CHAPTER 1

Eggshalk”
Eggshells to Chalk
Group 1’s Investigatory Project
(By : Ysabel Alameda, Johann Cruz, Kaycel Andrade, Destiny Pimentel, Jared
Gonzales, Marco Olivera and Cassandra Bantug)

CHAPTER 1 :

Introduction and Its Background :

An eggshell is a thin and hard outer layer of an egg. This is very fragile and can
break easily, like chalk.
According to the research, the components of an eggshell are almost entirely
made of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) crystals. It is a semipermeable membrane
which means that air and moisture can pass through its pores. The shell has a
thin outermost coating called the bloom or cuticle that helps keep out bacteria
and dust.
There’s a special property that’s unique to all solid materials. This is the ability
to be brittle. Brittleness is a property of solid materials to break into pieces.
More examples of this include glass and ceramics.
An eggshell is almost entirely made up of calcium (Ca), carbon (C) and oxygen
(O) combined, making a compound called calcium carbonate or CaCO₃.

Chalks have the same compound used to make it. This is why the researchers
think it may be possible to make chalk using eggshells.

The researchers want to make chalk to help schools, particularly public

schools, for they don’t have enough funds or resources of money to buy chalks
for the teachers to use.

Statement of the Problem :

This research wants to find out if eggshells can be a good alternative for
making commercial chalk.
The research specifically wanted to test out these questions :

1) Can eggshells be an alternative ingredient for making the eggshalk?

2) Will the eggshalk be more effective than the commercial chalk?
 Formulating the Hypotheses :
Two hypotheses were made by the researchers to address the question
whether eggshalk is more effective than the commercial chalk in the market.
The following are the hypotheses :

1) The researchers think eggshells may be an alternate material to make chalk

because it has calcium carbonate like what most chalks need.

2) The researchers also thinks that the eggshalk isn’t more effective than the
commercial chalk because of the simple method used against the commercial
production.

Significance of the Study :

The purpose of this study is to help the students and faculty members discover
methods to find cheaper and easy-to-do chalk using recyclable materials.
The study can help lessen wastage of eggshells, especially for those who loves
to eat eggs.
It can also help teachers, students, and faculty members save money and effort
in buying chalk in stores. This also helps public schools because those schools
don’t have enough money to buy commercial chalk. It also helps young people
to have creative minds and have quality time between parents and children
while making the eggshalk.

The project can give benefits for those who can’t afford commercial chalks by
having their own business by simply following the instruction on how to make
an eggshalk.
An eggshalk can also help make sure that the chalk is not toxic.

Scope and Delimitation :

The researchers’ topic is about “How to make chalks out of eggshells”
This study will take from July 2017 until January 2018.

The researchers will do an experiment to find the answer to the hypotheses

made.

This study is only limited to the investigation of eggshells used as an

alternative material used for making chalk.
We chose this study for further investigation if the eggshell can be an effective
 material for the chalk.
The main subject that we’re studying are the eggshells. We use the eggshells
because they have the same compound (calcium carbonate) with a chalk. They
also have the same qualities; like for example, they can break easily.
In this investigatory project, we will make an easier and economical way to
make chalks. Only using a few materials than using a machine which will need
a lot of money. You can save if you use recycled materials like the eggshells
which will be what the researchers will use in this IP. We won’t need electricity
as well, so it’ll save more power. The researchers’ goal is to save money, time
and effort.
The researchers found this accessible because the researchers can find these
materials anywhere.

Definition of Terms :
The researchers defined the following terminology based on how it is used in
the investigatory project.
eggshalk – a chalk made from eggshells.

eggshell – the outer covering of a hard shelled chicken egg. Chicken eggshells
contain calcium carbonate.

calcium carbonate – a chemical compound with the formula CaCO₃. It is a

common substance found in rocks and the main component of pearls and
shells.

brittle – easy to break. Objects like chalk and eggshells are examples of brittle
materials

chalk – is a soft, white, porous sedimentary carbonate rock, a form of

limestone composed of the mineral calcite. Calcite is an ionic salt called
calcium carbonate.
*carbonate rocks – are a class of sedimentary rocks. The one major type is
limestone.
*calcite – is a carbonate material and the most stable solid material to exist in
more than one form of calcium carbonate.
*limestone – is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of
marine organisms.
*sedimentary rock – type of rock formed by the deposition of that material at
the Earth’s surface and within bodies of water
*deposition – geological process in which soil and rocks are added to land
mass.
 ingredient – a substance used when performing recipes, projects and
researches.

recyclable – Recycling is the process of converting waste into something

useful. Eggshells and plastic bottles are examples of recyclable materials

toxic – harmful to humans, animals and to plants. Chemicals like insect

repellant and bleach are examples of toxic substances.

semipermeable membrane – a type of biological, polymeric membrane that

will allow certain molecules to pass through it.

biological – is an enclosing that acts as a barrier within living things.

polymeric – a large molecule composed of many repeated subunits.

subunits – is a subdivision of a larger unit.

pores – a very small opening in the eggshell.

bloom – the natural covering of the eggshell that seals the eggshell pores. The
bloom helps to prevent bacteria from getting inside the shell and reduces
moisture loss from the egg.

JULY 27, 2017 BY GRP1SCIENCEQUEENS