CONFIDENTIAL EHIDEC 2014/CHES45 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE MASS TRANSFER COURSE CODE : CHES45 EXAMINATION : DECEMBER 2014 TIME : 3HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES a This question paper consists of five (5) questions. 2 ‘Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 3 Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 4 Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of i) the Question Paper ii) atwo— page Appendix iii) an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty iv) Three graph papers — provided by the Faculty DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of 4 printed pages © Hak Cipta Universit Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 2 EHIDEC 2014/CHES45 QUESTION 4 (P01, POG, CO3, CO2, C4, C2) a) The rate coefficient of various components in a given phase will differ from each other under conditions where molecular diffusion prevails. Explain three (3) important aspect of mass transfer coefficients in industry. (6 marks) b) A stream of air at 100 kPa pressure and 300K is flowing on the top surface of a thin flat sheet of solid naphthalene of length 0.2 m with a velocity of 20 m/s. Other data are given below: Sh = 0.664 Re, ‘? Sc'® Mass diffusivity of naphthalene vapor in air = 6 X 10° m’/s Kinematic viscosity of air = 1.5 X 10° m?.s Concentration of naphthalene at the air-solid naphthalene interface = 1 X 10° kmolim? Estimate: i) The average overall mass transfer coefficient over the flat plate (7 marks) ii) The rate of loss of naphthalene from the surface per unit width (7 marks) QUESTION 2 (P01, PO6, CO3, CO1, C3, C4) a) Glucose from an aqueous solution was adsorbed by using activated alumina in a batch process. The equilibrium isotherm data is given in Table 1 Table 1: Equilibrium isotherm data © (g/cm) 0.004 | 0.0087 | 0.019 | 0.027 | 0.094 | 0.195 a @ solutelg alumina) 0.026 | 0.053 | 0.075 | 0.082 | 0.123 | 0.129 By using the data given in Table 1, i) Identify the isotherm that fits the data (10 marks) ii) Estimate the constants of the equations (q and c). (6 marks) © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 3 EHIDEC 2014/CHES45 b) The phenomena of concentration of molecules of a gas substances or liquid substances at a solid is known as adsorption. Describe physical and chemical adsorption. (4 marks) QUESTION 3 (P01, POG, CO3, C3) Countercurrent multiple-stage absorber is generally used to get a more concentrated product and to conserve use of the liquid entering, Lo stream. In a countercurrent stage tower, it is desired to absorb 85% of the ammonia (NH,) in a gas containing 0.94 mol% NH in air. The process is to operate isothermally at 300 K and a total pressure of 101.3 kPa. The total inlet gas flow to the tower is 20.0 kg mol/h and the total inlet pure water flow to be used to absorb the NHs is 60 kg mol HzO/h. The equilibrium relation for the NHs (A) in the gas-liquid is yx = 2.5X.. a) Draw the process flow diagram for this process. (2 marks) b) Determine the vapor outlet, (V;), composition of A leaving, (yas), liquid outlet, (Ly) and composition of A leaving, (Xan) (8 marks) c) _ Determine number of theoretical stages required graphically. (10 marks) QUESTION 4 (P01, POS, CO3, CO2, C4, C2) a) Abatch of wet solid was dried on a tray dryer using constant drying conditions and a thickness of material on the tray is 25.4 mm. Only the top surface was exposed to drying. The drying during the constant rate period was Rc = 2.05 kg H,O/h.m*. The ratio Ls/A used was 24.4 kg dry solid/m* exposed surface. The initial free moisture was X, = 0.55 and the critical moisture content Xc = 0.22 kg free moisture/kg dry solid. Calculate: i) The time to dry a batch of this material from X; = 0.45 to X2 = 0.3 using the same drying conditions but the thickness of 50.8 mm, with drying from the top and bottom surfaces. (6 marks) (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL, 4 EHIDEC 2014/CHES45 b) °c) Air having a dry bulb temperature of 37.8 °C and a wet bulb temperature of 26.7 °C is to be dried by first cooling to 15.6 °C to condense water vapor and then heating to 23.9°C, i) Estimate the initial humidity and percentage humidity from the humidity chart given. (4 marks) il) Calculate the final humidity and percentage humidity (4 marks) With the aid of drying rate curve, describe drying in the constant rate and falling rate period. (6 marks) QUESTION 5 (P01, POG, CO3, C3) a) b) © (A) is diffusing through CO (B) under steady-state condition, with CO non- diffusing. The total pressure (Pr) = 1 X 10° Nim‘, and temperature is 0 °C. The Partial pressure POz at two planes 2.0 mm apart is 1300 and 6500 Nim? respectively. The diffusivity for the mixture is 1.87 X 10° m*/s. Calculate the O, rate of diffusion in kmol/s through each square meter of the two planes. (Given: R = 8314 N.m/kmol.K). (10 marks) By using the ideal gas law, determine the mass fraction of both O2 and Nz and the mean molecular weight of air when it is maintained at 25 °C and 1 atm (1.013 X 10° Pa). Given the molecular weight of O, is 0.032 kg/mol and Nz is 0.028 kg/mol respectively. (Basis: 1 mol of gas mixture). (10 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER @ Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologl MARA CONFIDENTIAL,APPENDIX 1 EHIDEC 2014/CHES45 CONFIDENTIAL, (uoysspuisad ari 4 “O96 t “kuuodmiod 00g [1 Hf-"O.DIPY *¥40 { aN “pa pag 'suo}I049d0 safsuvs p-ssopy Yootes.L “3 °Y W043) (OH wau 994) Day SZE-TOT Jo anss04d 0102 v 30 Jodon sovDe pu spo fo seunsxyus Jof o> Aujplunty "Z-£'6 RAMONE (0) emyerodwiog, Vo) OL Och Orr «OO 06 ok os hoe oe ot 0 0 100 700 EF coo & +00 Soe = 900 F 0 é & L100 £ g 800 3 0°0 3 6 go 10 = B = av TSE apa oFtived _ 10 10 sto CONFIDENTIAL © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARACONFIDENTIAL, APPENDIX 2 EHIDEC 2014/CHES45 LIST OF FORMULAE 3. cg J/kg dry air.K = 1.005 + 1.88 H 3 ir = 248g (4 4. uy m3 /kg dry air = 27k (SE ai") CL a Na= ma (Pat ~ Paz) 6. Na= "2 In eo Te Pan 7. Sh= oa where L is the characteristic dimension for sphere L = Diameter =e 8. So= 9. Re=Lle . u 40. Mass flux, Nq= KeAC = k (Cy Cra) 11. Dissolution rate = Na S ; (S = surface area) 12. Pom = Psy = Paz In (Pev/Pe2) (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL,