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Automotive industry
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The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells the world's motor
vehicles. In 2009, more than 60 million motor vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles
were produced worldwide.[1]
In 2007, a total of 79.9 million new automobiles were sold worldwide: 22.9 million in Europe,
21.4 million in Asia-Pacific, 19.4 million in USA and Canada, 4.4 million in Latin America, 2.4
million in the Middle East and 1.4 million in Africa.[2] The markets in North America and Japan
were stagnant, while those in South America and other parts of Asia grew strongly. Of the major
markets, China, Russia, Brazil and India saw the most rapid growth, and China became both the
largest automobile producer and market in the world after experiencing massive growth in 2009.
In the first quarter of 2010, the total sales of automobile were 4.61 millions in China, and the
total sales were expected to be around 17 millions(13.65 millions in 2009) for the year of 2010,
nearly twice as much as USA.
About 250 million vehicles are in use in the United States. Around the world, there were about
806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007; they burn over 260 billion gallons of
gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China.[3] In the
opinion of some, urban transport systems based around the car have proved unsustainable,
consuming excessive energy, affecting the health of populations, and delivering a declining level
of service despite increasing investments. Many of these negative impacts fall disproportionately
on those social groups who are also least likely to own and drive cars.[4][5][6] The sustainable
transport movement focuses on solutions to these problems.
In 2008, with rapidly rising oil prices, industries such as the automotive industry, are
experiencing a combination of pricing pressures from raw material costs and changes in
consumer buying habits. The industry is also facing increasing external competition from the
public transport sector, as consumers re-evaluate their private vehicle usage.[7] Roughly half of
the US's fifty-one light vehicle plants are projected to permanently close in the coming years,
with the loss of another 200,000 jobs in the sector, on top of the 560,000 jobs lost this decade.[8].
Contents
[hide]
• 1 History
• 2 Crisis in the automotive industry
• 3 World motor vehicle production
○ 3.1 By Country
○ 3.2 By Manufacturer
• 4 Company relationships
• 5 Top vehicle manufacturing groups (by volume)
○ 5.1 Notes
• 6 Minor automotive manufacturers
• 7 See also
• 8 References
• 9 External links
[edit] History
The first practical automobile with a Petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim,
Germany. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1886, and began the first
production of automobiles in 1888, after Bertha Benz, his wife, had proved with the first long-
distance trip in August 1888 - from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back - that the horseless coach
was absolutely suitable for daily use. Since 2008 a Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates
this event.
Soon after, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart in 1889 designed a vehicle from
scratch to be an automobile, rather than a horse-drawn carriage fitted with an engine. They also
are usually credited as inventors of the first motorcycle in 1886, but Italy's Enrico Bernardi, of
the University of Padua, in 1882, patented a 0.024 horsepower (17.9 W) 122 cc (7.4 cu in) one-
cylinder petrol motor, fitting it into his son's tricycle, making it at least a candidate for the first
automobile, and first motorcycle;.[9]:p.26 Bernardi enlarged the tricycle in 1892 to carry two adults.
[9]:p.26
China 13,790,994
Japan 7,934,516
United 5,711,823
States
Germa 5,209,857
ny
South 3,512,916
Korea
Brazil 3,182,617
India 2,632,694
Spain 2,170,078
France 2,049,762
Mexic 1,557,290
o
Canada 1,489,651
UK 1,090,139
Czech 974,569
Rep.
Thaila 968,305
nd
Poland 879,186
Turkey 869,605
Italy 843,239
Iran 752,310
Russia 722,431
Belgiu 522,810
m
Reference: "Production Statistics". OICA.
http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
[edit] By Manufacturer
[hide]
v•d•e
« previous year — Top motor vehicle manufacturing companies by
volume 2008 next year »
Total motor vehicle production
6,000,0007,000,000
8,000,000
Group 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000
9,000,000
10,000,000
Heavy Commercial
Key Cars Light Commercial Vehicles VehiclesHeavy
Buses
Toyota 9,237,780
General
8,282,803
Motors
Volkswagen* 6,517,288
Ford 5,407,000
Honda 3,912,700
Nissan 3,395,065
PSA 3,325,407
Hyundai** 2,777,137
Suzuki 2,623,567
Fiat 2,524,325
Renault 2,417,351
Daimler 2,174,299
Chrysler 1,893,068
BMW 1,439,918
Kia** 1,395,324
Mazda 1,349,274
Mitsubishi 1,309,231
AvtoVAZ 801,563
Tata 798,265
FAW 637,720
Fuji 616,497
Isuzu 538,810
Chana
531,149
Automobile
Dongfeng 489,266
Beijing
446,680
Automotive
Chery 350,560
SAIC 282,003
Volvo 248,991
Brilliance 241,553
Harbin Hafei 226,754
Geely 220,955
Anhui
207,711
Jianghuai
BYD 192,971
GAZ 187,053
Mahindra 162,816
Proton 157,306
Great Wall 129,651
Paccar 125,084
Chongqing
122,783
Lifan
M.A.N. 108,053
Jiangxi
107,422
Changhe
China
106,377
National
Porsche 96,721
LUAZ 90,548
Navistar 90,264
Shannxi Auto 75,220
UAZ 72,181
Ashok
71,485
Leyland
Kuozui 67,891
Heavy Commercial
Key Cars Light Commercial Vehicles VehiclesHeavy
Buses
Total global production: 69,561,356
Reference: "World motor vehicle production by manufacturer: World
ranking of manufacturers 2008". OICA. July 2009. http://oica.net/wp-
content/uploads/world-ranking-2008.pdf.
* Volkswagen Group total includes Scania production figures, which OICA
lists separately. Scania is a VW Group subsidiary.
** Hyundai Kia Automotive Group and Kia Motors are listed separately as
the former owns only 38.67% of the latter.
[edit] Company relationships
It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers.
These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies.
Notable current relationships include:
• Daimler AG holds a 20% stake in Eicher Motors, a 10.0% stake in KAMAZ, a 10% stake
in Tesla Motors, a 6.75% stake in Tata Motors and a 3.1% in the Renault-Nissan Motors
alliance. They are in the process of selling back their 40% stake in McLaren Group. This
process will be finalized in 2011.
• Dongfeng Motor Corporation is involved in joint ventures with several companies in
China, including: Honda, Hyundai, Nissan, Nissan Diesel, and PSA Peugeot Citroen.
• Fiat holds a 85% stake in Ferrari and a 20% stake in Chrysler, that can be increased to
35%; with the option of increasing its stake further.
• Ford Motor Company holds a 13.4% stake in Mazda and an 8.3% share in Aston Martin.
• Geely Automobile holds a 23% stake in Manganese Bronze Holdings.
• General Motors and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC) have two joint
ventures in Shanghai General Motors and SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile.
• Hyundai Kia Automotive Group holds a 38.67% stake in Kia Motors, down from the
51% that it acquired in 1998.
• MAN SE holds a 17.01% voting stake in Scania.
• Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.74% stake in Volkswagen Group. Due to
liquidity problems, Volkswagen Group is now in the process of acquiring Porsche.
• Renault-Nissan Motors have an alliance involving two global companies linked by cross-
shareholding, with Renault holding 44.3% of Nissan shares, and Nissan holding 15% of
(non-voting) Renault shares. The alliance holds a 3.1% share in Daimler AG.
• Renault holds a 25% stake in AvtoVAZ and 20.5% of the voting stakes in Volvo Group.
• Toyota holds a 51% stake in Daihatsu, and 16.5% in Fuji Heavy Industries, parent
company of Subaru.
• Volkswagen Group and FAW have a joint venture.
• Volkswagen Group and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC) have a joint
venture in Shanghai Volkswagen Automotive.
• Volkswagen Group holds a 37.73% stake in Scania (68.6% voting rights), and a 29%
stake in MAN SE.
• Volkswagen Group has a 49.9% stake in Porsche AG. Volkswagen is in the process of
acquiring Porsche, which will be completed in mid-2011.
• Volkswagen Group has a 19.9% stake in Suzuki, and Suzuki has a 5% stake in
Volkswagen.
[edit] Top vehicle manufacturing groups (by volume)
The table below shows the world's largest motor vehicle manufacturing groups, along with the
marques produced by each one. The table is ranked by 2008 end of year production figures from
the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA)[10] for the parent group,
and then alphabetically by marque.
Country of
Marque Ownership Markets
origin
30. Harbin Hafei Automobile Industry Group, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Hafei Division China
42. China National Heavy Duty Truck Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Sinotruk Division China
[edit] Notes
* Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.7 percent share in the Volkswagen Group.[11]
However, Volkswagen Group will acquire Porsche AG, the automotive manufacturer under a
new "Integrated Automotive Group". This merger/acquisition is expected to be fully completed
in mid-2011.[12][13]
[edit] Minor automotive manufacturers
Main article: Minor automotive manufacturing groups
There are many automobile manufacturers other than the major global companies. They are
mostly regional or operating in niche markets.
[edit] See also
• Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers
• Automotive industry by country
• Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2009
• Automotive market
• Big Three automobile manufacturers
• Effects of the 2008-2009 automotive industry crisis on the United States
• List of auto parts
• List of former automotive manufacturing plants
• Top 20 motor vehicle producing companies
[edit] References
1. ^ "World Motor Vehicle Production by Country: 2008-2009". OICA.
http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/.
2. ^ "2008 Global Market Data Book", Automotive News, p.5
3. ^ Plunkett Research, "Automobile Industry Introduction" (2008)
4. ^ Kenworthy, J R (2004). "Transport Energy Use and Greenhouse Emissions in Urban
Passenger Transport Systems" (PDF). Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy.
http://cst.uwinnipeg.ca/documents/Transport_Greenhouse.pdf. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
5. ^ World Health Organisation, Europe. "Health effects of transport".
http://www.euro.who.int/transport/hia/20021009_2. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
6. ^ Social Exclusion Unit, Office of the Prime Minister (UK). "Making the Connections -
final report on transport and social exclusion" (PDF). http://www.google.ca/url?
sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carplus.org.uk
%2FResources%2Fpdf
%2FMaking_the_Connections_Final_Report_on_Transport_and_Social_Exclusion.pdf&
ei=SzLBSbDFKYHaMbvwgK0N&usg=AFQjCNFCbKeT7rQ0zt7aOL5K-
1OTXBm9EA&sig2=o-ASe9xe84uOEJTQt-DxuQ. Retrieved 2003-02-01.
7. ^ IBISWorld Newsletter, June 2008, GLOBAL TRENDS Oil – The Crude Reality of
Current trends, IBISWorld
8. ^ Jeff Rubin (2009-03-02). "Wrong Turn" (PDF). CIBC World Markets.
http://research.cibcwm.com/economic_public/download/sfeb09.pdf.
9. ^ a b Georgano, G. N. Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930. (London: Grange-Universal,
1985)
10. ^ "World Motor Vehicle Production: World Ranking of Manufacturers 2008" (PDF).
OICA. http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/world-ranking-2008.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-
27.
11. ^ "Volkswagen Group - Shareholder Structure". Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft.
VolkswagenAG.com.
http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/content/en/investor_relations/share/Shareh
older_Structure.html. Retrieved 22 December 2009.
12. ^ Porsche Automobil Holding SE, Stuttgart (20 November 2009). "Porsche Supervisory
Board agrees on the contracts of implementation". Press release. http://www.porsche-
se.com/pho/en/news/?pool=pho&id=2009-11-20. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
13. ^ Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft (13 August 2009). "Volkswagen Supervisory Board
approves Comprehensive Agreement for an Integrated Automotive Group with Porsche".
Press release.
http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/info_center/en/news/2009/08/Volkswagen_
Aufsichtsrat_stimmt_Grundlagenvereinbarung_fuer.html. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
Pioneer Auto Compaines 1897-1904; N.Y.S.
• Amsterdam NY: Tillerwilliger Steamer
• Buffalo; Thomas 1902 Runabout
• Elmira, Steam Car 1902
• IlLion NY; 1900 Remington Runabout
• Fort Plain NY; Spring and Axel. 1897, 1902, 1903 Dr. Runabouts
• Utica NY: 1903 Buckmobile
[edit] External links
Look up automotive industry in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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