Name: ____________________________ Date Performed: ___________________________

Course: __________________________ Date Submitted: ___________________________

Group No. : _________________________ Instructor: _______________________________

Experiment 1
Measurements

Introduction
We use measurement every day of our lives. In chemistry, all measurements are made in metric
system or in its expanded modernized version, the SI system.

The number of significant figures in a measurement will depend on the type of measuring device
being used and the skill of the operator. Therefore, significant figure is one that knew to be reliable.

In this experiment we shall consider the units used to measure matter and some mathematical
operations used in making and using measurements. We shall first consider the metric system and
relationships between the two systems and within the metric system. And finally we shall consider the
measurement and use temperature, heat, and density.

Objective: At the experiment the students will be able to learn measurements of quantities such as
length, volume, mass, density and temperature using different apparatus and to express such as
quantities in standard units.

Chemical: Water

Apparatus: ruler beaker Erlenmeyer flask

Block of wood thermometer graduated cylinder
Stirring rod soft drink bottle pebbles

Procedure

ROUNDING OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

Determine the circumference of a watch glass to the first decimal place of centimeter. To do
this, measure the diameter to the first decimal of a centimeter and multiple by 3.1416. The product will
come out with several decimal places, but since the actual measurement is precise only in the first
decimal places, round off the result to the first decimal place only. This is done by considering what is
greater that one-half as a whole and disregarding what is less than one-half.
Diameter of watch glass
Trial 1 9.9 cm
Trial 2 9.9 cm
Trial 3 9.9 cm

Average 1 32 cm
Circumferential as calculated 2 32 cm
Round off 3 32 cm

Which of the two numbers will you consider more correct? Explain
.
 Based on our experiment, the measurements were at the same in all of the
trials. We cannot consider which is more correct because their measurements
were all identical after trying three times.

Practice measuring 100 ml of water by the use pf graduated cylinder, adding and
removing water from it until the lower meniscus coincides with the 100-ml graduation. Up to
what significant figure can measure a volume of a liquid with your graduated cylinder?

Measure with a graduated cylinder, as accurately as possible, the capacity of at least two
of the following glassware, test tube, 50- ml beaker, 250- ml Erlenmeyer flask. Fill the container
with water and carefully pour the contents into the graduated cylinder. Make three trials for each
measurement. Compare the measure volume with the marked volume. When a beaker has a rated
capacity of 100- ml, does it mean that it as to be filled to the brim?

Volume of cylinder (with correct number of significant figures) 25 ml

Volume in ml
__________

Trials

I II III Average

Marked Volume

Test tube 29 ml 28 ml 30 ml 29 ml__

(Glassware)

_ Beaker 50 ml 49 ml 50 ml 49. 7 ml _
(Glassware)
MEASUREMENT OF VOLUME

Determine the volume of pebble by water displacement. This is done by immersing the
pebble in water contained in a graduated cylinder. The increase in volume as the water rises in
the cylinder is the volume of the pebble. What principle is involved here?

Final reading 19. 3 mL

Initial reading 15 mL

Volume of pebble 4.3 mL

Explain how will you compute the cube?

Length x Width x Height

MEASUREMENT OF WEIGHT

Weight separately three beakers of identical make and capacity in a trip scale balance. Be
sure that your recorded weights contain the proper number of significant figures. Calculate the
average weight of the three beakers and the deviation of the weight of each beaker from the
average weight.

Deviation

Beaker No. 1 106 g 27. 9 g

Beaker No. 2 72.4 g -5. 7 g

Beaker No. 3 55.8 g -22.3 g

Average weight 78.1 g

MEASUREMENT OF DENSITY

Weight the pebble used in the preceding exercise on a beam balance. Use the volume
obtained in the water displacement method. Calculate its density.

Water of pebble 12.5 g

Volume of pebble 19.3 mL

 Density of pebble 2.91 g/mL

What is the unit of density in this exercise?

Weight a clean and dry graduated cylinder in the balance. (Remove the cylinder freeze
the pan after weighting.) Get a sample of a liquid from your instructor and carefully pour into the
cylinder enough liquid not to exceed the maximum graduation of a cylinder. Read and record the
volume. Weight the cylinder and the liquid. (Be sure to wipe off any spelled liquid from the side
of the cylinder before weighing.) Calculate the weight and density of the liquid. Get the correct
density of the liquid from your instructor.

Weight of cylinder and liquid 47.99 g

Weight of empty cylinder 34.90 g

Weight of liquid 13.90 g

Volume of liquid 9.40 ml

Density of liquid (specify the unit) 1. 48 g/ mL

Density of liquid (true value) 1 g/mL

Percent error 48 %

MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE

Measure the temperature of tap water by means of a thermometer. Read it in degrees

Centigrade and convert this into degrees Fahrenheit by the use formula.

F – 9/5 C + 32

Temperature 31 ℃ 87.8℉

Optional Experiment

Perform the following measurements in metric system and then calculate the
corresponding value in English unit:
1. Length of glass rod 300 cm 762 in 63.5 ft.
2. Volume of a rectangular block of wood 22.94 cc. 1.4 cu in
3. Capacity of a soft drink bottle ml 0.75 pt. 0.375 qt.
4. Weight of a 5- peso coin 17 g 0.6 oz. 0.74 lb.