DRAFTING MATERIALS

AND TOOLS
ITS USES/FUNCTIONS
 DRAWING PAPER
 This type does not
groove easily
when pressure is applied to
the pencil.
 Oslo paperis commonly
used but bond paper is also recommended.
 MASKING TAPE
This is used for
fastening the drawing
paper on the drawing
table or drawing board
because it does not
damage the board and it
will not damage the
paper if it is removed by pulling it off.
 PENCIL SHARPENER

Pencils should be sharpened whenever they

show sign of dullness. Various types and
designs are available in the stores.
 ERASER
This is used to clean the
dirt off the drawing. A soft
eraser is advantageous in
removing smudges and
pencil marks, whereas, a
harder eraser is useful for
making changes and
correcting errors in the
drawing.
DRAWING PENCIL
This is one of the most
important tools in drawing. It
comes in various grades. The
grade of pencil to be used
depends on the quality of
paper to be used.
HARD PENCILS – are used where extreme
accuracy is required especially working on
graphs, diagrams and charts.
MEDIUM PENCILS – are used for general
purpose work in drawing.

SOFT PENCILS – are too soft to be used in

mechanical drafting. They are very useful for art
work of various kinds.
TRIANGULAR SCALES
 A tool generally used
when reproducing a
drawing in an enlarged or
reduced for to some regular
proportion.
 Its main function is to
reproduce the
measurements of an object in full size, reduced
size, and enlarged size.
 ERASING SHIELD

This is made up of a thin metal with irregular

holes. It is a useful tool to protect the rest of the
drawing when clearing up smudges, unnecessary
pencil lines and other erasures.
DRAWING INSTRUMENTS

are used for drawing and

designing purposes.
T - SQUARE
 • a drawing instrument used
when making horizontal
lines. It is also used for
guiding triangles when
drawing vertical lines.
• made up of wood, plastic
or the combination of both.
FIXED HEAD – the head is fastened to the
blade. It is used for ordinary work.
MOVABLE HEAD / ADJUSTABLE HEAD –
it has one fixed and one adjustable head and
used only for occasional drawing.
DETACHABLE HEAD / REMOVABLE
HEAD – it is designed for comfort when
carrying the T – square.
 TRIANGLES
• it is a three-sided ruler,
which typically has two
equal sides meeting at a 90
degree angle and to a third
side at 45, 30, including 60
degree angles.
Commonly used triangles
are: a. 30 degrees X 60 degrees
 b.45 degrees X 45 degrees
• This drawing instrument
COMPASS is used when drawing
arcs and circles. It is used
in a similar way to a
divider. It is composed of
one with the pen leg and
the needle point leg being
held together with a
handle.
 DIVIDER
• it is used when
transferring
measurements, dividing
lines and arcs into the
desired number of equal
parts. It can easily transfer
accurate measurements by
adjusting the divider
points.
 PROTRACTOR •instrument divided a semi-
circular

into 180 equal parts,

each of which is called
degree. It is used to
determine gradations
of the degrees when
measuring arcs, angles
and circles.