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Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design Spreadsheet

Project: Project No.:


Item No.: Service: Cooling of Distillate for C101 By:
Safety Factor 1.5

Step 1. Input flows, conditions and properties data for shellside and tubeside Step 3. Start configuring the exch
co
Tube Side Shell Pl do not
Distillate Fluid Name Cooling Water disturb this
array no
0.05975 Flow (M), Kg/s 0.23409
T1 56.9 Temp. in, °C 8 t1
T2 28 Temp. out, °C 12 t2
Av. Density 816 ρ, Kg/m3 999.8
Av. Viscosity 0.366 μ, mNs/m2 1.294
Av. Heat Capacity 2.285 cp, kJ/kg°C 4.21
Heat Exchanged 3.9 Q, kW 3.9
Av. Thermal Conductivity 0.163 k, W/m°C 0.5843
Fouling Resistance 0.00035 R,m² °C/W 0.00025 Step 6. Shell side heat transfer
Thermal Con SS-Metal 15.75 k, W/m°C 15.75 coefficient
LMTD 30.8 °C
Corrected LMTD 30.8 °C
0.35

Step 2. Input tubing OD, BWG and Tube OD 0.0125 m


length (can be trial and error). BWG 14
Tube ID, d = 0.00828 m
14 BWG 16BWG Tube Length, L = 2 m Segmen
2.1082 1.651 mm Area of one tube = 0.079 m²
0.083 0.065 inch sectional area of tube = 0.00005 m²

Db = do*((N/k1)^(1/n1))
Step. 4 Bundle and Shell K1 0.319
diameter N1 2.142
Step. 5 Tube side heat Bundle diameter = 0.0711 m
transfer coefficient Shell diameter = 0.0743 m
Tubeside Reynolds No., N Re = 1931
Prandtl No. = 5.13
Length / ID = 241 shell side HT Coefficient usin
jh 0.0030 Colburn Method-(Book -Kern p1
Nusselt number = 9.94 Range of application is for Reyn
hi = 196 W/m² °C gives results with deviation +20
hio =hi*(di/do) 129.6 W/m² °C Based on a correlation of industrial da
Calculate the tube side heat transfer coefficient (Sidlet Tate Eqn.) when the bundle employs baffle
Hf = 0.023(Kj/D) x (DG/μj)0.8 x (Cj μj/Kj)0.333 x (μj/μw)0.14 219.8 W/m² °C Hs = 0.36 (k/De) x Re0.55 x Pr 0.33

hio =hi*(di/do) 146


The values in this block will keep on changing

Alternative Coreelation of Colburn equation : Coefficients " J " calculation ( For Shell Side)
Nre = Gs*De/μ Nu = j *Nre*Pr^0.33 *(μ/μw)^0.14 Nu =hs*De/k
Nre Nre<100 100<Nre<3000
582 j = a*Nre^b lnj=a+b*lnNre+c*(lnNre)^2
Jh = 0.02669 a b a b
1 Array -Selected 1.81 -0.72 1.7 -1.25
1 Triangle (30°) Pt/D 1.81 -0.72 1.7 -1.25
2 Square Pt/D=1.25 0.97 -0.62 3.29 -1.9
3 Rotated Square Pt 1.81 -0.72 0.32 -0.76
4 Triangle (30°) Pt/D 1.34 -0.68 0.37 -0.56
5 Square Pt/D=1.5 0.88 -0.64 1.61 -1.34
jH = 0.01849 0.02669

The Value of Factor jH in Kern Method can be calculated from following Formula
For 25% Seg. Baffle
jH = 0.5*(1+B/DS)*(0.08*Nre^0.6821 + 0.7*NRE^0.1772) Use Nre = G*De/μ in above Fprmul

Note Formula ho =JH*(k/de)/Pr^-0.33/*(μ/μw)-0.14


Design Spreadsheet
- BWG/Tube Wall Thicknesses
MAS Date/Time: 19-Sep-19 17:10 8
9
Step 3. Start configuring the exchanger. Begin with the assumed overall heat transfer 10
coefficient to this point: 11
Pl do not Ustart = 124 W/m² °C 12
disturb this Then the required transfer A = 1.04 m2 13
array no
Number of tubes required = 13 14
1
PT,1-Pass No. of passes = 1 15
Tubes per pass = 13.00 13.21 16
Area of tubes per pass = 0.00070 m² C21/((E16-E15)*E20 +E10*E12 +E13)
Volumetric flow = 0.000073 m³/s MTD Correction Factors
Av. Velocity, Tube side = 0.105 m/s
SELECT PITCH Triangle (30°) Pt/D= 1.25
R = ( T 1 - T2 ) / ( t 2 - t 1 ) =

Step 6. Shell side heat transfer Tube Pitch = 0.015625 m S = ( t 2 - t1 ) / ( T1 - t 1 ) =


coefficient Pattern = Tri. set minimum
Baffle Spacing = 0.186 m 150 mm ( R2 + 1 ) ½ =
Area of Shell = 0.002760 m²
inch Equivalent Diameter, de = 0.008876 m ( 1 - S ) / ( 1 - RS ) =
Volumetric flowrate = 0.000234 m³/s
Shellside velocity = 0.08 m/s 2 - S ( R + 1 - ( R2 + 1 ) ½ ) =
Shellside Reynolds No., N Re = 582
Prandtl No. = 9 2 - S ( R + 1 + ( R2 + 1 ) ½ ) =
Segmental baffle cut 25% jh = 0.0267
Nusselt number = 33
ho = 2,151 W/m² °C
Shell side R1 = 0.00046 For 2 t.p
Shell side Fouling R2 = 0.00025 k1 0.249
do*LN(do/di)/(2*k) R3 = 0.000163 n1 2.207
Tube side R4 = 0.0069 Clearance 0.0125
Tube side fouling R5 = 0.00035
R = m².ᴼC/w
Overall heat transfer coefficient = 124 W/m² °C Aquous Salt Soln
CW
shell side HT Coefficient using " Process Heat Transfer by D Q Kern Steam
Colburn Method-(Book -Kern p137) Steam Condensate
Range of application is for Reynolds Number 2000 <Re <10^6
gives results with deviation +20% ie safe Thermal Cond

Based on a correlation of industrial data for hydrocarbons, organic compounds, water and aqueous solutions Carbon Steel

when the bundle employs baffles having acceptable clearances between baffles/tubes andCopper
b
Hs = 0.36 (k/De) x Re0.55 x Pr 0.33 x (μ /μw)0.14 (Applicable for Δ Pitch only) Inconel

1642.3 Monel
Nickel
Stainless Steel
J " calculation ( For Shell Side)

00<Nre<3000 Nre>3000
*lnNre+c*(lnNre)^2 j=a*Nre^b
c a b
0.065 0.275 -0.38
0.065 0.275 -0.38
0.121 0.275 -0.38
0.025 0.275 -0.38
0.0087 0.275 -0.38
0.082 0.275 -0.38
0.02669 0.02447

m following Formula

e = G*De/μ in above Fprmula


be Wall Thicknesses WATER PROPERTY
0.165 Temperature Tᴼ 10.0 ᴼC
0.148 0.017 Viscosity μ 1.294 C.P.
0.134 0.014 Thermal Cond. K 0.5843 w/m.ᴼK
0.120 0.014 Density ρ 1.000 gm/cc
0.109 0.011 Specific Heat Cp 4213.5 J/Kg.C
0.095 0.014 Liquid Enthalpy H 42.1 KJ/Kg
0.083 0.012
0.072 0.011 WATER DYNEMIC VISCOSITY-(273 to 373K)
0.065 0.007 10 T ᴼC = 283.14 T = ᴼK
6-E15)*E20 +E10*E12 +E13) A= -3.7188
rrection Factors B= 578.919
C= -137.546
R = ( T 1 - T2 ) / ( t 2 - t 1 ) = 7.225 1.294 mPa.s C.P.

S = ( t 2 - t1 ) / ( T1 - t 1 ) = 0.082 Thermal Conductivity of water


0.5650285+0.0026363895*T -0.00012516934*T^1.5 - 1.51549180*10^-6 * T^2 - 0
(R +1)2 ½
= 7.294 10 ᴼC = 0.5843 w/m.ᴼK

( 1 - S ) / ( 1 - RS ) = 2.245 Water Density


10 ᴼC = 1.000 gm/L
S(R+1-(R +1) 2 ½
)= 1.924 999.8 Kg/m3

S ( R + 1 + ( R2 + 1 ) ½ ) = 0.731 Water Condensate-Liquid Enthalpy


10.0 ᴼC = 42.1 KJ/Kg
FT = 0.979
Specific Heat
For 4 t.p For 6 t.p 10.0 ᴼC = 4213.46 J/Kg.C
0.175 0.0743
2.285 2.499 Tube Bundle Db = do*((N/k1)^(1/n1))
diameter N = Number off tube do is Tube OD
Value of Constant :Δ Pitch =1.25do
R = m².ᴼC/w No Tube Pass k1 n1
0.00025 1 Δ PT,1-Pass 1 0.319 2.142
0.00025 2 Δ PT,2-Pass 2 0.249 2.207
0.0001 3 ΔPT,4-Pass 4 0.175 2.285
0.0002 4 ΔPT,6-Pass 6 0.0743 2.499
5 □ PT,1-Pass 1 0.215 2.207
Kcal/m.h.°C k, W/m°C 6 □ PT,2-Pass 2 0.156 2.291
38.69 45.00 7 □ PT,4-Pass 4 0.158 2.263

324.42 377.30 8 □ PT,6-Pass 6 0.0402 2.617

12.95 15.06 Value of Constant : □ Pitch =1.25do

21.28 24.75 Shell Clearance, 0.0016 Shell Dia < 635


Ref: C & R
Shell Clearance,
Ref: C & R 0.0032 Shell Dia > 635
52.09 60.58
13.54 15.75
1.51549180*10^-6 * T^2 - 0.0009412945*T^0.5
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design Spreadsheet
Project: Project No.: -
Item No.: Service: Cooling of Bottom Product for C101 By: MAS
Safety Factor 1.5

Step 1. Input flows, conditions and properties data for shellside and tubeside Step 3. Start configuring the exchange
coefficie
Tube Side Shell
Distillate Fluid Name Cooling Water
0.06525 Flow (M), Kg/s 0.42703
T1 90.6 Temp. in, °C 8 t1 SELECT 1
PT,1-Pass
T2 28 Temp. out, °C 12 t2
Av. Density 1164.1 ρ, Kg/m3 999.8
Av. Viscosity 0.401 μ, mNs/m2 1.294
Av. Heat Capacity 1.762 cp, kJ/kg°C 4.21
Heat Exchanged 7.2 Q, kW 7.2
Av. Thermal Conductivity 0.3751 k, W/m°C 0.5843
Fouling Resistance 0.00035 R,m² °C/W 0.00025 Step 6. Shell side heat transfer
Thermal Con SS-Metal 15.75 k, W/m°C 15.75 coefficient
LMTD 42.8 °C
Corrected LMTD 42.8 °C
0.35 inch

Step 2. Input tubing OD, BWG and Tube OD 0.0125 m


length (can be trial and error). BWG 14
Tube ID, d = 0.00828 m
14 BWG 16BWG Tube Length, L = 2 m Segmental baf
2.1082 1.651 mm Area of one tube = 0.079 m²
0.083 0.065 inch sectional area of tube = 0.00005 m²

Db = do*((N/k1)^(1/n1))
Step. 4 Bundle and Shell K1 0.319 do*LN(do/di)/(2*k)
diameter N1 2.142
Step. 5 Tube side heat Bundle diameter = 0.0589 m
transfer coefficient Shell diameter = 0.0621 m
Tubeside Reynolds No., N Re = 2780 Overall heat transfe
Prandtl No. = 1.88
Length / ID = 241 shell side HT Coefficient using "
jh 0.0030 Colburn Method-(Book -Kern p137)
Nusselt number = 10.28 Range of application is for Reynolds
hi = 465 W/m² °C gives results with deviation +20% ie
hio =hi*(di/do) 308.5 W/m² °C Based on a correlation of industrial data for
Calculate the tube side heat transfer coefficient (Sidlet Tate Eqn.) when the bundle employs baffles ha
Hf = 0.023(Kj/D) x (DG/μj) x (Cj μj/Kj)
0.8 0.333
x (μj/μw) 0.14
485.1 W/m² °C Hs = 0.36 (k/De) x Re0.55 x Pr 0.33 x (μ
hio =hi*(di/do) 321
The values in this block will keep on changing

Alternative Coreelation of Colburn equation : Coefficients " J " calculation ( For Shell Side)
Nre = Gs*De/μ Nu = j *Nre*Pr^0.33 *(μ/μw)^0.14 Nu =hs*De/k
Nre Nre<100 100<Nre<3000
1,518 j = a*Nre^b lnj=a+b*lnNre+c*(lnNre)^2
Jh = 0.01890 a b a b c
1 Array -Selected 1.81 -0.72 1.7 -1.25 0.065
1 Triangle (30°) Pt/D 1.81 -0.72 1.7 -1.25 0.065
2 Square Pt/D=1.25 0.97 -0.62 3.29 -1.9 0.121
3 Rotated Square Pt 1.81 -0.72 0.32 -0.76 0.025
4 Triangle (30°) Pt/D 1.34 -0.68 0.37 -0.56 0.0087
5 Square Pt/D=1.5 0.88 -0.64 1.61 -1.34 0.082
jH = 0.00927 0.01890

The Value of Factor jH in Kern Method can be calculated from following Formula
For 25% Seg. Baffle
jH = 0.5*(1+B/DS)*(0.08*Nre^0.6821 + 0.7*NRE^0.1772) Use Nre = G*De/μ in above Fprmula

Note Formula ho =JH*(k/de)/Pr^-0.33/*(μ/μw)-0.14


preadsheet
- BWG/Tube Wall Thicknesses
MAS Date/Time: 19-Sep-19 17:10 8 0.165
9 0.148
. Start configuring the exchanger. Begin with the assumed overall heat transfer 10 0.134
coefficient to this point: 11 0.120
Ustart = 242 W/m² °C 12 0.109
Then the required transfer A = 0.69 m2 13 0.095
Number of tubes required = 9 14 0.083
PT,1-Pass No. of passes = 1 15 0.072
Tubes per pass = 9.00 8.83 16 0.065
Area of tubes per pass = 0.00048 m²
Volumetric flow = 0.000056 m³/s MTD Correction Factors
Av. Velocity, Tube side = 0.116 m/s
SELECT PITCH Triangle (30°) Pt/D= 1.25
R = ( T 1 - T2 ) / ( t 2 - t 1 ) =

6. Shell side heat transfer Tube Pitch = 0.015625 m S = ( t 2 - t1 ) / ( T1 - t 1 ) =


coefficient Pattern = Tri.
set minimum
Baffle Spacing = 0.155 m 150 mm ( R2 + 1 ) ½ =
Area of Shell = 0.001930 m²
Equivalent Diameter, de = 0.008876 m ( 1 - S ) / ( 1 - RS ) =
Volumetric flowrate = 0.000427 m³/s
Shellside velocity = 0.22 m/s 2 - S ( R + 1 - ( R2 + 1 ) ½ ) =
Shellside Reynolds No., N Re = 1,518
Prandtl No. = 9 2 - S ( R + 1 + ( R2 + 1 ) ½ ) =
Segmental baffle cut 25% jh = 0.0189
Nusselt number = 60 FT =
ho = 3,973 W/m² °C
Shell side R1 = 0.00025 For 2 t.p For 4 t.p
Shell side Fouling R2 = 0.00025 k1 0.249 0.175
do*LN(do/di)/(2*k) R3 = 0.000163 n1 2.207 2.285
Tube side R4 = 0.0031 Clearance 0.0125
Tube side fouling R5 = 0.00035
R = m².ᴼC/w
Overall heat transfer coefficient = 242 W/m² °C Aquous Salt Soln
CW
e HT Coefficient using " Process Heat Transfer by D Q Kern Steam
Method-(Book -Kern p137) Steam Condensate
f application is for Reynolds Number 2000 <Re <10^6
sults with deviation +20% ie safe Thermal Cond Kcal/m.h.°C

a correlation of industrial data for hydrocarbons, organic compounds, water and aqueous solutions Carbon Steel 38.69

e bundle employs baffles having acceptable clearances between baffles/tubes andCopper


b 324.42

6 (k/De) x Re0.55 x Pr 0.33 x (μ /μw)0.14 (Applicable for Δ Pitch only) Inconel 12.95
2783.1 Monel 21.28
Nickel 52.09
Stainless Steel 13.54
ation ( For Shell Side)

Nre>3000
j=a*Nre^b
a b
0.275 -0.38
0.275 -0.38
0.275 -0.38
0.275 -0.38
0.275 -0.38
0.275 -0.38
0.01700

ing Formula

e/μ in above Fprmula


WATER PROPERTY
Temperature Tᴼ 10.0 ᴼC
0.017 Viscosity μ 1.294 C.P.
0.014 Thermal Cond. K 0.5843 w/m.ᴼK
0.014 Density ρ 1.000 gm/cc
0.011 Specific Heat Cp 4213.5 J/Kg.C
0.014 Liquid Enthalpy H 42.1 KJ/Kg
0.012
0.011 WATER DYNEMIC VISCOSITY-(273 to 373K)
0.007 10 T ᴼC = 283.14 T = ᴼK
A= -3.7188
B= 578.919
C= -137.546
15.650 1.294 mPa.s C.P.

0.048 Thermal Conductivity of water


0.5650285+0.0026363895*T -0.00012516934*T^1.5 - 1.51549180*10^-6 * T^2 - 0.0009412945*T^
15.682 10 ᴼC = 0.5843 w/m.ᴼK

3.930 Water Density


10 ᴼC = 1.000 gm/L
1.953 999.8 Kg/m3

0.434 Water Condensate-Liquid Enthalpy


10.0 ᴼC = 42.1 KJ/Kg
0.974
Specific Heat
For 6 t.p 10.0 ᴼC = 4213.46 J/Kg.C
0.0743
2.499 Tube Bundle Db = do*((N/k1)^(1/n1))
diameter N = Number off tube do is Tube OD
Value of Constant :Δ Pitch =1.25do
m².ᴼC/w No Tube Pass k1 n1
0.00025 1 Δ PT,1-Pass 1 0.319 2.142
0.00025 2 Δ PT,2-Pass 2 0.249 2.207
0.0001 3 ΔPT,4-Pass 4 0.175 2.285
0.0002 4 ΔPT,6-Pass 6 0.0743 2.499
5 □ PT,1-Pass 1 0.215 2.207
k, W/m°C 6 □ PT,2-Pass 2 0.156 2.291
45.00 7 □ PT,4-Pass 4 0.158 2.263

377.30 8 □ PT,6-Pass 6 0.0402 2.617

15.06 Value of Constant : □ Pitch =1.25do


24.75 Shell Clearance, 0.0016 Shell Dia < 635
Ref: C & R 0.0032 Shell Dia > 635
60.58
15.75
0*10^-6 * T^2 - 0.0009412945*T^0.5
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design Spreadsh
Project: Evaporator
Item No.: - Service: Product Cooler

Step 1. Input flows, conditions and properties data for shellside and tubeside

Safety factor Tube Side Shell


1.5 Distillate Fluid Name Cooling Water
Flow (M), Kg/s 0.03983 316.1 Flow (M), lb/h 1,236.6 0.15581
Temp. in, °C 56.9 134.42 Temp. in, oF 46.4 8
Temp. out, °C 28 82 Temp. out, oF 53.6 12
Av. Density r, Kg/m3 816 50.9 r, lb/ft3 62.4 999.8
Av. Viscosity m, mNs/m2 0.366 0.366 μ, cP 1.294 1.294
Av. Heat Capacity cp, kJ/kg°C 2.285 0.546 cp, Btu/lb·oF 1.006 4.21
Heat Exchanged Q, kW 2.630 8,975 Q, Btu/h 8,960 2.63
. Thermal Conductivity k, W/m°C 0.163 0.0942 k, Btu/h·ft·oF 0.3376 0.5843
Fouling Resistance R,m² °C/W 0.00035 0.0040 R, ft2·h·oF/Btu 0.004 0.00025
Prandtl No. 5.13 5.13 cpm/k 9.33 9.33
SS Therm conduct k, W/m°C 15.75 Calculated LMTD 55.4 o
F 15.75
Corrected LMTD 55.4 o
F

Step 2. Input tubing OD, BWG and Tube OD 0.5000 in.


length (can be trial and error). 14 BWG 16BWG BWG 14
mm 2.1082 1.651 Tube ID, d = 0.334 in.
inch 0.083 0.065 Tube Length, L = 6.56 ft.
Flow area per tube, at = 0.088 in.2
Effective transfer area per tube = 0.859 ft2

Step 3. Estimate the number of Tubes/pass = 3


tubes per tube pass. lb/h per tube = 122
lb/h per tube per pass = 121.6
Av. velocity, fps = 1.09
Tubeside Reynolds No., N Re = 6,281
Tubeside Friction Factor, f = 0.023
DP per pass, psi = 0.03511
Nusselt number, Nr = 9.58
Inside Film Coefficient, hi = 324
hanger Design Spreadsheet
Project No.: -
r By: Date/Time: 19-Sep-19 17:10

Step 5. Start configuring the exchanger. Begin with the total calculated transfer coefficient to
this point:
Ustart = 90 Btu/h·ft2·oF
Over all heat transfer Coefficient, Uo = 72.5 Btu/h·ft2·oF 411.834
Flow (M), Kg/s Then the required transfer A = 2 ft2
Temp. in, °C Then the required transfer A = 0.21 m²
Temp. out, °C Number of tubes required = 3
r, Kg/m3 ass (Step 3), then no. of passes = 1
m, mNs/m2 Total tube count = 2.6
cp, kJ/kg°C Tubeside DP (incl. returns) = 0.074 psi
Q, kW Actual effective transfer area, A = 2 ft2
k, W/m°C Actual effective transfer area, A = 0.21 m²
R,m² °C/W Step 4. Select tube arrangement Tube Pitch 0.625 in.
Prandtl No. and estimate shell diameter Pattern Tri.
No off
k, W/m°C Shell ID from Tube Count Tables 4 in. Baffles
minimum
Select Baffle Spacing 6 in. 6"
Number of Baffles = 12 12.12
Flow Area across Bundle, as = 0.033 ft2
Equivalent Diameter, de (see table) = 0.35 in.
Mass Velocity, Gs = 37,098 lb/h·ft2 2 - S ( R + 1 - ( R2 + 1 )
Shellside Reynolds No., N Re = 836
Shellside Friction Factor = 0.00336 2 - S ( R + 1 + ( R2 + 1 )
Shellside DP = 0.016 psi
Outside Transfer Factor, jh = 15.2 British Unit
Outside Film Coefficient, ho = 370
Calculated Uo = 72.5 Btu/h·ft2·oF
Calculated U o = 411.9 W/m²-°C
Check: % difference, Ucalc. vs Uassum. = 0.00%
U clean = 172.8 Btu/h·ft2·oF
U clean = 981.2 W/m²-°C

Step 6. Check tubeside velocity and DP, shellside DP. If too high or too low,
adjust tube length, number of tubes per pass, number of passes, and/or shell
baffle spacing. Remember to reset shell diameter from tube count tables, as
required.
BWG/Tube Wall Thicknesses WATER PROPERTY
8 0.165 Temperature Tᴼ 10.0 ᴼC
9 0.148 0.017 Viscosity μ 1.294 C.P.
10 0.134 0.014 Thermal Cond. K 0.5843 w/m.ᴼK
11 0.120 0.014 Density ρ 1.000 gm/cc
12 0.109 0.011 Specific Heat Cp 4213.5 J/Kg.C
13 0.095 0.014 Liquid Enthalpy H 42.1 KJ/Kg
14 0.083 0.012
15 0.072 0.011 WATER DYNEMIC VISCOSITY-(273 to 373K)
16 0.065 0.007 10 T ᴼC = 283.14 T = ᴼK
A= -3.7188
MTD Correction Factors B= 578.919
C= -137.546
R = ( T 1 - T2 ) / ( t 2 - t 1 ) = 0.138 1.294 mPa.s C.P.

S = ( t 2 - t1 ) / ( T1 - t 1 ) = 0.591 Thermal Conductivity of water


0.5650285+0.0026363895*T -0.00012516934*T^1.5 - 1.51549180*10^-6
( R2 + 1 ) ½ = 1.010 10 ᴼC = 0.5843 w/m.ᴼK

( 1 - S ) / ( 1 - RS ) = 0.445 Water Density


10 ᴼC = 1.000 gm/L
2 - S ( R + 1 - ( R2 + 1 ) ½ ) = 1.924 999.8 Kg/m3

2 - S ( R + 1 + ( R2 + 1 ) ½ ) = 0.731 Water Condensate-Liquid Enthalpy


10.0 ᴼC = 42.1 KJ/Kg
FT = 0.979
Specific Heat
R = m².ᴼC/w 10.0 ᴼC = 4213.46 J/Kg.C
Aquous Salt Soln 0.00025
Tube Bundle
CW 0.00025 Db = do*((N/k1)^(1/n1))
diameter
Steam 0.0001 Value of Constant :Δ Pitch =1.25do
Steam Condensate 0.0002
No Tube Pass For 1 t.p For 2 t.p For 4 t.p
de = (1.1/OD)*(((PT^2)-(0.917*(OD^2)))) k1 0.319 0.249 0.175
n1 2.142 2.207 2.285
Value of Constant : □ Pitch =1.25do
No Tube Pass For 1 t.p For 2 t.p For 4 t.p

k1 0.215 0.156 0.158


n1 2.207 2.291 2.263

0.0016 254 > Shell Dia < 635


Shell Clearance
0.0032 Shell Dia > 635
N = Number off tube
where
do = tube OD in mts

Thermal Conductivity Kcal/m.h.° k, W/m°C


Carbon Steel 38.69 45.00
Copper 324.42 377.30
Inconel 12.95 15.06
Monel 21.28 24.75
Nickel 52.09 60.58
Stainless Steel 13.54 15.75
16934*T^1.5 - 1.51549180*10^-6 * T^2 - 0.0009412945*T^0.5

/k1)^(1/n1))
=1.25do

For 6 t.p
0.0743
2.499
=1.25do
For 6 t.p

0.0402
2.617

> Shell Dia < 635


hell Dia > 635
er off tube
OD in mts
SELECT :
Tube pitch layout 30 Tube Parameters based on Pitch Tube Pitch
Tube
Pitch Parallel or
Tube pitch ratio 1.250 Arrangement Parallel Normal
(mm)
Longitudnal
Flow(mm)
B = Baffle spacing(m) 0.254 30 0.8660254038 1 11.91 10.32
Ds = Shell ID(m) 0.53975 45 0.7071067812 1.41421356 11.91 8.42
Dtb = Tube Bundle OD(m) 0.4826 60 0.5 1.73205081 11.91 5.96
do = tube OD(mm) 9.530 90 1 1 11.91 11.91
P = Tube pitch Normal to flow
when :
TubePitchLayout=45, and TubePitchRatio<1.707
OR
TubePitchLayout=60,and TubePitchRatio<3.732
Cross Flow area (As) = B*(Ds -Dtb+(( Dtb-do)/P)*( P -do)

Calculate Nre: From Cross Flow area(m²),shell side: Masslow rate_G:(kg/s),Fuid viscosity(kg/m.s) & Tube OD(m)
Correlation Coefficients for j-I and f-I
j-I = a1*(1.33/TubePitchRatio)^a * Nre^a2 where a = a3/(1+0.14*Nre^a4)
f-ideal Coeff: b1*(1.33/TubePitchRatio)^b*Nre^b2 where b = b3/(1+0.14*Nre^b4)
Pitch Layout Nre a1 a2 a3 a4 b1 b2
30 0 1.4 -0.667 1.45 0.519 48 -1
30 10 1.36 -0.657 1.45 0.519 45.1 -0.973
30 100 0.593 -0.477 1.45 0.519 4.57 -0.476
30 1000 0.321 -0.388 1.45 0.519 0.486 -0.152
30 10000 0.321 -0.388 1.45 0.519 0.372 -0.123
45 0 1.55 -0.667 1.93 0.5 32 -1
45 10 0.498 -0.656 1.93 0.5 26.2 -0.913
45 100 0.73 -0.5 1.93 0.5 3.5 -0.476
45 1000 0.37 -0.396 1.93 0.5 0.333 -0.136
45 10000 0.37 -0.396 1.93 0.5 0.303 -0.126
60 0 1.4 -0.667 1.45 0.519 48 -1
60 10 1.36 -0.657 1.45 0.519 45.1 -0.973
60 100 0.593 -0.477 1.45 0.519 4.57 -0.476
60 1000 0.321 -0.388 1.45 0.519 0.486 -0.152
60 10000 0.321 -0.388 1.45 0.519 0.372 -0.123
90 0 0.97 0.667 1.187 0.37 35 -1
90 10 0.9 -0.631 1.187 0.37 32.1 -0.0963
90 100 0.408 -0.46 1.187 0.37 6.09 -0.602
90 1000 0.107 -0.266 1.187 0.37 0.0815 -0.022
90 10000 0.37 -0.395 1.187 0.37 0.391 -0.148
Ideal H.T. Coeff_ho (W/m².C) = J*Cp*(G/As)*(k/(Cp*μ))^(2/3)*(μb/μw)^0.14
Actual H.T. Coeff is normally 60% of Ideal H.T.Coeff accounting leakages in H.Exch. Tube bundle
were Heat Capacity Cp = KJ/Kg.ᴼC G:(Kg/s) As:(m²) μ :Kg/m.s
Therm Cond_k : (J/s.m.C) Note: w/m.C = 1000*(J/s.m.C)

Alternative Coreelation of Colburn equation : Coefficients " J " calculation ( For Shell Side)

Nre = Gs*De/μ Nre<100 100<Nre<3000


Nu =j *Nre*Pr^0.33 *(μ/μw)^0.14 j=a*Nre^b lnj=a+b*lnNre+c(lnNre)^2
Nu =hs*De/k a b a b
Array
1 Triangle (30°) Pt/D= 1.25 1.81 -0.72 1.7 -1.25
2 Square Pt/D=1.25 0.97 -0.62 3.29 -1.9
3 Rotated Square Pt/D=1.25 1.81 -0.72 0.32 -0.76
4 Triangle (30°) Pt/D= 1.5 1.34 -0.68 0.37 -0.56
5 Square Pt/D=1.5 0.88 -0.64 1.61 -1.34

1 1

0.1

0.01

0.001 0.001

Only for convective heat transfer ( Liq-Liq exchange)


Above graph is Only for convective heat transfer ( Liq-Liq exchange)
Note: Nre = de*G/μ
For Colburn Factor

Use Colburn Formula for above graph Nu = (hs*de/k) = jh*Nre *Pr^0.33 *(μ/μw)^

JH - Graph Value from D Q Kern, Process Heat Tran

Reference : Process Heat Transfer by D Q Kern Pa


The above graph is for 25% Cut Segmental Baffle
Use Colburn Coefficient jH from table or Graph given as Table 28 in HT by D Q Kern and hs from formula:
jH =ho*(De/k)*(Cp*μ/k)^-0.33 *(μ/μw)^-0.14

Note : The above fGraph published in Table -28 is Valid for Hydrocarbons, organic compounds, wa
when bundle employed baffles withacceptable clearance between baffles and tubes , betwee

As = Corss Flow area

Note : The Value of Factor jH in Kern Method can be calculated from foll
For 25% Seg. Baffle
jH = 0.5*(1+B/DS)*(0.08*Nre^0.6821 + 0.7*NRE^0.1772) Use Nre = G*De/μ in abo

Note Formula ho =JH*(k/de)/Pr^-0.33/*(μ/μw)-0.14


Tube Pitch C/F Area
Normal Flow
(m) m²

0.01 0.0385
0.02 0.0667
0.02 0.0792
0.01 0.0385

sity(kg/m.s) & Tube OD(m)

a = a3/(1+0.14*Nre^a4)
b = b3/(1+0.14*Nre^b4)
b3 b4
7 0.5
7 0.5
7 0.5
7 0.5
7 0.5
6.59 0.52
6.59 0.52
6.59 0.52
6.59 0.52
6.59 0.52
7 0.5
7 0.5
7 0.5
7 0.5
7 0.5
6.3 0.378
6.3 0.378
6.3 0.378
6.3 0.378
6.3 0.378

ges in H.Exch. Tube bundle

Nre>3000
Nre+c(lnNre)^2 j=a*Nre^b
c a b
0.065 0.275 -0.38
0.121 0.275 -0.38
0.025 0.275 -0.38
0.0087 0.275 -0.38
0.082 0.275 -0.38

Liq-Liq exchange)
h*Nre *Pr^0.33 *(μ/μw)^0.14

Kern, Process Heat Transfer -Brotosh Unit

ransfer by D Q Kern Page : 838, Table -28


Segmental Baffle
Kern and hs from formula:
33 *(μ/μw)^-0.14 where Nre = G*De/μ
For Kern Method & Graph
ns, organic compounds, water, aqueous solutions, and gases
n baffles and tubes , between baffle and shell as per standard TEMA

calculated from following Formula

Use Nre = G*De/μ in above Fprmula


0.1

0.01

0.001

where
Nre = do*G/μ

Refer Change in formula for jH in both the graph are different


Reference : Process Heat Transfer by D Q Ker
where
Nre = do*G/μ jH = (hi*do/k)*(Cp
1/(Pr^-0.33) = Pr^0.33
graph are different
Transfer by D Q Kern, Page : 834

jH = (hi*do/k)*(Cp*μ/k)^-0.33*(μ/μw)^-0.14
Reference: Page 37 | Ernest E. Ludwig' Applied Pro

NP Pitch Type dO (m) PT (m)


inches 8 10
Inner Diameter of SHELL
metres 0.2032 0.254
1 Triangular 0.01905 0.0238125 33 69
1 Triangular 0.01905 0.0254 33 57
1 Square 0.01905 0.0254 33 53
1 Triangular 0.0254 0.03175 15 33
1 Square 0.0254 0.03175 17 33
2 Triangular 0.01905 0.0238125 32 58
2 Triangular 0.01905 0.0254 28 56
2 Square 0.01905 0.0254 26 48
2 Triangular 0.0254 0.03175 16 32
2 Square 0.0254 0.03175 12 26
4 Triangular 0.01905 0.0238125 48
4 Triangular 0.01905 0.0254 44
4 Square 0.01905 0.0254 48
4 Triangular 0.0254 0.03175 24
4 Square 0.0254 0.03175 24
6 Triangular 0.01905 0.0238125
6 Triangular 0.01905 0.0254
6 Square 0.01905 0.0254
6 Triangular 0.0254 0.03175
6 Square 0.0254 0.03175
8 Triangular 0.01905 0.0238125
8 Triangular 0.01905 0.0254
8 Square 0.01905 0.0254
8 Triangular 0.0254 0.03175
8 Square 0.0254 0.03175
Tube Count [Fixed Tubes]
est E. Ludwig' Applied Process Design for Chemical & Petrochemical Plants, 3rd Ed, Vol.3 (1999)

Shell & Tube Exchangers

Tube Count
12 13.25 15.25 17.25 19.25 21.25 23.25 25 27 29

0.3048 0.33655 0.38735 0.43815 0.48895 0.53975 0.59055 0.635 0.6858 0.7366
105 135 193 247 307 391 481 553 663 763
91 117 157 217 277 343 423 493 577 667
85 101 139 183 235 287 355 419 495 587
57 73 103 133 163 205 247 307 361 427
45 65 83 111 139 179 215 255 303 359
94 124 166 228 300 370 452 528 626 734
90 110 154 208 264 326 398 468 556 646
78 94 126 172 222 280 346 408 486 560
52 62 92 126 162 204 244 292 346 410
40 56 76 106 136 172 218 248 298 348
84 108 154 196 266 332 412 484 576 680
72 96 134 180 232 294 360 424 508 596
72 88 126 142 192 242 308 366 440 510
44 60 78 104 138 176 212 258 308 368
40 48 74 84 110 142 188 214 260 310
80 116 174 230 294 372 440 532 632
66 104 156 202 258 322 388 464 548
54 78 116 158 212 266 324 394 460
34 56 82 112 150 182 226 274 338
44 66 88 116 154 184 226 268
94 140 198 258 332 398 484 576
82 124 170 224 286 344 422 496
94 132 174 228 286 352 414
66 90 120 154 190 240 298
74 94 128 150 192 230
31 33 35 37

0.7874 0.8382 0.889 0.9398


881 1019 1143 1269
765 889 1007 1127
665 765 865 965
481 551 633 699
413 477 545 595
846 964 1088 1242
746 858 972 1088
644 746 840 946
462 530 608 688
402 460 522 584
788 904 1024 1172
692 802 912 1024
590 688 778 880
422 486 560 638
360 414 476 534
732 844 964 1106
640 744 856 964
536 634 224 818
382 442 514 586
318 368 430 484
682 790 902 1040
588 694 798 902
490 576 662 760
342 400 466 542
280 334 388 438

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