Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Dr.Vinutha.M.G
III PG Scholar,
Dept of Roga Nidana
GAMC, Bangalore
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
COMPOSITION
COLLECTION
PRECAUTION
PRESERVATION
MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
STOOL CULTURE
MALA/PURISHA
Human feces - STOOL.
Meconium
•Culture
•Consistency •Cellophane tape
•Colour Permanent Temprory •Baeremann tech.
•Composition •Ova quantitaion (Stoll & Kato)
Floatation
Sedimentation
Hard Constipation
• Exclusively breast fed infants- loose and green or pasty and yellow
stools.
• Infants fed on cow’s milk paler yellow colour and of a much
preparations- firmer consistency.
• Babies fed on newer modified cow’s Clay coloured or greenish stools.
milk-
• Some healthy children pass frequent, loose stools containing
undigested vegetable matter called as
Toddler’s diarrhoea.
Contd..
ODOUR
Depends on- PH of stool
Methyl sulfides
Benzopyrrole volatiles(indole and sketole) &
Hydrogen sulphide
substances that produce normal odour- Intestinal
bacterial fermentation and putrefaction.
Odour Condition
• pH – 5.8 to 7.5
• Nitrogen - <2.5g/24hrs
PH
Procedure Increased pH- Decreased pH-ACIDIC
ALKALINE
oxygen oxidises
benzidine in acidmedium
0.75 2+ To Brown
1.0 3+ to
2.0 4+ Orange
•Culture
•Consistency •Cellophane tape
•Colour Permanent Temprory •Baeremann tech.
•Ova quantitaion
•Composition •(Stoll & Kato)
Sedimentation Floatation
STANDARD
Rough 1-2mg of
indication WET feces
MOUNT
No. of
eggs/ gram
Thick smear-Kato technique
MC. MASTER’S METHOD
Chamber
Square grid on
the roof of Eggs in 20mg
chamber
Sticky side of
3 consecutive
tape pressed
days @ early
against the skin
morning
across the anus
Drop of
Sticky side of
toulene/xylol
tape placed on
betW. Tape &
glass slide
slide
STOOL CULTURE
Gram –ve - E. coli,
Enterobacter, Proteus,
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa,
Bacteroides.
Campylobacter
TCBS Agar
culture media -
media–
Campylobacter
Cholera.
species.
MacConkey
media – Yersinia
enterocolitica
Hanging drop test:
Cultures
Harada mori filter
paper strip culture Agar plate culture
S.Stercoralis S.Stercoralis
Charcoal culture
Trichostrongylus sensitive
Contd..
HARADA MORI FILTER PAPER STRIP CULTURE:
AGAR PLATE CULTURE
App. 2g
• Inoculated • Sealed • 2 days
• Agar plates • Room • Larva crawl
temperature over agar
CHARCOAL CULTURE
Contd..
Wet film- microscopy
Culture on selective media- salmonella, shigella &
Camphylo bacter spp.,etc
Molecular genetics-PCR probes- detect Shiga toxin- E.coli
EIA- detection of rotavirus & adeno virus- children
Diarrhoel outbreaks- Norovirus-PCR/electron
microscopy
Outbreaks of viral meningitis/encephalitis-viral
culture
INTESTINAL PARASITES
Entamoeba histolytica- Pathogenic
Entameoba coli-Non pathogenic
Endolimax nana- Non pathogenic
Iodamoeba buetschlii –Non pathogenic
Balantidium coli-Pathogenic
Giardia lamblia-Pathogenic
Trichomonas vaginalis- Pathogenic
Cryptosporidium parvum-Pathogenic
Ascaris lumbricoides- Large round worm
Contd..
Enterobius vermicularis-pin worm
Contd..
Trichuris trichura- Whipworm
Necator americanus and Ancylostoma
duodenale- Hookworm
Necator americanus and Ancylostoma
duodenale
Strongyloides stercoralis-Threadworm
Taenia solium- Tape worm
Taenia solium- Tape worm
MALA / PURISHA
Avashya
mruthyu • Excess ushna
karaka
Mala pareeksha Contd..
Condition Lakshana