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Aristotle and Theophrastus were considered as the one of the first ecologists who had the interest of
studying plants and animals. Theophrastus had described several interrelationships that exist
between living organisms and their environment.
Two schools of thought dominated the growing scientific study of ecology. The first school of
thought is the “Arcadian Ecology” which advocates for “simple, humble life for man” and a
harmonious relationship with man and nature. On the other hand, the second school of thought,
known as the “Imperial Ecology” believe in the establishment of man’s dominance over nature
through the exercise of reason and by hard work. Both views rivaled through the early years of the
18th century until Carolus Linnaeus came in the picture.
1700's Antoine Lavoisier, a chemist, discovered Oxygen and Carbon and their importance to living
things
Buffon en su Natural History (1756), analiza muchos de los temas de la Ecología moderna y
considera que las poblaciones de seres humanos y de otros animales y plantas están sujetas a los
mismos fenómenos
Carl Von Linneo, quien se dedicó a descubrir y estudiar un gran número de animales y plantas
anotándolas en su libro “Sistema natural”, que publicado en el año 1735 presentó una propuesta
taxonómica para el estudio de los reinos vegetal, animal y mineral.
1758 Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linne) pioneered the field of taxonomy, the science of naming
and classifying organisms. Linnaeus discovered a vast number of plants and animals and recorded
them in his book entitled Systema Naturae
Siglo XIX
1800 en contemporáneos de Lamarck n que los organismos eran moldeados por el ambiente y
no por los hábitos, el uso y desuso.
St. George Jackson Mivart acuñó el término hexicología, que definió en 1894
1852 Robert Angus Smith connected acid rain to air pollution
1869 Ernst Haeckel coins the term ecology
1875- Eduard Seuss defines the biosphere
Karl Mobius en 1877, quien empezó a hablar del ensamblaje de animales y plantas y su relación de
interdependencia.
Alexander Von Humboldt, quien en el año 1809 expuso su obra “Ideas para una geografía de las
plantas”, un ensayo que explicaba las relaciones existentes entre algunas especies de plantas y su
entorno natural.
1879 Symbiosis is first described late
1800's animal camouflage studied and described
Eugen Warming estuvo a cargo del primer curso de geografía de plantas ecológica y publicó su
libro “Ecología vegetal” en 1895 sentando los inicios de la ecología como rama científica
Siglo XX
1900 Henry Chandler Cowles studies ecological succession
1915 Ecological Society of America founded
1920, el geólogo ruso Vladimir Vernadsky, precisó el concepto de biósfera en su obra “La biósfera”
y explicó los principios fundamentales de los ciclos biogeoquímicos.
1927 Charles Elton makes the concept of food chains and webs part of ecology
1933 Aldo Leopold writes Game Management, beginning the discipline of wildlife management
1935 The Dust Bowl crisis re-focuses ecology on practical land usage practices
1935: Tansley empleó por primera vez la palabra "ecosistema"
1935 Arthur Tinsley defines ecosystem
1940's Ruth Patrick studied interdependence of organisms, particularly freshwater ecosystems. She
developed methods to measure the health of a stream.
1942: Lindemann presentó un esquema del flujo de energía en el interior del ecosistema
1950: En esta década Teal, H.T. Odum realizó descripciones detalladas de ecosistemas, que desde
entonces se han convertido en modelos clásicos.
1950's People first become aware of the harmful effects of pollution on ecological systems and on
people.
1972, the United Nations held the first international Conference on the Human Environment in
Stockholm, prepared by Rene Dubos and other experts. This conference was the origin of the phrase
"Think Globally, Act Locally". The next major events in ecology were the development of the
concept of biosphere and the appearance of terms "biological diversity"—or now more commonly
biodiversity—in the 1980s.
These terms were developed during the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, where the concept
of the biosphere was recognized by the major international organizations, and risks associated with
reductions in biodiversity were publicly acknowledged.