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FORM TP 2018153
CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
% TEST CODE O2IO7O2O
MAY/JUNE 20I8

CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATIONO

BIOLOGY

UNITI-Paper02
2 hours 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

I This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections. AnswerALL

questions.

2. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

3 Do NOT write in the margins.

4. You may use a silent, non-programmable calculator to answer questions.

5 You are advised to take some time to read through the paper and plan your
answers.

6. If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so
on the original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the
back of this booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original
answer.

7 If you use the extra page(s), you MUST write the question number
clearly in the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where
relevant, include the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright @ 2017 Caribbean Examinations Council

All rights reserved.

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 r SECTION A
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AnswerALL questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

l. (a) In the space below, draw AND label the chemical structure of a typical phospholipid
molecule, clearly indicating its THREE major components. Label the hydrophilic and
hydrophobic parts of the molecule.

[4 marksl

(b) Describe how phospholipids are oriented to form the lipid bilayer of cellular membranes.

[3 marks]

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0210702004 I
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 r (c) State the name
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of the lipid responsible for maintaining the fluidity of cellular

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membranes.

I markl

(d) Describe how intrinsic proteins allow the movement of substances across cellular
membranes.

[4 marksl

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 r (e) Figure I shows the molecular structure of a cellular lipid
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Figure l. Molecular structure of a cellular lipid

(i) Identifr the class of lipids to which the biomolecule in Figure 1 belongs.

[1 markl

(ii) Explain how TWO features of the biomolecule in Figure I are related to its function
in animal tissues.

[2 marksl

Total 15 marks

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2. (a)
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Seed type in pea plants is determined by a single gene with round seed, R, dominant to
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wrinkled seed, r. Three pairs of homologous chromosomes are depicted in Figure 2, with
the gene locus for seed type indicated by X.

ABC

II II
II II
I I I
I I
I x

Figure 2. Diagram depicting three pairs of homologous chromosomes

(i) ln Figure 2, insert the appropriate alleles which correspond to the phenotypes of
A, B and C given the following characteristics:

A - homozygous round-seeded variety

B - homozygous wrinkle-seeded variety
C - heterozygous variety.
[3 marksl

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0210702007 J
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 r (ii)
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Draw a Punnett square in the following box to illustrate a test cross involving a
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type. State the ratio of the phenotypes
pea variety which is heterozygous for seed
for the offspring.

Ratio of phenotJpes:

[3 marksl
(iii) Distinguish between 'a gene'and 'an allele'

[2 marksl

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0210702008
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A micrograph of pressed onion root meristem cells is reproduced in Figure 3, with a scale
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bar of l0 pm given in the lower left corner.
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E
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Figure 3. Micrograph of pressed onion root meristem cells

Source: Doc. RNDn Josef Reischig, CSc. (Authorb archive) ICC BY-SA 3.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.01J, via Wikimedia Commons

(i) Make a scaled drawing of the cells labelled D, E and F in Figure 3. Show the
magnification of the drawing.

Magnification

[4 marksl

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021 0702009

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tdentify the cell cycle stages displayed in cells D, E and F in Figure 3

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D

F
[3 marksl

Total 15 marks

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3. (a) Dental amalgam fillings are composed of approximately 50% metallic mercury. Mercury
is a toxin and has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders in babies. Table I shows
the relationship between mercury fillings and the concentration of mercury in the blood.

TABLE 1: NUMBER OF MAIERNAL AMALGAM FILLINGS AI\D

CONCENTRATION OF MERCURY IN MATERNALAND FOETAL BLOOD

Mercu ry Concentration (ug/L)

Number of Maternal
Maternal Blood Foetal Blood
Amalgam Fillings

2 9 r5

4 20 26

9 63 76

(i) On the grid provided below, draw a bar chart to compare the concentration of
mercury in matemaland foetal blood with the numberof matemalamalgam fillings.
[3 marksl

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(ii) State TWO conclusions based on the comparisons shown on the graph

[2 marksl

(iii) Explain whether the movement of mercury from mother to foetus is an active or
a passive process.

[3 marksl

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Figure 4 is a cross-section of a mature pollen grain. Write the correct labels forA,
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B, C
and D.
[2 marksl

Figure 4. Mature pollen grain from Lilium

Source: gopher://wiscinfo.wisc.edu:2070/19/.image/.bot/.130/Angiosperm/Lilium/
Adroe c ium/Anther 1to I le n _te trads

(c) (i) Describe the events following pollination which lead to double fertilization.

[3 marksl

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 r (c) (ii)
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State the significance of double fertilization to the human diet.

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[2 marksl

Total 15 marks

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SECTION B

AnswerALL questions.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

4. (a) With reference to the structure of enzymes, distinguish between 'competitive inhibition'
and 'non-competitive inhibition' with respect to enzyme activity.

[7 marksl

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(b) Discuss the role of FOUR tissues found in the roots of a plant that support the major
functions of the root.

[8 marksl

Total 15 marks
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s. (a)
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With the aid of a diagram, explain how the information stored in a gene is used to synthesize
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RNA.

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[10 marksl

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0210702018
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Using an example, briefly explain how proteins are responsible for the phenotype of
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organisms.

[5 marksl

Total 15 marksl

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6. (a)
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Outline the steps involved in plant tissue culture AND explain the key scientific principle
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underlying this technique.

[7 marksl
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(b) Complete Table 2 by comparing the structure and function of the following FOUR features
in a human sperrn cell with those of a secondary oocyte.

TABLE 2: COMPARISON OF HUMAN SPERM CELLAI\D SECONDARY

OOCYTE

Structure and Function Structure and Function of

Feature
of Human Sperm Cell Human Secondary Oocyte
Overall structure and size

Nucleus

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Mitochondria

[8 marksl

Total 15 marks

END OF'TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.

The Council has made every effort to troce copyright holders. However, tf any have been inadvertently
overlooked, or any material has been incorrectly acknowledged, CXC will be pleased to correct this at
the earliest opportunity.

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