BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Frequently Asked Questions (Updated as on 03.07.19)

Degree/ Branch : B.Tech / IT Year / Semester : 2nd Year / 3rd Sem
Sub.Name : Analog and Digital Communication Sub.Code : EC8394
________________________________________________________________________________________
UNIT – 1
PART - A
1. Define Modulation?
2. What is the need for modulation? ( Dec 07,14, May 13 , April 19)
3. What is meant by amplitude modulation?(May 17)
4. What are the types of amplitude modulation?
5. Write the expression for AM wave?
6. What is meant by sideband frequency?
7. Define modulation index and percentage modulation? (May 14,Nov 18)
8. What are the three possible cases of modulation index?
9. A carrier of 10 MHz frequency and peak value of 10V is amplitude modulated by a 5KHz sine
wave of 6V amplitude. Find the modulation index? (April 18)
10. Give the expression for the total transmitted power in AM wave?
11. Draw the spectrum of AM signal? ( May 15)
12. What is meant by angle modulation? (May 14)
13. What is Frequency modulation?
14. Plot the FM waveform for the given message signal using sinewave carrier? (April 19)

15. Define modulation index of FM?

16. Draw the frequency spectrum of FM wave? ( May 13)
17. State Carson’s Rule? ( Dec 11 , May 11)
18. Define Phase Modulation?
19. What are the degrees of modulation?
20. Draw the frequency spectrum of AM?
21. What is bandwidth of the AM wave?
22. Define instantaneous phase and frequency deviation?
23. Compare AM & FM? ( Dec 11,12 ,18, May 16)
24. Differentiate frequency and phase modulation? (Dec 12 , 16 )
25. Define Noise and mention its types?
26. Define carrier signal?
Part – B
1. Explain the principle of amplitude modulation, voltage & power distribution? (Dec 09,12,16,18
May11,15,16.)
2. Define AM. Derive the expression for AM? (Dec 11,12)
3. Draw and explain the frequency spectrum and bandwidth of AM wave?
4. Derive the power distribution of AM wave? (Dec 10,May 11)
5. Define FM. Derive the equation of FM Wave?
6. With a neat sketch, explain the frequency spectrum of FM signal? (May 15)
7. Explain the principle of angle modulation? Derive and explain phase deviation, modulation index,
freq. deviation & percent modulation?
8. Describe the bandwidth requirement of angle modulated wave? (May 11, Dec 10 ,11)
9. What is SSB-SC? With a neat block diagram explain the different methods of generation of SSB-
SC (May 08 , 17)
10. Explain the frequency discrimination method of generating SSB Modulated wave and a method
to demodulate it? (April 17)
 BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Frequently Asked Questions (Updated as on 03.07.19)
Degree/ Branch : B.Tech / IT Year / Semester : 2nd Year / 3rd Sem
Sub.Name : Analog and Digital Communication Sub.Code : EC8394
________________________________________________________________________________________
11. Explain the Phasing method of generation of SSB-SC signal? (April 18,2019)
12. Derive the expression for instantaneous voltage of AM? (May 11,16,17)
13. Explain the operation of Super Hetero Dyne Receiver (Nov 18)
14. Explain the Armstrong indirect method of FM generation? (Apr 17,Nov 17,18)
15. Compare AM & FM?(Dec 11 , 12, May 11)
16. Compare FM & PM? (Dec 11 , 12,14 May 11,15)
17. One input to a conventional AM Modulator is 500-KHz carrier with an amplitude of 20Vp.The
second input is a 10-KHz modulating signal that is of sufficient amplitude to cause a change in the
output wave of ±7.5Vp.Determine
(a) Upper and Lower side frequencies
(b) Modulation coefficient and percent modulation
(c) Peak amplitude of modulated carrier, upper and lower side frequency voltages.
(d) Maximum and minimum amplitudes of the envelope
(e) Expression for the modulated wave
(f) Draw the output spectrum
(g) Sketch the output envelope. (April 19)

UNIT-2
Part-A
1. Define sampling?
2. What are the types of sampling?
3. What is PCM?
4. Define PWM?
5. What is PAM? (April 18)
6. Define PTM (April 18)
7. What is meant by digital transmission? Give any two advantages of it?
8. Define the term aliasing or fold over distortion?
9. What are the different types of transmission mode?
10. List out the standard organizations for data communication? (April 19)
11. What are the different types of data communication code?
12. What is baudot code?
13. What is error control?
14. What is error detection?
15. What are the two primary methods of error correction? (May 13,Dec 14)
16. Write the types of error detection techniques?
17. What is meant by redundancy?
18. What is Bar-code?
19. Mention how PPM is derived from PWM?
20. Draw PWM & PPM waveforms? (Dec 09)
21. Name the standard organizations for data communications(May 16,Dec 14,16,17)
22. Define Pulse Time Modulation? (May 16 , Dec 16)
23. Summarize the important advantages of PCM? (May 17)

Part-B
1. Discuss about the generation of PAM and its demodulation? (May 15 , April 19)
 BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Frequently Asked Questions (Updated as on 03.07.19)
Degree/ Branch : B.Tech / IT Year / Semester : 2nd Year / 3rd Sem
Sub.Name : Analog and Digital Communication Sub.Code : EC8394
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is PWM? Explain anyone method of generating PWM? (Dec 12)
3. Describe the generation and demodulation of PPM Signals with necessary waveforms ( Nov 17)
4. Explain in detail about the operation of PCM transmitter and receiver? (May 07,08,13,17,18 Dec ,
08,12,13,16,17,18)
5. Explain the generation of PCM signal with a block diagram (Nov 17)
6. Briefly write on standard organizations for data communications (April 18)
7. Discuss briefly about the different types of data communication codes? (May 16, Dec 16,Apri19)
8. Describe the following data communication codes : Baudot, ASCII and EBCDIC ( Nov 17)
9. With a neat block diagram explain data communication hardware? (May 13)(Or) Explain the
working of two station data communication circuit with a block diagram? (Dec 14,16,17 April 18)
10. Write short notes on :
(i) Data Communication Hardware
(ii) Serial and Parallel Interface ( Nov 17)
11. Discuss in detail about series and parallel interface? (May 15)
12. Explain in detail the RS-232 Interface? (Nov 18)
13. Describe the mathematical , electrical and functional characteristics of RS-232 Interface (Dec 10)
14. Explain in detail , the characteristics of IEEE 488 Bus (Dec 10)
UNIT-3
Part – A

1. What is shanon’s limit for information capacity?(May 14 , Dec 09)

2. What are the advantage of Digital Communication?
3. What is digital amplitude modulation?
4. What is frequency shift keying?
5. Compare ASK & FSK?
6. Draw ASK signal for the given message sequence 101101. (May 16)
7. Define bandwidth efficiency? (May 16,17 Nov 18)
8. Define FSK bitrate and baud?(Dec 09)
9. Draw the FSK signal for the binary message 1011001 ( Nov 17)
10. Draw the FSK and PSK waveforms of the bit stream 101(Nov 18)
11. Draw the BPSK signal for the binary message 101010 (April 19)
12. Draw the waveforms of the FSK and PSK modulation?
13. Why binary ASK signal is called as On-Off Keying?
14. Define signal to noise ratio?
15. What is QAM?(April 19)
16. What is meant by 8-QAM & 16-QAM?
17. Define QPSK?
18. What is meant by mark and space frequency?
19. Draw the phasor and constellation diagram and QPSK? (May 14, Dec 09)
20. Given the input binary sequence 1100 1000 10, sketch the waveforms of the in-phase and
quadrature components of a modulated wave obtained by using QPSK (May 17)

21. Draw the phasor diagram of 8-PSK?

 BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Frequently Asked Questions (Updated as on 03.07.19)
Degree/ Branch : B.Tech / IT Year / Semester : 2nd Year / 3rd Sem
Sub.Name : Analog and Digital Communication Sub.Code : EC8394
________________________________________________________________________________________
22. Draw the phasor and constellation diagram and 8-QAM?
23. What is M-ary encoding?
24. Define minimum shift keying? (Dec 16)
25. Show the sequences and waveforms involved in the generation of an MSK signal for the binary
Sequence 1101 000 (May 17).
22.Sketch the QPSK signal for the binary sequence 1100 1100 (May 15)
23. Draw the signal constellation diagrams of 16-QAM and 16-PSK

Part-B
1. Explain how ASK signal is generated? Give bandwidth and baud for ASK?
2. What is frequency shift keying? Explain various detection techniques available for FSK? (May
08,13)
3. With a neat block diagram explain the working of a coherent binary FSK transmitter and receiver?
( Nov 17)
4. Find : ( i) Peak frequency deviation (ii) minimum bandwidth (iii) Baud for the binary FSK signal
with a mark frequency of 49KHz and space frequency of 51 KHz and an input bit rate of 2Kbps
(April 18)
5. Briefly explain the BPSK transmitter and receiver? (May 11,12,13)
6. Describe briefly about the operation of QPSK transmitter and receiver? (May 09,11,13,15,17,19
Dec 09,10,12,14,18)
7. Narrate in detail about 8-QAM & 16-QAM? (May 10,11,15,16,18)
8. Draw the block digram of 8-QAM transmitter and explain its working?
9. With a neat diagram, explain balanced ring modulator?
10. Discuss in detail about 8-PSK and 16-PSk?
11. Draw the ASK,FSK,BPSK and QPSK waveforms for the bit stream 1011 0001 ( April 18)
12. Compare ASK, FSK&PSK? ( April 18,19)
UNIT – 4
Part – A
1. Define Entropy? (Dec 14 , May 16, 17)
2. Calculate Entropy when Pk=0 and when Pk=1?
3. Write the expression for entropy?(May 19)
4. State the properties of Entropy? ( May 13)
5. Find the entropy of the source alphabet {S0 , S1 , S2 } with respective probabilities {1/4 , 1/4 ,1/2} (Dec
16 , May 17)
6. Calculate entropy of the four possible messages {Q 1, Q2, Q3, Q4} which is transmitted with
probabilities { 1/8,3/8 ,3/8,1/8} ( Nov 17)
7. Find the entropy of the source X= {x1 , x2} with message probabilities {1/2,1/2} ( April 18)
8. An event has six possible outcomes with probabilities 1/2,1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32,1/32. Find the entropy of
the system? ( May 15)
9. Find the huffman code for the discrete memory less source with probability statistics
{0.1,0.1,0.2,0.2,0.4}
10. Write the statement of source coding theorem?
 BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Frequently Asked Questions (Updated as on 03.07.19)
Degree/ Branch : B.Tech / IT Year / Semester : 2nd Year / 3rd Sem
Sub.Name : Analog and Digital Communication Sub.Code : EC8394
________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Define mutual information? (May 11,15,17, Dec 10)

12. Write the statement of channel coding theorem?
13. Define (i) Hamming Distance (ii) Minimum Distance (Nov 18)
14. Find the hamming distance between 1010 and 0000. Find the hamming weight of 1010 (Nov 18)
15. What is code rate?
16. Define weight of the code?
17. What is a linear block code? (Dec 14)
18. Define syndrome?
19. Write the relationship between syndrome vector and error vector?
20. What is cyclic code? (Or) When a binary code is said to be cyclic code? (Dec 16)
21. What is constraint length?
22. Explain channel capacity theorem (Dec 10) (Or) State Shanon’s Capacity Theorem in
communication system (May 11) (Or) State Shanon’s Capacity Theorem for power and band
limited channel (Dec 11) ( Or ) Define Channel Capacity ( April 18)
23. Define channel capacity of discrete memory less channel? (May 13)
24. State channel coding theorem ( April 18)
Part – B
1. Derive the expression for Entropy?
2. Write the properties of Entropy?
3. Write notes on source coding theorem? (May 10)
4. Consider the five source symbols of a discrete memory less source and their probabilities as
shown below. Follow Huffman’s Algorithm to find code words for each message. Also find the
average code word length and average information per message.
Message m1 m2 m3 m4 m5
Probability 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

5. A discrete memory less source has an alphabet of seven symbols with probabilities for its
output as discussed below.
Symbol S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
Probability 0.25 0.25 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.0625 0.0625
Compute Huffman code for this source, moving the combined symbols as high as possible.
Explain why the computed source has efficiency of 100 %.
6. Find out the Huffman code for discrete memory less source with probability statistics
{0.1,0.1,0.2,0.2,0.4} )(Dec 14)
7. Encode the following source using Shanon-Fano Technique. Find the coding efficiency
P[X] = [0.48 , 0.15 , 0.10 , 0.10 , 0.07 , 0.05 , 0.03 , 0.02] ( April 18)
8. A discrete memory less source has five symbols x1,x2,x3,x4, and x5 with probabilities
0.4,0.19,0.16,0.15 and 0.15 respectively attached to every symbol.(i) Construct a Shanon Fano
Code for the source and calculate the code efficiency η (ii) Repeat step (i) for the Huffman Code
and compare the two techniques of source coding. (Dec 12)
9. Five source messages are probable to appear as m1 = 0.4, m2 = 0.15 , m3 = 0.15, m4 = 0.15 and m5 =
0.15. Find the coding efficiency for (i) Shanon Fano Coding (ii) Huffman Coding (Dec 16 , 17)
 BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Frequently Asked Questions (Updated as on 03.07.19)
Degree/ Branch : B.Tech / IT Year / Semester : 2nd Year / 3rd Sem
Sub.Name : Analog and Digital Communication Sub.Code : EC8394
________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Compare the Huffman Coding and Shanon-Fano coding algorithms for data compression. For a
discrete memory less source ‘X‘ with six symbols x1,x2,….x6. Find a compact code for every
symbol if the probability distribution is as follows:
P(x1) = 0.3 P(x2) = 0.25 P(x3) = 0.2 P(x4) = 0.12 P(x5) = 0.08 P(x6) = 0.05.Calculate entropy of the
source, average length of the code, efficiency of the code. (May 11)
11. Prove that the mutual information of the channel is symmetric?
12. Derive the expression for mutual information and channel capacity ( Nov 17)
13. State the relationship between mutual information and channel capacity and derive the
expression for mutual information.(April 19)
14. Write the properties of mutual information? (May 11, Dec 11)
15. Discuss in detail about Linear Block Codes? (Dec 14)
16. Derive the matrix representation of Linear Block Codes?
17. Write notes on Cyclic Codes?
UNIT – 5
Part – A
1. Name the services offered by GSM?
2. Write about telephone service of GSM?
3. What are the sub-system available in GSM?
4. What are all the essential components of GSM? (May 17)
5. List the names of the channel in IS-95 supported by forward link?
6. Why hexagon shape was selected for cell? (Dec 14)
7. Differentiate macro and micro cells?
8. Define cell and cluster?
9. Based on locations of base stations, how cells are classified?
10. What is frequency re-use? (May 15,16,19)
11. Write the expression for total no. of cells in a cluster?
12. What is multiple access technique?
13. Mention the types on multiple access technique? (Dec 16)
14. What is FDMA? ( April 18)
15. What is TDMA?
16. What is CDMA?
17. Differentiate GSM over CDMA ( Nov 17)
18. What is satellite?
19. List the types of satellite orbit?
20. What is passive satellite?
21. Write the statement of Kepler’s First and Second Law? (Dec 09,11,May 11)
22. List out the orbital patterns of Satellite?
23. What is angle of inclination?
24. What is ascending and descending node?
25. What is perigee and apogee? (May 10 , Dec 11)
26. What is prograde and retrograde?
 BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Frequently Asked Questions (Updated as on 03.07.19)
Degree/ Branch : B.Tech / IT Year / Semester : 2nd Year / 3rd Sem
Sub.Name : Analog and Digital Communication Sub.Code : EC8394
________________________________________________________________________________________

27. What is hand-off? Mention the steps involved in Handoff process? (Dec 14,16,18)
28. What is meant by footprint (Dec 12)
29. What is transponder (Dec 10)
30. Draw the block diagram of CDMA transmitter and receiver (May 17)

31. What is blue tooth technology? Mention its applications ( Nov 17,April 19)
32. Find the no. of cells in a cluster and locate the first-tier –co channel cells for the following values
j=2 and i=3 ( April 18)
Part-B
1. With a neat block diagram, explain the architecture of GSM? (May 15,16,17,Dec 16,17,18)
2. Explain briefly on Code Division Multiple Access? (Nov 18)
3. Briefly explain the concept of frequency reuse and channel assignment in CDMA? (Dec 14)
4. Describe the concept of frequency reuse, channel assignment and hand-off in a cellular system?
(Nov 17 , April 18 , 19)
5. Explain the principle of working of satellite communication with a block diagram(Apr 18)
6. Explain Kepler’s Laws and fundamentals of satellite communication system?
7. Discuss in detail on Link Model of satellite communication? (May 11,15,Dec
11,12,14,16,19)
8. What is meant by Multiple Access Techniques? Explain its types. (May 16,Nov 18)
9. Briefly discuss about the different multiple access schemes ( Nov 17 , April 18)
10. Briefly Explain about the Bluetooth Technology? (Dec 16,May 17,18)
11. Explain the principle of locating co-channel cells in a cellular network ( Nov 18)
 BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Frequently Asked Questions (Updated as on 03.07.19)
Degree/ Branch : B.Tech / IT Year / Semester : 2nd Year / 3rd Sem
Sub.Name : Analog and Digital Communication Sub.Code : EC8394
________________________________________________________________________________________