b) After completion of the treatment the ground does not suffer any
settlement in excess of 5mm over a period of 180 days at the top of the
treated area, i.e. the interface between existing ground level and new
embankment bottom. An appropriate system of monitoring settlement will
have to be submitted by the contractor for the S.O's approval before
commencement of physical ground treatment.

26.4 Method Of Treatment

The method of treatment proposed for the soil improvement shall be one which
has been successfully implemented locally. The contractor shall submit
supporting evidence to substantiate this requirement. He shall also submit a
detailed method specification for the work to be undertaken in the course of
treatment. Copies of any published Code of Practice to which the treatment
complies shall be submitted when requested by the S.O.

26.5 Treatment Period

The contractor shall indicate the time he requires to complete the treatment, i.e.
the period from the possession of site until the site is ready for the
S26/1
 commencement of embankment construction. The desired period is not more
than 60 days.

26.6 Adjacent Structures

The contractor shall ensure that in the course of undertaking the soil
improvement treatment no nearby structures, installations or other facilities such
as the service lines of TNB, KTM, STMB, JBA., etc. or nearby roads or other
buildings, etc. are adversely affected. The contractor shall indemnify the Client
against all claims by neighbouring property owners/occupants arising from such
adverse effects.

26.7 Patented Systems

The contractor shall indemnify the Client against all claims for royalty, licence or
patent fees which may be claimed by patent holders or licences for use of any
patented system of ground treatment. Where such a system is used the
contractor is expected to engage the local licensee as sub-contractor for the
specialist work.

26.8 Trial Area

The contractor will be required to try out his proposed method of treatment on a
selected trial area within the proposed site. Such work shall be done on an area
not less than 500m2 in accordance with the offered method specifications. Such
work will be closely monitored by the S.O. to ascertain whether or not the
predicted results are obtained. The contractor shall provide all assistance
necessary to enable the S.O. to monitor the effects of the treatment. Such trial
shall be completed within the agreed time interval. If the S.O. is satisfied that
the proposed method of treatment meets the contract's requirements he may
permit the contractor to extend the treatment to other parts of the site in
accordance with the agreed or amended method specifications.

26.9 Work Proper

The contractor shall thereafter submit his programme of work to the S.O. for his
approval which when approved shall be strictly adhered to.

The contractor shall in consultation with the S.O. propose a system of

monitoring the results. He shall install the necessary monitoring devices and
monitor progress and keep separate records thereof.

The contractor shall prior to commencing treatment carry out Standard

Penetration Tests over the site to a grid of 10m intervals and maintain
appropriate records.

The contractor shall thereafter carry out the treatment work as per the method
adopted in the trial area or such modified method as the S.O. may require.

On completion of the treatment Standard Penetration Tests shall be carried out

to confirm the effectiveness of the treatment.

S26/2
26.10 Results Of Treatment

Based upon the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) values presented in the
borehole log data the contractor is required to indicate the SPT values at various
depths which will be obtained after the completion of the treatment. The basis
of arrival at the expected SPT values shall be indicated by the contractor who
shall take into account the soil classification grading and other properties as well
as the water table levels at site, the desired bearing capacity and settlement limits
mentioned above.

The expected SPT values will be revised jointly by the contractor and the S.O.
after obtaining the firs set of values (before treatment) on the above basis (or an
agreed revision thereof). The second set of values obtained after the completion
of the soil treatment is required to match or improve the predicted improved
values.

Where the predicted improvement is not achieved the S.O. may direct that such
other tests be carried out as may be necessary to ascertain the adequacy of the
underlying soil to meet the load bearing and settlement criteria mentioned in
Clause 26.3. Such additional tests shall be carried out entirely at the cost of the
contractor.

Should such tests reveal a failure of the treatment to achieve the order of desired
improvement the S.O. may at his sole discretion proceed to employ alternative
means to obtain the support for the embankment construction over such
portions of the site.

No payment will be due to the contractor for the soil improvement work carried
out by him on such affected portions of the site.

26.11 Insurance

(a) Notwithstanding the indemnity and cover provided under Clauses 32 and
33 in the "Conditions of Contract" hereof, the contractor shall as a
condition precedent to the commencement of any work under this contract
effect and maintain an Insurance (Third party) to cover the liability of the
contractor and/or of any such sub-contractor in respect of any claims
arising from the disturbances and disruptions caused to the services of
KTM, TNB, Telecoms, Waterworks and road vehicles and also distress
caused to any neighbouring structures, etc. which remain in the vicinity of
the site.

(b) Such insurance policies as referred to above shall be purchased and

maintained in the joint names of the Client i.e. the Government and the
contractor and where applicable any sub-contractor, for the whole
construction period which is deemed to include the "Defects Liability
Period". It shall be the duty of the contractor to produce this policy of
insurance before commencement of work.

26.12 Bill Of Quantities

S26/3
The tenderer must submit a complete itemised Bill of Quantities prepared in line
with the Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement, 2nd Edition
(CESMM2).

The contractor shall stipulate clearly all conditions of tender in a separate sheet.
He should also spell out all the assistance he expects/needs from the Client.

The contractor shall submit with the tender acceptable evidence of his or his
sub-contractor's experience in works of this nature in this region.

S26/4