CONFIDENTIAL, f =! EHIJAN 2018/CHES45 Q UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE : MASS TRANSFER COURSE CODE : CHES45 EXAMINATION JANUARY 2018 TIME 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1 This question paper consists of five (5) questions. 2 ‘Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 3 Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 4 Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of i) the Question Paper ii) aone~page Form 1 ii) acne —page Form 2 iv) aone—page Appendix V) an Answer Booklet — provided by the Faculty 5. ‘Submit ALL forms together with answer booklet. 6 Answer ALL questions in English. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of 4 printed pages (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL 2 EHIJAN 2018/CHES45 QUESTION 1 (P04, CO1, C1) ) Mechanism of mass transfer involves both molecular diffusion and convection. Define these two (2) mechanisms. (6 marks) b) By using appropriate example, explain the steady state diffusion of A through non- diffusing B for molecular diffusion of gases. (10 marks) QUESTION 2 (P01, Cot, C3) a) The solute HCI (A) is diffusing through a thin film of water (B) which is 2.0 mm thick at 283K. The concentration of HCI at point 1 at one boundary of the film is 12.0 wt% HCl. and at the other boundary at point 2 is 6.0 wt% HCl. The diffusion coefficient of HCI in water is 2.5 x 10° m?/s. Assuming steady state and one boundary impermeable to water, calculate the flux of HCI in kg mol/s'm?.Given the density of HCl at point 1 is 1060.7 kg/m? and at point 2 is 1030.3 kg/m®, respectively. (MW HCI= 36.47 kg/kmol). (18 marks) b) A stream of air at 325.6K is flowing in a duct made of solid naphthalene. The velocity of the air is 1.524 m/s at 325.6K and 202.6 kPa. The Das of naphthalene in air is 3.512 x 10° m*/s. Determine the value of the mass transfer coefficient for air flowing parallel to a flat plate of 0.152 m in length and for air flowing past a single sphere of 12.7 mm in diameter. Given’ Viscosity (u) of air = 1.97 x 105 Pas Density (p) of air = 2.172 kgim? Gas constant (R} 3314 J/kgmol-K Molecular weight of air = 29 kg/kgmol (18 marks) QUESTION 3 (P02, C03, C4) Countercurrent multiple-stage absorber is generally used to get more concentrated product and to conserve use of the liquid entering, Lo stream. In a countercurrent multiple-stage tower, itis desired to absor’ 85% of the ammonia in a gas containing 0.94 mol% ammonia in air. The Process is to operate isothermally at 300 K and a total pressure of 101.3 kPa. The total inlet a8 flow to the tower is 20 kgmol/h and the total inlet pure water flow used to absorb the (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA, CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 3 EHIJAN 2018/CHES45 ammonia is 60 kgmol/h. The equilibrium relation for the ammonia (A) in the gas-liquid is given in Form 1. Determine the number of theoretical stages required. Please attach Form 1 with your answer booklet. (18 marks) QUESTION 4 (P02, C02, C2) a) In adsorption process, one or more components of a gas or liquid stream are adsorbed on the surface of a solid adsorbent and thus, the separation is accomplished. In commercial processes the adsorbent is usually in the form of small particles in a fixed bed. Many adsorbents have been developed for a wide range of separations. State four (4) physical properties of adsorbents and three (3) examples of commercial adsorbents. (7 marks) b) Explain the concept of constant rate period and falling rate period as shown in Figure 1 a | 01 #02 03 O04 O05 06 Free moisture X (kg Hz O/kg dry solid) Figure 1 Drying rate curve (6 marks) © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA, CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 4 EHIJAN 2018/CHES45 QUESTION 5 (P02, CO3, C6) a) Acetone is to be recovered from an acetone-air mixture by counter-current scrubbing with water in a packed tower at 293 K and 101.32 kPa. The cross-sectional area of the tower is 20 m®. The inlet gas mixture has 5 mol% acetone, The gas flow rate is 0.5 kgmol inert airlm?-s and the pure water inlet flow rate is 0.85 kgmol/m?-s. The overall mass transfer Coefficient Ky’a can be taken as 0.0152 kgmol/(m*-s:mol fraction). The system may be considered as dilute. Evaluate the height of the tower for 98% removal of the entering acetone. The equilibrium graph for the mixture is given in Form 2. Please attach Form 2 with your answer booklet, (10 marks) b) Milk preservation is one of the drying application in food industry. Recommend one (1) Suitable type of drying equipment to preserve milk and explain its operating process. (8 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA, CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 5. Conversions between mass transfer coefficients Pp “RT Liquids: k,¢ = k,c =k, Gases: kc = 6. Mass transfer correlation i) For flow parallel to flat plate Gases: J, = 0.036Nj27 Liquid: J, = 0.664N;2° ii) For flow past single sphere Gases: Nq, =2+0.552NS" Ni Liquids: N,, = 2 + 0.95N0°N2 M, lier) 8. Dimensionless number Lup _D,ve H (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA. APPENDIX EH/JAN 2018/CHES545 kKL_KD, Ngy = = "Ds Paw 9. Operating line ¥Varf( %),y(% eve)“ t) 10. Slope = tet: ae =-160 1. y-y)h Yc v)-W,-¥) 12. Tower height L,-)=Keaely-y1)e X,) = k,a2(K, -)y Ly,-v)=Kyaely yy x,)=K,az(x" -x), 13. Number of transfer unit H-¥_-__V oe Kas K,alt-y),S L L Poe Kas K,a(t-x)yS CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL FORM 1 EHIJAN 2018/CHES45, Student oor oot 0.006 0.004 002 ° 0.0005 0.001-—«.0NIS = o.0az==«0.025 0.00 00035 © (aNKS (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL