VECTORS

ARMANDO A. CAMAÑA JR., MAED, LPT

SHS INSTRUCTOR
In Physics, physical
quantities can be described
by their measures and is
classified as scalar quantity
or vector quantity.
Scalar Quantity

 are
quantities that are described by their
magnitude.
 When a student walks a distance of 25 meters͵ the
quantity is described as to how long is the distance.
The magnitude is the how much to describe the
distance.
 examples: distance͵ area͵ speed͵ mass͵ volume͵
density
Vector Quantity

 are quantities that described by their magnitude and

direction.
 are used to represent things that we cannot see like a
force exerts or velocity of a moving car.
 Vectors can be represented by an arrow. It also uses a
scale in graphical solution.
 is the symbol to represent a vector.
𝑉
 examples: Force downward͵ velocity of a car moving
east͵ displacement of a pencil thrown upward ͵
acceleration towards the west.
 𝑉
 Arrow tail – tells the origin of the vector
 Arrow head – tells the direction of the vector
 Length of the Arrow – is the magnitude of the
vector
 DISTANCE – It refers to “how much ground an
object has covered” during its motion.
 DISPLACEMENT – It is the object overall change
in position
∆𝑥 = 𝑥𝑓 − 𝑥𝑖
 If a man walks 4m due East, then turns 2m due North,
then 4m due West and 2m due south and stopped on
the original position.
 What is the distance covered? What is the
displacement?
Source: https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/trigonometry.html
 Finding the Height of a Building. Given 67.2m
adjacent to the angle of reference. Find the
height of the building. With an angle of
elevation of 50 degrees.
 Finding the angle of reference:
−1 𝑂 −1 𝐴 −1 𝑂
Θ= sin 𝐻 Θ= cos 𝐻 Θ= tan 𝐴
Pythagorean Theorem (to find the resultant vector)

𝑅= 2
(𝑎𝑑𝑗) +(𝑜𝑝𝑝)2
Fundamentals in direction with respect to
horizontal axis
5N, 48 degrees East of North
5N, 42 degrees North of East
Rules in Vector addition/subtraction
When two given vectors are acting on the
same direction.
 To find the magnitude and direction of the
resultant.
 Add the magnitude of the two vectors to get
the resultant.
 For the direction͵ use same direction of the
given vectors.
When two given vectors are acting in the
opposite direction.

 Tofind the magnitude and direction of

the resultant.
 Subtract the magnitude of the two
vectors to get the resultant.
 For the direction͵ follow the direction of
the larger magnitude.
When two vectors forming an angle
90 ᵒ with another
 To find the magnitude and direction of
the resultant.
 The diagonal form by the two vectors is
the resultant.
 Use Pythagorean theorem (R2 = c2 = a2
+ b2) to find
 Magnitude of the resultant.
 For the direction: use SOHCAHTOA
When two vectors form an oblique
triangle.

 To find the magnitude and direction of the

resultant.
 The diagonal form by the two vectors is the
resultant.
 Use cosine and sine law to find the magnitude
and direction of the result
Problem Solving:
 Two SHS students are walking in the corridor towards
East. One has a velocity of 25 m/s and the other is 18
m/s. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the
Resultant.
 Given: V1 = 25 m/s East and V2 = 18 m/s East
 Solution. R = V1 + V2 = 25 m/s, E + 18 m/s, E
 Resultant, R = 43 m/s East ( mag. and dir.)
Problem Solving:
 From the library door, a SHS students walk 7
meters west towards the next room and other
student walks 15 meters east to the computer
room. Calculate the magnitude and direction
of the resultant displacement of the two
students.
 Given: d1 = 7 m west and d2 = 15 m east
 Solution. R = d2 – d1 = 15 m, E – 7 m, W
 Resultant, R = 8 m East (mag. and dir.)
Problem Solving:

A car travels 4 km east then turns

south for another 3 km. Find the
magnitude and direction of the
resultant displacement.
Problem Solving:

A car moves 5 km east and turns 45 ᵒ

N of E for another 3.25 km before
coming to stop. Using the above
figure, find the magnitude and
direction of the resultant
displacement of the car.
Now try this!
A tennis ball rolls 10 meters east
when it hits a stone that turns the
ball 80 ᵒ N of W rolling for
another 15 m. Calculate
magnitude and direction of the
resultant displacement of the
tennis ball.
THE COMPONENT METHODS

 is the ordered pair that describes the changes in the x-

and y- values.
 When separating a vector into its component form, we are
essentially creating a right triangle with the vector being
the hypotenuse.
 Use cosine function for x values. Magnitude cosine ϴ
 And Sine function for y values. Magnitude sine ϴ
THE COMPONENT METHODS
A car moves 5 km east and turns 45 ᵒ N of E for
another 3.25 km before coming to stop. Using the
above figure, find the magnitude and direction of the
resultant displacement of the car.
Vectors x – components y – components
5 cos 0 5 sin 0
5Km, East
5, E 0

° 3.25 cos 45 3.25 sin 45

3.25𝐾𝑚, 45 N of E 2.2981, E 2.2981, N
Σ 7.2981, E 2.2981, N

𝑅 (7.2981)2 +(2.2981)2

= 58.5435 = 7.65
THE COMPONENT METHODS
A tennis ball rolls 10 meters east when it hits a stone that turns
the ball 80 ᵒ N of W rolling for another 15 m. Calculate
magnitude and direction of the resultant displacement of the
tennis ball.
Vectors x – components y – components
5 cos 0 5 sin 0
10m, East
10, E 0

° 15 cos 80 15 sin 80
15𝑚, 80 N of W 2.6047, W 14.7721, N
Σ 7.3953, E 14.7721, N

𝑅 (7.3953)2 +(14.7721)2

= 272.9054 = 16.52𝑚
FINDING THE RESULTANT VECTOR OF
MORE THAN 2 VECTORS
solution
vectors x – compo y – compo

F1, N of E 60 cos 30 51.9615, E 60 sin 30 30, N

F2, N of W 40 cos 52 24.6265, W 40 sin 52 31.5204, N
F3, S of E 50 cos 70 17.1010, E 50 sin 70 46.9846, S
Σ 44.436, E 14.5358, N

(44.436)2 +(14.5358)2 14.5358

𝜃=
𝑅 46.7530 44.436
46.75 𝑙𝑏𝑠, 18.11°𝑁𝑜𝑓 𝐸 18.11°