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Full marks may be obtained with complete answers to ALL questions in Section A (worth a total
of 50 marks) and THREE (out of FOUR) questions from Section B worth 17 marks each. Only
the best THREE answers from Section B will be credited.
An indication of the number of marks allocated to parts of questions is shown in square brackets.
SECTION A
(ii) Determine (A ∪ B)0 and write the resulting set explicitly. [2]
2. The principle of Mathematical Induction (PMI) to prove a statement P(n) for all n ∈ N consists
of two steps:
3. The extended matrix associated with a system of equations A • x = b has been reduced using
elementary row operations to the matrix C. For each of the different matrices C given below,
state whether or not C is in echelon form, and if not, reduce it further to echelon form. Hence,
determine whether or not the system of equations is consistent or not and, when it is consistent,
specify the solution set.
(a)
3 0 0 6
C=
0 1 0 2
0 0 1 0
(b)
1 0 3 5
C= 0 1 0 2
0 0 0 1
(c)
1 0 −1 2
C=
0 0 1 3
[5]
0 0 2 6
4. (a) Calculate the following matrix. Show your workings in detail.
! ! !
1 −4 1 2
2 + · . [1]
−1 7 −2 1
(b) Find the inverse of the following matrices.
2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0
D=
0 0 4 0 and E =
0 3 1 0 .
[2]
0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1
5. (a) For the vectors u = (1, −2, 0) and v = (4, −1, 5) determine u · v, proju (v) and u × v. [3]
(b) Determine the equation of the plane through the point P1 (1, 2, −1) and with the vector
w 1 = (−1, 3, 2) as normal. [1]
Determine the type of conic, and, where applicable, the coordinates of the center, focus
(foci), vertex (vertices) and asymptotes for this conic. Hence sketch the conic. [6]
(b) Determine the equation in standard form of the conic depicted below, where ‘V1’, ‘V2’,
‘V3’ and ‘V4’ denote the vertices. Determine its eccentricity. [2]
√
7. (a) Given the complex number α = −3 3 + 3 i :
(i) write α in modulus-argument form and in exponential form, using the Principal Value
for the argument;
(i) |z + 3 i| < 3.
(ii) Re(z) ≥ 1.
(b) Use Cramer’s rule to determine the solutions of the system of linear equations
(
2x + 3y = −1,
[2]
−x + 2y = 0.
(c) Find the cofactor matrix, C(G), the adjoint matrix, adj(G), and hence the inverse matrix
G−1 , when
2 2 0
G=
0 2 −1 .
[3]
0 1 0
9. (a) A student produced a definition of a real vector space which is given below. This definition
contains a number of errors and misconceptions. List all you can find and explain clearly
why they are errors or misconceptions.
∀ a ∈ V, ∀ λ ∈ R : λ · a ∈ R,
∀ a, b ∈ V, ∀ λ ∈ R : λ · (a + b) = (λ · a) + (λ · b),
∀ a ∈ V, ∀ λ , µ ∈ R : (λ + µ) · a = (λ · a) + (µ · a),
∀ a, b ∈ V, ∀ λ ∈ R : λ · (a · b) = (λ · a) · b,
(vii) The identity of R − {0}, · is also the identity for scalar multiplication:
∀ a ∈ V : 1 · a = a.
∀ a ∈ V : 0 · a = 0.
[4]
(b) Determine whether the subset of the real vector space R3 given below is a subspace of
R3 . Justify your answer.
X = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 | y = 0}. [2]
(c) Determine the coordinates of the vector a = (−1, 4, −3, 2) with respect to the basis
{(1, 2, 0, 1), (1, 0, 1, 0)} of a subspace of R4 . [1]
(d) For the matrix H given below, determine the row space and write it as
row(H) = {(x, y) ∈ R2 | . . .}.
1 −1
H= 0
.
1 [2]
3 5
(e) Given the matrix J,
1 0 0 1 2 −1
J = 0 1 0 1 1 −2
,
0 0 2 2 2 −4
determine the dimension of col(J). Hence, find a basis for col(J). [2]
SECTION B
10. (a) Prove by mathematical induction that 23n − 1 is divisible by 7 for all n ∈ N. [5]
(c) Determine the intersection between the plane Π1 : x − y − 3z = −2 and the line L1
through the point P(1, 4, 3) and parallel to the vector q = (1, −1, −1). [2]
(d) Specify the relative position of the line L2 with each of the lines L3 and L4 , i.e. do they
intersect, are they parallel, do they lie in parallel planes but are not parallel themselves
(skew) or are they identical? Explain your answer and find any points of intersection.
x 1 2 x 1 0
=
L2 : y 1 + λ −1 L3 : y = 1 + ν 1
z −1 −1 z −1 2
x 2 4
y = −1 +
L4 : δ −1
[4]
z −1 0
(e) Find the parametric equation of a line L5 which is different from, yet parallel to, the line L2
given in part (d) above. [2]
(b) Write the vector c = (4, −2, 2) as the sum of two vectors, d and e, such that
(c) Determine the equation of a plane Π2 which is parallel to the plane Π3 with equation
√
x + 3z = 2 such that the distance between the two planes is 1. [2]
becomes
h √ i
3 cos (α) + sin (α) − 2 3 cos(α) sin(α) x̃2
2 2
h √ i
+ 3 sin2 (α) + cos2 (α) + 2 3 cos(α) sin(α) ỹ2
h √ i
2 3 cos2 (α) − sin2 α + 4 cos(α) sin(α) x̃ỹ
−
h √ √ i
− 8 2 + 3 cos(α) + −1 + 2 3 sin(α) x̃
h √ √ i
+ 8 1 − 2 3 cos(α) + 2 + 3 sin(α) ỹ − 16 = 0,
Show that, with an appropriate choice of α ∈ (− π2 , 0), the quadratic equation can be
written in the x̃, ỹ-coordinate system as
Determine the type of the conic defined by the equation above. Hence, determine, with
respect to the x̃, ỹ-coordinate system and where applicable, the coordinates of the center,
focus (foci), vertex (vertices), directrix (directrices) and asymptotes. Hence determine the
coordinates of the focus (foci) and the equation of the focal axis in the x, y-coordinate
system. [6]
π
β = 4 e 4 i.
(b) Let
1 0 0
M=
2 0 2 .
1 2 3
(c) For the subset Y of R5 given below, find a spanning set and a basis, and hence determine
its dimension.
(d) Let V and W be two (not necessarily distinct) real vector spaces and let T : V → W be a
linear transformation. Define the kernel of T , ker(T ), and prove that it is a subspace of V . [3]
(e) S is a map from the real vector space of second order polynomials with real coefficients
to the real vector space of linear polynomials with real coefficients, defined as
S ax2 + bx + c = 2ax + b.
Find all other roots of the above polynomial equation. Hence factorise the polynomial
using real factors only. [5]
For any matrix A = [ai j ] ∈ Mnn , with n ≥ 2, if the matrix R is obtained from A
by adding λ times column j of A to column i of A, where λ ∈ R, then
det(R) = det(A).
[5]
(i) Find the matrix A that represents T relative to the standard ordered basis
B = {(1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1)} of the domain of T , R3 , and the ordered basis
B0 = {(1, 0), (1, 1)} of the codomain of T , i.e. R2 .
(ii) Determine the rank of T .
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