Shree Ambabai Talim Sanstha’s

SANJAY BHOKARE GROUP OF INSTITUTES,MIRAJ

FACULTY OF POLYTECHNIC . (1552)

Report On

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
Submitted by

Mr. Dhandore Pratik Dayanand

Class: TY Electrical
Under the Guidance of
Prof. M.E. Melage

Department of Electrical Engineering

Academic Year: 2019– 20

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 Shree Ambabai Talim Sanstha’s

SANJAY BHOKARE GROUP OF INSTITUTES,MIRAJ

FACULTY OF POLYTECHNIC. (1552)

Department of Electrical Engineering

Certificate
This is to certify that Dhandore Pratik Dayanand. Have satisfactorily completed a
project report on title INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
In Diploma Electrical Engineering, .
Academic year: 2019 – 20
Date: .
Place: Sanjay Bhokare Group of Institutes, Miraj.

Mr. M.E. Melage. Mr. A.A Sutar

Project Guide HOD EE External

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the outset, we wish to express our deep sense of gratitude to our guide Mr. M.E. Melage
for his guidance, constant encouragement, and the allowing us to use all the facilities in the
department without which it would have been not possible.

We would like to thank Mr. A.A. Sutar, Head of Electrical Engineering department for his
valuable guidance and encouragement.

We are also grateful to Dean/Principal Mr.C.P. Diwate who has been a constant source of
inspiration for us.

We would also like to thank our Family and others who helped us directly or indirectly.

Date :
Place:
Miraj

Name of student Roll no. Sign

Dhandore Pratik Dayanand

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 INDEX

Sr. No. Content

1 Introduction

2 Textile Control Panel

3 Transformers

4 Types Of Transformer

5 MCB

6 Tools

7 BusBar

8 Conclusion

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 1. Introduction

India’s textiles sector is one of the oldest industries in Indian economy dating back
several centuries. India's overall textile exports during FY 2017-18 stood at US$
39.2 billion in FY18 and is expected to increase to US$ 82.00 billion by 2021 from
US$ 31.65 billion in FY19*.
The Indian textiles industry is extremely varied, with the hand-spun and hand-
woven textiles sectors at one end of the spectrum, while the capital intensive
sophisticated mills sector at the other end of the spectrum. The decentralised power
looms/ hosiery and knitting sector form the largest component of the textiles
sector. The close linkage of the textile industry to agriculture (for raw materials
such as cotton) and the ancient culture and traditions of the country in terms of
textiles make the Indian textiles sector unique in comparison to the industries of
other countries. The Indian textile industry has the capacity to produce a wide
variety of products suitable to different market segments, both within India and
across the world.

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 2. Textile Control Panel

Backed by a diligent team of professionals, we have been able to manufacture and

supply an elevated range of Textile Control Panel. The offered panel is
manufactured with the help of basic material that is sourced from authentic
vendors in the market and contemporary tools in compliance with set industrial
norms. Our offered panel is widely used in number of textile industries for
controlling and monitoring devices and machines. We offer this panel in different
technical specifications as per the information laid down by our clients.

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 3. Transformers

The transformer is one of the most common devices found in electrical system that
links the circuits which are operating at different voltages .These are commonly
used in applications where there is a need of AC voltage conversion from one
voltage level to another. It is possible either to decrease or increase the voltage and
currents by the use of transformer in AC circuits based on the requirements of the
electrical equipment or device or load. Various applications use wide variety of
transformers including power, instrumentation and pulse transformers.

In a broad, transformers are categorized into two types, namely, electronic

transformers and power transformers. Electronic transformers operating voltages
are very low and are rated at low power levels. These are used in consumer
electronic equipments like televisions, personal computers, CD/DVD players, and
other devices. The term power transformer is referred to the transformers with high
power and voltage ratings. These are extensively used in power generation,
transmission, distribution and utility systems to increase or decrease the voltage
levels. However, the operation involved in these two types of transformers is same.
So let us go in detail about the transformers.

3.1 Classification of Transformers

Transformers are classified into several types depends the various factors including
voltage ratings, construction, type of cooling, number of phases of the AC system,
the place where it is employed, etc. Let us discuss some of these types of
transformers.

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Based on Function
Transformers are classified into two types based on the conversion of voltage level.
These are step-up and step-down transformers.

3.2 Step-up Transformers

In step-up transformer, the secondary voltage is more than the primary voltage.
This is due to the lesser number of coils in the primary compared to the secondary.
This type of transformer is used to raise the voltage to a higher level. These are
used in transmission systems and are rated at higher power levels.

Step-down Transformers
In step-down transformer, secondary voltage is less than the primary voltage due to
the less number of turns in the secondary winding. Hence, this type of transformer
is used to reduce the voltage to specified levels of the circuit. Most of the power
supplies use the step-down transformer to keep the circuit operating range to a
specified safer voltage limit. These types of transformers are used in distribution
systems (power transformers) and in electronic circuits (electronic transformers).

It is to be noted that the transformer is a reversible device, so it can be used as both

step-up and step-down transformer. For example, if the circuit needs a high voltage
we will connect the HV terminals to the load whereas the load or circuit needs a
low voltage, we will connect the LV terminals to the load.

3.3 Stepup and Stepdown TF

The ratio of the voltage of a transformer is determined by the turns ratio. With the

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use of larger number of turns in the winding, higher will be the voltage produced in
it. Hence, a step down transformer has lesser number of turns on secondary to
produce a low voltage and has more turns on primary to withstand high voltage
levels of the AC supply.

Turns Ratio = Primary Voltage/ Secondary Voltage = Primary Turns/ Secondary

turns

The turns ratio is, VP /VS = NP /NS

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 4. Types Of Transformer

4.1 Electric transformer

When the primary winding is energized with alternating voltage source, an

alternating magnetic flux or field will be produced in the transformer core. This
magnetic flux amplitude depends on the applied voltage magnitude, frequency of
the supply and the number of turns on the primary side. This flux circulates
through the core and hence links with the secondary winding. Based on the
principle of electromagnetic induction, this magnetic linking induces a voltage in
the secondary winding. This is called as mutual induction between two circuits.
The secondary voltage depends on the number of turns on the secondary as well as
magnetic flux and frequency.

Transformers are extensively used in electrical power systems to produce the

variable values of voltage and currents at the same frequency. Therefore , by an
appropriate primary and secondary turns proportion desired voltage ratio is
obtained by the transformer.

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 5. MCB

A miniature circuit breaker (MCB) automatically switches off electrical circuit

during an abnormal condition of the network means in overload condition as well
as faulty condition.

Nowadays we use an MCB in low voltage electrical network instead of a fuse. The
fuse may not sense it but the miniature circuit breaker does it in a more reliable
way. MCB is much more sensitive to overcurrent than fuse.

Handling an MCB is electrically safer than a fuse. Quick restoration of supply is

possible in case of a fuse as because fuses must be re-wirable or replaced for
restoring the supply. Restoration is easily possible by just switching it ON. Let’s
look at the working of the miniature circuit breaker.

Inside of an MCB
Inside an MCB
The working principle of MCB

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Whenever continuous overcurrent flows through MCB, the bimetallic strip is
heated and deflects by bending. This deflection of bimetallic strip releases a
mechanical latch. As this mechanical latch is attached with the operating
mechanism, it causes to open the miniature circuit breaker contacts, and the MCB
turns off thereby stopping the current to flow in the circuit. To restart the flow of
current the MCB must be manually turned ON. This mechanism protects from the
faults arising due to overcurrent or overload.

But during short circuit condition, the current rises suddenly, causing
electromechanical displacement of plunger associated with a tripping coil or
solenoid. The plunger strikes the trip lever causing immediate release of latch
mechanism consequently open the circuit breaker contacts. This was a simple
explanation of a miniature circuit breaker working principle.

An MCB is very simple, easy to use and is not generally repaired. It is just easier to
replace. The trip unit is the main part, responsible for its proper working. There are
two main types of trip mechanism. A bi-metal provides protection against overload
current and an electromagnet provides protection against short-circuit current.

5.1 MCB operation

If the circuit is overloaded for a long time, the bi-metallic strip becomes
overheated and deformed. This deformation of Bi-metallic strip causes,
displacement of latch point. The moving contact of the MCB is arranged by means
of spring pressure, with this latch point, that a little displacement of latch causes,

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release of spring and makes the moving contact to move for opening the MCB.

The current coil or trip coil is placed so that during short circuit fault the magneto-
motive force (mmf) of the coil causes its plunger to hit the same latch point and
make the latch to be displaced. Again, when operating lever of the miniature circuit
breaker is operated by hand, that means when MCB goes off position manually, the
same latch point is displaced as a result moving contact separated from fixed
contact in the same manner.

It may be due to deformation of a bi-metallic strip, or increased mmf of a trip coil

or maybe a manual operation, the same latch point is displaced and same deformed
spring is released, which ultimately responsible for movement of the moving
contact. When the moving contact separated from fixed contact, there may be a
high chance of arc. This arc then goes up through the arc runner and enters arc
splitters and is finally quenched. When we switch it on, we reset the displaced
operating latch to its previous on position and the MCB is ready for another switch
off or trip operation.
The Relay is a switching device which gives a signal to the circuit breaker as soon
as the fault occurs in the power system. ... It is used to control or select one among
many circuits. It uses one per circuit. As an amplifier. Relay acts an electrical
amplifier for discrete signal.

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 6. TOOLS

Electric Tester

You need to have a voltage tester of some type for electrical work, and one that
you trust is working properly! This can be anything from a $2 neon voltage check,
to a $2000 digital multi-meter, or anything in between. The important thing is to
ensure that it is working so you can verify that you have the power off on any
circuit you may be working with. Check it on a known live source before trusting
it to determine if your circuit is dead.

Screwdrivers

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It is essential to have a good quality set of screwdrivers. It is best to purchase them
in a complete set rather than individually, as this will save you money, and
increase the chances that you will have the driver that best fits the need.

Electric Drill

For larger projects, with a lot of drilling required (wood studs, etc.), then an
electric drill is more practical. A 1/2″ medium duty drill is a minimum for driving
a wood auger bit.

Knife

You will need to have a good knife, and I prefer a standard utility knife for
stripping the PVC jacket from Romex, stripping large gauge wire, and for many

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other jobs as well.

Wire Strippers

Have a good quality wire stripper. I prefer a T-Stripper with a wire cutter, light-
duty plier nose, and holes for bending termination loops on wires for most home
electrical work. A combination crimper, cutter, stripper, bolt cutter and more, like
those found in automotive electrical repair kits can be very handy as well, but the
multi-purpose aspect means that the wire stripping function is compromised.
A mechanical wire stripper does a really good job, especially for commercial or
industrial applications, but is not really necessary for the novice DIYér.

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Lineman’s Plier

A lineman’s plier, or a bull nose plier with a wire cutter, and at least 8″or 9″
handles is also an essential part of the electrical tool list. We use these for cutting,
bending, twisting wires, etc.

Standard, Long-Nosed Pliers

Also known as needle-nosed pliers. These tools are also very handy to have as a
part of your electrical tool kit. They should have wire cutting knives as well.

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Hammer

Have a good quality, 16oz. claw hammer. You will need this for driving staples,
nails, etc.

Nut Drivers

A good set of nut drivers is not essential, but come in very handy for certain jobs
where a wrench or a socket set isn’t practical.

Electrical Tape

Every electrical tool kit should have at least a roll of black electrical tape, and
having a few colours like red and blue helps as well for identifying wires, etc.

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Hacksaw

Critical if working with EMT conduit, flex, etc. If cutting a lot of metal, then an
electric reciprocating saw will save you time.

Flashlight/Headlamp

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For when you need some extra light for dark places, or when the power is off while
working on existing systems.
I have given you a list of many electrical tools and equipment here that you may
need; some are absolutely essential, and some that will not be required or are just
nice to have, depending on the complexity of the job at hand. There are many
more electrical tools available, and lots of gadgets that are designed to make the
job easier. Some work well, some not.

I will be adding more articles taking a closer look at some of the electrical tools
and equipment listed here in the near future. Plus, watch for my upcoming video
where I “showcase” my personal toolbox and its contents.

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 7. Busbar

Electrical busbar systems (sometimes simply referred to as busbar systems) are a

modular approach to electrical wiring, where instead of a standard cable wiring to
every single electrical device, the electrical devices are mounted onto an adapter
which is directly fitted to a current carrying busbar.

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 8. Conclusion

It is a definite fact that industrial training is important for students. It shows that
the industrial training program has improved their ‘personal attitude’,
‘Communication skills’ and ‘Work attitude’. The experience gained from training
sharpen the business acumen of the students and open the doors to better
employment prospects. In essence, the procedure of the placement needs to be
improved. It is significant for future research to incorporate a wider range of soft
skills e.g. Leadership, teamwork spirit to ascertain the favorable results.

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