IEEE International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology Research (ICAETR - 2014),
August 01-02, 2014, Dr. Virendra Swarup Group of Institutions, Unnao, India
Wide Ku-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna Using
Defected patch and ground
1
Amit Singh Bhadouria, Student MIEEE
Electronics Engg. Department
University College of Engineering
Rajasthan Technical University
Kota, India
aamit05singh@gmail.com
Abstract—— New Simple and compact wide Ku-band Microstrip
patch antenna is proposed. Defected patch and ground design is
used to achieve wide band. The proposed antenna is designed on
FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.9 and thickness 1 mm
and its overall size is 17 X 17 X 1.07 mm3 with patch size 13 X 11
X 0.035 mm3. The results of proposed antennas like return loss,
VSWR and radiation pattern (gain, directivity and efficiency) are
simulated and analyzed using commercial computer simulation
technology microwave studio (CST MWS). By simulating this
antenna structure using above EM tool we are getting one wide
band from 15.27 to 16.51 GHz with resonant frequency at 15.8
GHz. Return loss at this frequency is -25 dB. Gain and directivity
at the resonant frequency are 4.45 dB and 5.17 dBi respectively.
Radiation efficiency of this antenna is 84.8%. The VSWR ≤ 1.1
for the resonant frequency. The low profile nature and simple
configuration of antennas show the way to easy fabrication. The
proposed antenna is operating in wide range of Ku-band which
includes different satellite applications (Fixed satellite, Mobile
satellite, aeronautical radio navigation, space research,
radiolocation etc.)
Keywords— Ku-band, MSP (microstrip patch), RADAR (radio
detection and ranging), Radiolocation, VSWR (voltage standing
wave ratio), X-band.
I. INTRODUCTION
Ku-band is widely used for satellite communications
basically; Ku-band can be used for broadcasting and 2-way
Internet connections by eliminating competition and signal
interference from other communications systems. Merits of
Ku-bands are
• More targeted coverage
• Versatile spectrum with increased reliability
• Targets enterprise and government markets
Dedicated support with high quality
• Avoids signal interference from other
communications systems
• High bandwidths
• New capacity, to supplement saturated C –band
• adaptable and secure connectivity
978-1-4799-6393-5/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE
2
Mithilesh Kumar, MIEEE
Electronics Engg. Department
University College of Engineering
Rajasthan Technical University
Kota, India
Mith_kr@yahoo.com
• Small antennas for end-users
• support large bandwidth applications
MSP antenna has various advantages such as, low cost,
small size, light weight, thin profile and ease of fabrication [1]
but MSP has also few disadvantages like low gain, narrow
bandwidth and low efficiency. These disadvantages are
overcome by using different methods like: proper feeding [2],
array configuration [3], and slots in patch in proper position
[4], [5]. and using multilayered [6], meta-material
[7],PBG[8],SIW[9] and DGS[10] structures.DGS is realized
by etching simple shape from the ground plane. Various MSP
antenna structures with different shaped slots like double U-
slot [11], PIFA [12], E slot, H slot are reported and for Ku-
band applications triangular slot on patch [13], elliptical patch
with square slot in ground [14] and patch antenna with loaded
notches and slits [15-16] are reported.
In this paper defected patch and ground plane structure are
used to enhance the bandwidth. We get 1.23GHz wide band in
Ku-band which covers maximum satellite application of Ku-
band. .we will included four sections in section II the antenna
design is described in which firstly the simple rectangular
MSP, then MSP structure with semi U , U slots with DGS or
without DGS is explained. In section III simulation results are
explained and discussed the return loss, VSWR, and radiation
pattern (gain, directivity, bandwidth and efficiency) of MSP
antenna. Then finally we will conclude the paper in conclusion
portion.
II.ANTENNA DESIGN
The proposed antenna is designed on FR-4substrate with
dielectric constant 4.9 and thickness 1mm. A very thin layer of
copper is used for ground plane and patch with thickness
0.035 mm. Microstrip line feed is provided to this rectangular
patch with length L3 and width W3.
For designing proposed antenna three U shape slots (a, b, c)
and two semi U slots (d, e) are cut in patch and one
rectangular slot from ground plane is also etched for getting
required results. This proposed antenna is designed in
following steps which are explained as:
 IEEE International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology Research (ICAETR - 2014),
August 01-02, 2014, Dr. Virendra Swarup Group of Institutions, Unnao, India

A.) Simple MSP antenna with and without DGS

Firstly, simple rectangular shaped MSP antenna is
designed with dimension 17 X 17 X 1.07 mm3. The patch
dimensions are 13 X 11 X 0.035 mm3. By simulating this
simple patch antenna we were not getting any frequency
bands in Ku-band (12-18GHz). Then for achieving band in
Ku-band a rectangular slot is etched from ground plane
with dimensions B2 X B1. Geometry of both these
structures is shown in Figure1. (a-b). Due to this the band
we achieved its return loss is greater than -5dB so the
antenna structure required modification.
B.) MSP antenna with d, e slots and DGS
For modification in MSP we cut two semi U slots (e,
d) as shown in Figure.2 (a) by simulating this structure we
get three bands in Ku-band. all bands, resonant frequencies
and return loss are mentioned in TABLE II. Return loss
variation graph due to different slots is shown in Figure.4.
C.) MSP antenna with slots b, c, d, e and DGS
Bands achieved from above structure were of low
bandwidth so for enhancing the bandwidth we cut two U
slots in upper portion of MSP. As in fractal MSP antennas Figure.3 Modified MSP antenna with slots (a, b, c, d and e) and
we defect the patch for increasing the band width. And in DGS
this antenna structure also we used the semi fractal TABLE 1
designing process. Using this two frequency bands are DIMENSIONS OF PROPOSED MSP ANTENNA
achieved with good return loss as shown in Figure. 4.
Values are mentioned in TABLE II. Antenna Value Antenna Value
parameter parameter
L 17.0 mm W 17.0 mm
L1 13.0 mm W1 15.0mm
W2 4.0 mm W4 0.5mm
L3 6.0 mm W3 2.8mm
L4 1.5mm W7 2.1mm
L5 3mm W5 3.0mm
L6 2.0mm W6 2.0mm

(a) (b)
D.) MSP with slots a, b, c, d, e and DGS

A. Figure1.(a) Simple MSP antenna (b) back view MSP antenna with From TABLE II we get that by introducing different
DGS slots on MSP in the presence of DGS there is improvement in
bandwidth and return loss of frequency bands. So we
introduced one more U slot (slot a) on MSP patch. Now the
band we achieved have bandwidth of 1.23 GHz and return loss
at resonant frequency is -25 dB.
III.SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The proposed antenna is simulated using the
Electromagnetic (EM) simulation software and using this
software we measured return loss, VSWR and farfield
radiation pattern (gain, directivity, and efficiency) of proposed
rectangular MSP antenna which are described in this section.
• As the simple MSP antenna was not providing us any
frequency band in Ku-band and also after cutting
(a) (b) DGS the frequency band we achieved that’s return
Figure.2 (a) MSP with slots (d, e) (b) MSP with slots (b, c, d and e)

978-1-4799-6393-5/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE

 IEEE International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology Research (ICAETR - 2014),
August 01-02, 2014, Dr. Virendra Swarup Group of Institutions, Unnao, India

loss was not good. Figure.4 shows the return loss

comparison graph of MSP antenna with slots d, e and TABLE II
DGS and MSP antenna with slots b, c, d, e and DGS. COMPARISON OF VARIATION IN RETURN LOSS DUE TO
Variation in return loss of proposed antenna with DIFFERENT SLOTS
DGS and without DGS is shown in Figure.5. The
Type of antenna Bands (GHz) Resonant Return
frequency bands, resonant frequencies and their
frequency loss (dB)
respective return losses due to different slots and (GHz)
DGS are tabulated in TABLE II.
Simple MSP NIL NIL NIL
• Variation in VSWR by introducing different slots on
antenna with and
patch in presence of DGS is shown in Figure.6.
without DGS
Figure.7 shows the variation in VSWR of proposed
13.39-13.68 13.55 -24
antenna in the presence and absence of DGS. VSWR
MSP with d, e slot 14.9-15.2 15.13 -14.63
of proposed antenna is 1.1 at resonant frequency. and DGS 16.07-16.50 16.3 -13.19
• Figure.8 shows farfield directivity Abs (Theta=900)
MSP with slot b, 12.54-12.80 12.68 -24.31
of proposed antenna at resonant frequency. The c, d, e and DGS 15.16-16.54 16.33 -19.78
values of farfield radiation pattern are tabulated in
MSP with slots a, 15.27-16.5 15.8 -25
TABLE III. The value of Gain, directivity and b, c, d, e and DGS
radiation efficiency of the proposed structure at
resonant frequency is tabulated in TABLE IV.

Figure.4 comparison graph of MSP antenna with slots d, e and DGS and MSP
antenna with slots b, c, d, e and DGS Figure.6 Comparison of variation in VSWR due to different slots

Figure.5 Variation in return loss of proposed antenna with DGS and without
DGS Figure.7. variation in VSWR of proposed antenna with and without D

978-1-4799-6393-5/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE

 IEEE International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology Research (ICAETR - 2014),
August 01-02, 2014, Dr. Virendra Swarup Group of Institutions, Unnao, India

on wide band from 15.27 to 16.51 GHz with resonant

TABLE III
frequency at 15.8 GHz. At resonant frequency VSWR ≤
FARFIELD PARAMETERS OF PROPOSED ANTENNA 1.1, gain is 4.45 dB, directivity is 5.17dBi and radiation
Resonant Main lobe Main lobe Angular Side lobe
efficiency are 84.8%. The main application of proposed
frequency magnitude direction width level antenna is to make compatible with Ku-band which covers
(GHz) (dBi) (deg) (3dB) (dB) maximum satellite applications (Fixed satellite, Mobile
(deg) satellite, aeronautical radio navigation, space research,
radiolocation etc.)
15.8 2.7 146.0 125.7 -5.5
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 IEEE International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology Research (ICAETR - 2014),
August 01-02, 2014, Dr. Virendra Swarup Group of Institutions, Unnao, India
[12] P.S. Hall, E.lee, C.T.P. Song, Planar Inverted-F Antennas,
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