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2019-20
EXPERIMENT 6
Theory:
POINT OPERATIONS:
Point operations translate gray scale values on a pixel-by-pixel basis from one image to another. The
goal of histogram equalization is to find and apply a point operation such that the histogram of the
modified image approximates a uniform distribution. Histogram is a discrete distribution &
homogeneous point operations can only shift & merge(but never split) histogram entries, we only
obtain approximate solution in general.
Image Negative:
The negative of an image with grey levels in the range [0, L-1] is obtained by the negative
transformation shown in figure above, which is given by the expression as s = L – 1 – r. This
expression results in reversing of the gray level intensities of the image thereby producing a negative
like image. In negative transformation, each value of the input image is subtracted from the L-1 and
mapped onto the output image. This is particularly useful for enhancing white or gray details
embedded in dark regions of an image.
Contrast Stretching: Often called as Normalisation is a simple image enhancement technique that
attempts to improve the contrast in an image by `stretching' the range of intensity values it contains
to span a desired range of values, e.g. the the full range of pixel values that the image type concerned
allows
Thresholding:
Thresholding is the special case of clipping where output becomes binary.