SEMINAR

ON

AN EMERGING MATERIAL FOR

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY
Guided by Submitted By
Prof. V. C. Renge Rohit D. Sahu
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 Content

1) Introduction
2) Properties of Graphene
3) Synthesis
4) Advantages and disadvantages
5) Companies in the Graphene Space
6) Applications
7) Conclusion
8) Reference

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 INTRODUCTION
• Graphene is a one-atom-thick planar
sheet of carbon atoms.

• Graphite itself consists of many

graphene sheets stacked together.

• It is an allotrope of carbon that are

packed in a honeycomb crystal
lattice.

• Graphene is thin, transparent and

flexible substance.

• It is the strongest material ever

discovered. 3
 PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE
 C-C bond length is about 0.142nm.
 High tensile strength about 130GPa.
 It is 200 times stronger than steel.
 Graphene absorbs 2.3% of white light; i.e. it is almost
transparent.
 It is Very light material i.e. 0.77mg/sq. m which is 1000
times lighter than same size of paper.
 It is Hexagonal structural element of carbon allotropes.
 Graphene is the highly conductive material then silver and
copper.

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 GRAPHEN : SYNTHESIS

Two basic technique used are :

1. MECHANICAL EXFOLIATION (ME)
2. CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITON(CVD)

Graphene layer formed using Scotch tape(ME)

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1. MECHANICAL EXFOLIATION (ME):
Mechanical exfoliation separates different layers of graphene from a
graphite. Adhesive tape is pressed onto the graphite and peeled away
when some layers stick to the surface.This tape is pressed onto the
surface of the target substrate. The tape is peeled off when the layer stick
to the target surface.

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2.CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION :
Chemical vapour deposition is a well known process in
which a substrate is exposed to gaseous compounds. These
compounds decompose on the surface in order to grow a
thinfilm . Graphene can be grown by exposing the copper
foil to a gas i.e.CH4 at about 1000°C.The methane
decomposes on the surface, so that the hydrogen
evaporates. The carbon diffuses into cu foil. After cooling
down in an atmosphere, a graphene layer grows on the
surface. These graphene layers can be transferred via
polymer support, which will be attached onto the top of the
graphene. After etching the copper, the graphene can be
stamped onto the required substrate and the polymer
support gets peeled off.
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 Flow sheet
1000°C
c
CH4 CONCENTRIC TUBE
H2
Absence of
Air

CABON IS DEPOSITED OVER H2

THE CU. FOIL

Cooling with N2

GRAPHEN IN CU. FOIL

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Fig. chemical vapour deposition 9
HOW CVD IS DONE

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 ADVANTAGES
 High heat conductivity, greater than copper and silver.

 No heat loss or it gives 100% output.

 It is transparent and lighter material.

 Stronger than diamond & steel.

 Can make very light weight parts for auto bodies.

 Used to make batteries that recharge faster as compare to lithium-

ion battery.

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 DISADVANTAGES
 Single sheet of graphene is hard to produce.
 Research has proven that graphene exhibits some toxic.

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 Companies in the Graphene Space
NAME OF COMPANIES MKT CAPACITY

Applied Graphene Material Ltd. UK 34m Pound

Aixtron SE, Germany E800m

CVD Equipment Corp., US $61m

Graftech International, New York $1bn

Graphene Nanochem , UK E43m

Dongxu Optoelectronics, Beijing $100m

Talga Resources Ltd .,US $40m

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• Solar panels
• Water purifiction
• Graphene battery
• Super Capacitors
• Automobile sector
• Composites material for cars, airplanes, space shuttles, satellite.

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 CONCLUSION
1. The quality and availability of “Synthetic graphene”
will continue to improve.
2. Science must have ample access to improve graphene
material & integrate it to the present day gadgets.

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 REFERENCES
1. Manufacturing of graphene using a CVD method.
Erik S. Polsen1,†, Daniel Q. McNerny1, B. Viswanath2,‡,
Sebastian W. Pattinson2 & A. John Hart1,2
2. www.graphenia.com
3. www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene
4. www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk
5. www.graphenelabs.com
6. www.graphene-info.com
7. www.graphenebatteries.no/

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T H A N K

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