NAME : Claresta Salsa Zalfarifda

NIM : E1B019007

Faculty Of Law International Undergraduate Program

CHAPTER 2
1.1.Complete the text with the words from the box below and translate it.

In all societies relations between people are regulated by perspective laws. Some
of them are customs-that is, informal rules of social and moral behaviour.
Customs need not to be made by governments, anf they need not to be written
down. We learn how we are expected to behave in society through the
instructions of family and teachers, the advice of friends and our own experience
in communication with other people. Thus moral rules and ethics remind us that it
is immoral to covet, to tell lies or to defame the dead. Sometimes we can break
the rules without sufering any penalty. But if we break the rules or break a very
important one, we may lose our friend or their respect. The law, however, is not
concerned with these matters and leaves them to the individual’s moral choice
and the pressure of public opinion results no legal action.

1.2.Match the words with their meanings, in case you fail, consult a dictionary.
1. A punishment for breaking a rule or law : d) penalty
2. To describe clearly and exactly what something is or what something means :
g) to define
3. This is the way someone behave in particular situations : a) conduct
4. It is when people or animals do what they are told or ordered to : b) obedience
5. To form the basis of something : h) to underlie
6. To initiate and conduct a legal action against somebody : f) to prosecute
7. If somebody uses it in order to get you to do something, they force you to do
it, for example, by threatening to punish you : c) compulsion
8. To give someone an ability or oppurtunity to do something : e) to enable
READING

1.3.Study the words below and translate them. Use a dictionary if necessary.

1. Maintenance ; pemeliharaan
2. Responsibilty : tanggung jawab
3. Consideration : pertimbangan
4. Variety : jenis
5. Marital : pernikahan
6. Infraction : pelanggaran
7. Withcraft : sihir
8. Settle : menyelesaikan
9. Negotiations : perundingan
10. Kin : kerabat
11. Accusation : dakwaan
12. Gossip : buah mulut
13. Conformity : kepatuhan

READ THE TEXT PAYING ATTENTION TO THE UNDERLINED WORDS,

SCAN THE INFORMATION, AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW.

Order and social control in ethnic groups of American Indians ( Novajo* and
Western Apache* )

1. What is the principle mechanism for keeping order among Navajo?

= The principle mechanism for the mechanism for the maintenance of order
has always been the concept of collective responsibility
2. What is a matter of important consideration for all of them?
= maintaining the good name of the family within the community is an
important coonsideration for all navajo
3. What are the reasons for possible conflicts?
= the reason is disputes over the possessions of farmland and disputes arising
from poor marital relations were especiallt comon in earliest times
4. How do Navajo prefer to settle disputes?
= because there is a negotiations between the kin groups involved
5. What methods of enforcing conformity exist among Apoche?
= the methods is gossip and indirect criticsm
6. What factors influence social behaviour of Apoche?
= positive models for behaviour are provided by stories repeated by elders and
giving gossip and indirect criticsm.