Common administrative commands

in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, 6, 7, and 8

System basics Basic configuration
TASK RHEL TASK RHEL

View /etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid 5 6 Graphical system-config-* 5 6

subscription configuration
information subscription-manager identity 6 7 8 tools gnome-control-center 7 8

rhnreg_ks 6 Text-based
Configure configuration system-config-*-tui 5 6
1, 3 5 6 7 8
subscription
rhn_register tools
subscription-manager 2 6 7 8
Configure system-config-printer 5 6 7
hwbrowser 5 printer gnome-control-center 8
sosreport
5 6 7 8 system-config-network 5 6
dmidecode
View system nmcli
profile lstopo Configure
6 7 8 nmtui 7 8
lscpu network nm-connection-editor
cat/proc/cpuinfo 8
8 gnome-control-center
lshw
system-config-language 5 6
View RHEL Configure
version /etc/redhat-release 5 6 7 8
system localectl 7 8
information language
gnome-control-center 8

system-config-date 5 6
1 Be aware of potential issues when using subscription-manager on Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 5: https://access.redhat.com/solutions/129003. Configure timedatectl 7 8
2 Subscription-manager is used for Satellite 6, Satellite 5.6 with SAM and newer, time and date date 5 6 7 8
and Red Hat’s CDN.
3 RHN tools are deprecated on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. rhn_register should gnome-control-center 8
be used for Satellite server 5.6 and newer only. For details, see: What subscription
management services are offered by RHSM?, Transition of Red Hat Network
/etc/ntp.conf 5 6
Classic Hosted to Red Hat Subscription Management, and Satellite 5.6 unable ntpdate 5 6 7
to register RHEL 7 client system due to rhn-setup package not included in
Minimal installation. Synchronize timedatectl
time and date /etc/chrony.conf 7 8

date
8
chronyc

Security and identity system-config-keyboard 5 6

Configure
TASK RHEL localectl 7 8
keyboard
/etc/selinux/config gnome-control-center 8
Configure chcon
/etc/ssh/ssh_config
restorecon Configure
system 5 6 7 8 /etc/ssh/sshd_config
semanage 5 6 7 8
security SSH ~/.ssh/config
setsebool
ssh-keygen
system-config-selinux

Report on
system sealert 5 6 7 8
security

authconfig
LDAP, SSSD, authconfig-tui 5 6 7
authconfig-gtk
Kerberos
authselect 8

Network users getent 5 6 7 8

Jobs and services Jobs and services (cont.)
TASK RHEL TASK RHEL

chkconfig --list cron

5 6
ls /etc/init.d/ Schedule/ at 5 6 7 8
systemctl -at service batch tasks batch

ls /etc/systemd/system/*.service systemd-run --on-calendar 8

List all ls /usr/lib/systemd/system/*. 7
services service Find file by locate 5 6 7 8
systemctl list-units -at service name
find /etc/systemd/ /usr/lib/
8
systemd/ /run/systemd/ -name Find file by find 5 6 7 8
*.service” characteristic
service --status-all 5 6
List running tar
services systemctl -t service
7 8 Create archive cpio
5 6 7 8
--state=active zip
xz
service name start
5 6
Start/stop service name stop
service systemctl start name.service
7 8
systemctl stop name.service User management
chkconfig name on
Enable/ 5 6 TASK RHEL
chkconfig name off
disable
service systemctl enable name.service Graphical user system-config-users 5 6 7
7 8
systemctl disable name.service management
gnome-control-center 8
View service service name status 5 6
Create user useradd 5 6 7
status systemctl status name.service 7 8
account gnome-control-center 8
Check if chkconfig name --list 5 6
service is Delete user userdel 5 6 7
enabled systemctl is-enabled name 7 8 account gnome-control-center 8

Create new chkconfig --add 5 6 usermod

service file /etc/passwd
View/change 5 6 7
or modify systemctl daemon-reload
7 8 user account vipw
configuration /etc/systemd/system/*.service
details id

runlevel 5 6 gnome-control-center 8
View run
systemctl get-default 7 8
level/target Create user groupadd 5 6 7
who -r 5 6 7 8 group gnome-control-center 8
/etc/inittab
5 6 groupdel 5 6 7
Change run init run_level Delete user
level/target systemctl isolate name.target group
7 8 gnome-control-center 8
systemctl set-default
groupmod
/etc/syslog.conf 5 Change group 5 6 7
/etc/group
/etc/rsyslog.conf 6 7 8 details
Configure gnome-control-center 8
logging /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf
/var/log/journal 7 8 passwd 5 6 7
Change user
systemd-journald.service
password gnome-control-center 8
journalctl 7 8
View logs usermod
/var/log 5 6 7 8 5 6 7
Change user visudo
pam_tty_audit kernel module 5 6 7 permissions
gnome-control-center 8
tlog 8
Change chage 5 6 7
Configure add audit=1 to kernel cmdline
system audit auditctl password
/etc/audit/auditd.conf policy gnome-control-center 8
5 6 7 8
/etc/audit/audit.rules
authconfig w 5 6 7
/etc/pam.d/system-auth
View user
sessions gnome-control-center 8
View audit aureport
5 6 7
output /var/log/faillog
Software management Kernel, boot, and hardware
TASK RHEL TASK RHEL

yum groupinstall 5 6 append 1 or s or init=/bin/bash

to kernel cmdline 5 6
Install Single user/
yum group install 7 8 rescue mode
software append 1 or s or rd.break or
init=/bin/bash to kernel 7 8
yum install 5 6 7 8 cmdline

yum groupinfo 5 6 Shut down shutdown 5 6 7 8

View software system
yum group info 7 8
info
Power off systemctl poweroff 7 8
yum info 5 6 7 8
system poweroff 5 6 7 8
Update yum update 5 6 7 8
software systemctl halt 7 8
Halt system
halt 5 6 7 8
Upgrade yum upgrade 5 6 7 8
software systemctl reboot 7 8
Reboot
system
Configure reboot 5 6 7 8
subscription-manager repos
software 5 6 7 8
repository
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo Configure /etc/inittab 5 6
default run
level/target systemctl set-default 7 8
Find package rpm -qf filename
5 6 7 8
owning file yum provides filename-glob
/boot/grub/grub.conf 5 6
Configure
rpm -q packagename 5 6 GRUB /etc/default/grub
View software bootloader grub2-mkconfig 7 8
version yum list installed packagename grub-set-default
7 8
rpm -q packagename
hwbrowser 5

View installed rpm -qa View hardware

lshw (in EPEL) 6 7
software yum list installed
5 6 7 8 configured
lshw 8
Install a yum module install module_name 8 Configure
module modprobe 5 6 7 8
kernel module
View info on a yum module info module_name 8 Configure
module
hardware udev 5 6 7 8
device
View a
module’s yum module info module_name 8
streams View kernel sysctl -a
5 6 7 8
parameters cat /proc/cmdline

yum module remove

Change module_name:stream Load kernel modprobe 5 6 7 8
module yum module reset module:stream 8 module
streams yum module install
module:new_stream Remove modprobe -r 5 6 7 8
kernel module
List available yum module list 8
modules View kernel rpm -q kernel
5 6 7 8
version uname -r
File systems, volumes, and disks File systems, volumes, and disks (cont.)
TASK RHEL TASK RHEL

ext3 5 View NFS showmount -e

Default file 5 6 7 8
ext4 6 share mount
system
xfs 7 8 service nfs reload 5 6
ssm create 7 Configure
NFS share
systemctl reload nfs.service 7 8
Create/ gdisk 7 8
/etc/exports 5 6 7 8
modify disk ssm_create 8
partitions Configure
fdisk /etc/auto.master.d/*.autofs
5 6 7 8 on-demand /etc/auto.* 8
parted
auto-mounts
ssm create 7 8
Format disk chmod
partition mkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs)
5 6 7 8
Change file chown
mkswap permissions chgrp 8
umask (future file creation)
xfs_fsr 6 7 8
Defragment copy data to new file system Change file
disk space chattr 8
fsck (look for ‘non-contiguous 5 6 7 8 attributes
inodes’)

ssm mount 7 8
Change
Mount access setfacl 8
storage mount control list
5 6 7 8
/etc/fstab

Mount and /etc/fstab

5 6 7 8
activate swap swapon -a
Resource management
Configure /etc/fstab 5 6 7 8 TASK RHEL
static mounts
Trace system
View free disk calls
strace 5 6 7 8
df 5 6 7 8
space

lvdisplay Trace library ltrace 5 6 7 8

lvs calls
View logical vgdisplay
volume info vgs 5 6 7 8
Change
pvdisplay nice
pvs
process renice 5 6 7 8
priority
Create ssm create (if backend is lvm) 8
physical Change
volume pvcreate 5 6 7 8 process run taskset 5 6 7 8
location
Create volume ssm create (if backend is lvm) 8
kill
group Kill a process pkill 5 6 7 8
vgcreate 5 6 7 8
killall
Create logical ssm create (if backend is lvm) 8
netstat 5 6
volume lvcreate 5 6 7 8 ss
tuna 6 7 8
Enlarge
resize2fs 5 6
volumes pcp atop 8
xfs_growfs
7 8 View system
formatted ssm resize
usage top
with default ps
file system vgextend
5 6 7 8 sar
lvextend iostat 5 6 7 8
vmstat
resize2fs
Shrink lvreduce 5 6
mpstat
volumes vgreduce
numastat
formatted iostat 6 7 8
with default XFS cannot currently be shrunk;
file system copy desired data to a smaller 7 8 View disk pcp-dstat
file system. usage pmiostat 8

Check/repair ssm check 8 df 5 6 7 8

file system fsck 5 6 7 8
Networking
TASK RHEL

Configure nmcli con mod 7 8

name
/etc/hosts
resolution /etc/resolv.conf
5 6 7 8

/etc/sysconfig/network 5 6
Configure
hostnamectl
hostname /etc/hostname 7 8
nmtui

ifconfig 5 6

nmcli dev show

View network teamdctl 7 8
interface info bridge

ip addr
5 6 7 8
brctl

nmcli con [add|mod|edit]

Configure nmtui 7 8
network nm-connection-editor
interface /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
5 6 7 8
ifcfg-*

View routes ip route 5 6 7 8

system-config-network 5 6

nmcli
Configure nmtui 7 8
routes nm-connection-editor

ip route add
5 6 7 8
/etc/sysconfig/route-iface

iptables and ip6tables

5 6
/etc/sysconfig/ip*tables

Configure system-config-firewall 6
firewall firewall-cmd
7 8
firewall-config

nftables 8

pcp-dstat--socket 8
View ports/
ss
sockets lsof 5 6 7 8
netstat

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