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In past travelling was in the reach of prosperous people. The poor could think
of basic needs only. If they had, they used to think the expense as disposable
income only. But in modern time number of changes have been made. These
changes are the result of industrial development & urbanisation. Urbanisation
led to pollution & overcrowding in our cities.

Industrialisation brought some advantages like more employment,

increased leisure & paid holidays to the workers. The development of NTA
initially led to encouragement of inbound tourism in their country.

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1. Recreation & Leisure

2. Sports & Adventure

3. Cultural tourism

4. Health tourism

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1.A large number of people are travelling within their own country or abroad
to attend conferences or conventions attending meetings related to their trades.

e.g If a Doctor from USA or Japan comes to India to attend a medical

conferences then he gets deduction on the tax. But in India the government
doesn¶t provide it.

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This concept was introduced to motivate workers for doing a better

performance. The business corporations offer their good workers, sales
executive, retailers or wholesalers with reward of free holidays.

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1. Every government in the world irrespective of its size has a NTA. It is

called Department of tourism in India.
2. To develop tourism, an NTA sets up tourist offices overseas to pull foreign
tourist to their shores.

3. Now in India the central DOT has 11 tourist offices in foreign countries &
21 within India.

4. Tourism is the state subject& the central cannot enforce its decision.

5. The national committee on tourism (NCT) in 1988 suggested that tourism

should be brought similar list of contribution of India.

6. At all India level there is public sector ITDC.

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1. It is an apex body- representing interest of NTA¶s at world level.

2. It began as the international Union of official Travel organisation (IUOTO)

in the first half of 20th century & than in 1975 it was named as WTO.

3. It has a membership of 137 countries & territories

4. WTO is based in Madrid, Spain.

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1. It was established in Hawali, in 1951

2. Head Quarters are in Bangkok with zonal offices in USA, Australia,

Singapore & Europe.

3. The most important elements are the tourist attractions of a country being
scenic beauty, historical monuments, rivers, lakes etc. These comprise of
tourism properties. When these are packaged , then they are called tourism
product.

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There are the wholesalers and retailers among travel agents. The wholesalers
develop package tours for different places and sell them either directly to
travellers, or through retail travel agents. The tour operator who receive
tourists and handle arrangements in that country are called ³inbound Tour
operator´. They service the inbound travellers from foreign countries. Those
who promote tours to foreign destination are called Outbound Tour operator´.
The tour operator who provide these services provide only within their own
country are called Domestic Tour operator´.

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Retailers get 10% commissions from wholesalers for every tour package sold.
They allow 10% commissions to travel agents selling Indian rail passes to
foreign against foreign currency. They also offer the same commissions on
sale of palace on wheels tickets. In India we follow the IATA norms-7%
commissions on international tickets.

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An IATA appointed travel agency is reliable, because such a company has

been approved by this international organisation, after standard proper
scrutiny of their professional competence and financial reliability. Such
agency have to provide financial guarantees to the airlines against default. The
agency which are not approved by IATA are not trustworthy and they usually
by tickets from registered IATA agents or GSA and so their gains are very
small to provide good service.


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Most IATA approved travel agents in India, are also members of a national
organisation called Travel agents association of India (TAAI). It was
established in 1950 by a group of eight travel agents led by late Nari. J.
Katgara.

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TAAI and TAFI try to work together to protect the interest of travel agents
and tour operator.

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It is Delhi-based IATO representing organisation of tour operators handling

inbound tourism.

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To start a new travel agency, the first important step is to select a proper
location. A travel agency office must be well-designed, neat & attractive.
Outdoor signs & window displays are necessary features of a good travel
agency.Telax, fax and photocopy machines have become necessary part of
office equipment. A new agency is not immediately approved by IATA. It has
to function successfully for 1 year giving business to airlines.

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Travel agency play a important role in developing international tourism. In

India, only 25% of incoming business is handled by set up of travel agency-
mostly groups. The NCT said : Considering that the travel trade industry is an
important limk in the total tourism chain, we recommend that the industry
should be expanded suitable bonus to help improve its performance.


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In the USA membership of IATA is no longer essential to charge commission

from IATA or other scheduled carriers. America has set up its own Air
transport Association (ATA) which work close to IATA. In India selling is
done directly by the airlines or through their general sales agents (GSAs).
GSAs are appointed by an airline at a place where there are no IATA agents.
A GSA sells tickets of only one airline which represents and operates his
office as the airlines own office, making him to a higher commissions.

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One is the emergence of  
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which buy airlines and cruise tickets in bulk at special rates from the
principals & give for offer these at discounts rate to travel agents. The other is
 
6 A consortium is composed of affiliated travel
agency whose objectives is to enhance the volume sales profits of
independently-owned travel agencies.

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The liberalisation of economy has resulted in greater scale to the international

business community and increased travel among the middle classes, who
could afford travelling.

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PATA report estimated that out of the four million outbound travellers, 35%
were leisure travellers which includes fall in the category of visiting friends
and relatives.(VFR). Other popular destinations are nearer home- Singapore,
Thailand, UAE, Nepal and hongkong in that order.


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largest travel agency of India. It has won the government of India¶s National
Tourism Award around fourteen Years.

+,1! ! &%0!1-(+,TCIs provides the different services such range from

international as domestic ticketing to travel, documentation & hotel
reservation . They are also special representatives of Eurail, Japan rail,
Amtrak, Greyhound & cosmos in India. It has achieved specialization through
its innovative endeavours. It was the first association for offering scuba-diving
facilities in India as its Andaman Beach Resort, achieving the position of an
repudiated leader in this field.

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Bonus travel tours are luxurious travel programmes offered by major

international companies as rewards to their best workers. TCI designs their
programme in India with great care & imagination.

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International conferences are also an area where TCI has done a good job.

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TCI has pioneered the development of tourist air charter to India. With the
liberalisation of the government of India¶s regulation on charter movement,
TCI is now handling tourist charters from Scandinavia Germany and UK.

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TCI was the first agency to discover the potential of both Andaman as well as
the Lakshadweep Islands. TCI built the Andaman Beach Resort, the first
deluxe resort in Port Blair in 1978, opening an area for international Tourism.
It was the first to introduce cruises in the Indian Ocean in 1974. Ladakh was
yet another which TCI promoted and brought on international Tourist Map.

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Consumer is the last tourist who purchases the package tour as offered by the
wholesaler through the retailer.There are two types of retailer 1. Captive
retailers who get contact with customers & sell only his tour programmes,
who belong to the wholesalers. 2. Independent retailers who will sell tour
programmes of various wholesalers.

Travel agents also advise on luggage insurance, the best season for travel,
clothing required, local foreign exchange rules and help in prepaing travel
documents like Visas, Health, Passport, etc.