3 Binomial Theorem

Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, properties of binomial coefficients.

A Binomial expression
Any algebraic expression consisting of only two terms is known as a binomial expression. It’s
expansion in power of x is known as the binomial expansion.
2 1
For example : (i) a + x (ii) a  (iii) 4x - 6y
x2

Binomial Theorem :
Such formula by which any power of a binomial expression can be expanded in the form of a
series is known as binomial theorem. When n is a positive integer, then
a  x n  nC0an  nC1an 1x  nC2an  2 x 2  ....  nCr an  r x r  ....  nCn x n
where n C0 , nC1, nC2 ....n Cn are called Binomial co-efficients.

7
 1
Illustration 1: Expand  x   .
 x

7
 1 7 7 7 6 1 7 5 1 7 4 1 7 3 1 7 2 1 7 1 7 1
Solution :  x    C0 x  C1x  C 2 x 2  C3 x 3  C 4 x 4  C5 x 5  C 6 x 6  C7 7
 x  x x x x x x x

35 21 7 1
 x 7  7 x 5  21x 3  35 x     .
x x3 x5 x 7

Properties of the Binomial Expansion

There are (n+1) terms in the expansion of (a+b) n, the first and the last term being a n and b n
respectively. If n C x  nC y , then either x = y or x+y = n.

n n n!
 Cr  Cn r  . The general term (which is (r+1)th term) is = nCr  an  r br .
r! n  r  !

15
24  2 3a 
Illustration2: Find the co-efficient of x  x  x  .
 
15 r
3a   3a 
Solution : The general term ((r+1)th term) of  x 2  
 x 


15
 
Cr x
2 15  r
 
 x 

3r ar
 15Cr x 302r  15
Cr 3r ar x 303r If this term contains x 24 , then 0 - 3r = 24
xr
 3r  6  r  2 . Therefore, the co-efficient of x 24  15 C2 9a 2 .

Illustration3: If the binomial co-efficients of the (2r+4)th term and the (r - 2)th term in the expansion
of (1 + x)18 are equal, find the value r.
Solution : Th e co -ef f ic ient of 2r  4 th term in 1  x 
18

18
C2r  3 a nd the co- eff icie nt of
4 Binomial Theorem

r  2th term  18Cr 3, so that 18C2r 3 18 Cr 3  2r  3  r  3  18  3r  18  r  6 .

n
 1
Illustration:4 If the 4th term in the expansion  px   is independent of x, find the value of n.
x  
th
Also calculate p if the 4 term is 5/2.
n 3
n 3  1 n 3 6 n
Solution : Here T4  T3 1  C3 px     C3 p x . T4 is independent of x  6  n  0 or n  6 .
x

6 5
3 3 5 5 1 1 1
Now given T4  2  C3 . p  2  p  2 . 6  p .
C3 8 2

Middle term
(i) When n is even
th
n 
Middle term of the expansion is the   1 term i.e. n Cn / 2 a a / 2 bn / 2 in the expansion of a  b n .
2 
(ii) When n is odd
th th
 n  1 n3
Middle terms of the expansion are the   term and the   term.
 2   2 
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
n n n
These are given by, C n 1 a 2 b 2 and C n 1 a 2 b 2 in the expansion of a  b  .
2 2

e.g. middle term in the expansion of 1  x 4 and 1  x 5 .

th
4 
Expansion of 1 x 4 have 5 terms, so third term is the middle term which is the   1 term.
2 

Expansion of 1 x 5 have 6 terms, so 3rd and 4th both are the middle terms, which are the
th th
 5  1 53
 2  and the   terms.
   2 

Note :
The binomial co-efficients in the expansion of (a+x)n, equidistant from the beginning
and the end are equal.
rth term from the end = (n-r+2)th term from the beginning.
If there are two middle terms, then the binomial co-efficients of two middle terms will
be equal and those two co-efficients will be greatest.

Illustration 5:Find the middle term in the expression of 1  2 x  x 2 .   n

Solution :   
n
We have 1  2x  x 2  1  x 2  1  x 2n .  n

th
 2n 
Here 2n is an even integer    1 i.e. n  1 th term will be the middle term.
 2 
5 Binomial Theorem

2n 2n 2n  n
 x n  2nCn  x n  2n!  x n
Now (n+1)th term in 1  x   Cn 1 .
n! n!

Greatest Binomial Coefficient

To determine the greatest coefficient in the binomial expansion, (1+x)n, when n is a positive integer.

r 1 T r  C nr 1 n1
Coefficient of  T   C  r

r
1
 r  r 1

Now the r  1th binomial coefficient will be greater than the rth binomial coefficient when, Tr 1  Tr
n 1 n1
 1  1  r ...(1)
r 2
But r must be an integer, and therefore when n is even, the greatest binomial coefficient is given
n
by the greatest value of r, consistent with (1) i.e., r  and hence the greatest binomial coefficient
2
is n Cn / 2 .
Si mil arl y if n be odd , t he g rea tes t b ino mia l co eff ici ent is giv en whe n,
n 1 n 1
r or and the coefficient itself will be nC n 1 or nC n 1 .
2 2 2 2
To determine the numerically greatest term in the expansion of (a+x)n, when n is a positive integer.
n n r r n
Tr 1 Cr a x Cr x n  r 1 x n 1 x
Consider  n n  r 1 r  1
 n
 .  1 .
Tr C r 1 a x C r 1 a r a r a

n  1  x n1 a n 1
Thus Tr 1  Tr if   1  1. i.e. ,  1  r . ...(2)
 r a r x
1
a
x

n  1 
Note :  r  1 must be positive since n > r..
 
Thus Tr+1 will be the greatest term if, r has the greatest value as per the equation (2).

Illustration 6: Find the greatest term in the expansion of (2+3x) 9 if x = 3/2.

Solution : Here
Tr 1  n  r  1   3 x   10  r   3 x   3   10  r   3   3  10  r 9 90  9r
         ,  where x        .  .
Tr  r  2   r  2   2   r   2   2  r 4 4r

90
Therefore Tr 1  Tr if , 90  9r  4r  90  13r  r  and r being an integer, r = 6.
13

3 6 313.7
Hence Tr 1  T7  T61  9C6 2 3x   .
2

10
3
Illustration 7:Given that the 4 th term in the expansion of  2  x  has the maximum numerical
8  
value, find the range of values of x for which this will be true.
6 Binomial Theorem

10 10
Solution : Given 4th term in  2  3 x  10 
 2 1 
3 
x  , is numerically greatest
  8  16
  
10 10
T4 T C3 3 C4 3
  1 and 5  1  10
. x  1 and 10
. x 1
T3 T4 C2 16 C3 16

64  64   64 
 x  2 and x   x   ,  2  2, .
21  21   21 

Particular Cases
We have a  x n  a n  n C1 an 1x  n C 2 a n 2 x 2  ....  n Cr an r xr  ....  x n .... ...(1)
(i) Putting x = -x in (1), we get
a  x n  an  nC1 an 1x  nC 2 an  2 x 2  nC3 an  3 x 3  .... 1r n
Cr a
nr r n n
x  ....  . 1 x .
(ii) Putting a = 1 In (1), we get
1  x n  nC0  nC1x  nC2 x 2  ...  nCr x r  ...  nCn xn ... (A)
(iii) Putting a = 1, x = -x in (1), we get
1  x n  nC0  nC1x  nC 2 x 2  nC3 x 3  ... 1r nCr xr  ... 1n nCn xn ...(B)

Tips to Remember
Tr 1 n  r  1 x
(a)  . for the binomial expansion of a  x n .
Tr r a

(b) n 1 n n
Cr  Cr  Cr 1

(c) 
When n is even, x  an  x  an  2 xn  nC2 xn2 a2  nC4 xn4a4  ...  nCn an . 
When n is odd x  a n  x  a n  2x n  nC 2 xn  2 a 2  ...  nCn 1x an 1 

When n is even, x  a n  x  an  2 nC1x n 1a  nC3 x n  3 a 3  ...  nCn 1x an 1 . 

When n is odd x  an  x  a n  2 nC1x n 1a  nC3 x n  3 a3  ...  nCn an . 
Exercise - 1

10
th  2 1
(i) Find the 7 term of  3x   .
 3
(ii) Find the term independent of x in the expansion of
10
 x 25
 3   2 3 
(a)  3  2  (b)  2x  3 
 2x   x 
(iii) Find the middle term in the expansion of
6 7
 2x 3   2 1
(a)    (b)  2x  
 3 2x   x

(iv) Find the term which does not contain irrational expression in the exansion of  3  2
5 7
24
.

(v) Find the numerically greatest term in the expansion of 3  2x 9 when x = 1.

7 Binomial Theorem
Properties of Binomial Coefficients

n n n n
For the sake of convenience, the coefficients C0 , C1, .... Cr , ... Cn are usually denoted by
C0 , C1,...Cr ...Cn respectively..

Put x = 1 in (A) and get, 2n  C0  C1  ....  Cn

or C0  C1  ....  Cn  2n ...(D)
Also putting x = -1 in (A) we get, 0  C0  C1  C2  C 3  ....
 C0  C2  C4  ....  C1  C3  C5  ...

But from (D) C0  C 2  C 4  ....  C1  C3  C5  ...  2n .

Hence C0  C2  C 4  ....  C1  C3  C5  ...  2n 1 .

Some Important results

Differentiating 1  x n  C0  C1x  C2 x 2  ...  Cn x n , on both sides we have,
n 1 2 n 1
n1  x   C1  2C2 x  3C3 x  ...  nCn x ..(E)
Put x = 1 in (E) so that n2n 1  C1  2C2  3C3  ...  nCn .
Put x = -1 in (E) so that 0  C1  2C 2  ...   1n 1 nCn .
Integrating 1 x n , we have,

1  x n 1  C  C C1x
2
C x
3
C x
 2  ....  n
n 1
(where C is a constant)
0x 
n 1 2 3 n1
1
For x = 0, we get C  
n  1 .

Therefore
1  x n 1  1  C C1x
2
C x
3
C x
 2  ....  n .
n 1
...(F)
0x 
n1 2 3 n1
Put x = 1 in (F) and get
n 1
2 1 C C
 C0  1  ....  n .
n1 2 n1
1 C C
Put x = -1 in (F) and get,  C0  1  2  ....
n1 2 3
n 1 2 3 n 1
3 2 2 2
Put x = 2 in (F) and get,  2 C0  C1  C 2  ...  Cn .
n1 2 3 n1

Problems related to Series of Binomial coefficients in which each term is a product of an

integer and a binomial coefficient, i.e. in the form k. n Cr .

n
n r n 1
Illustration 8: If 1  x    Cr x then prove that C1  2C 2  3C3  ...  nCn  n2 .
r 0

S0lution : Method (i) : rth term of the given series

rth term of the given series, t r  r nCr
8 Binomial Theorem

n n 1  n n 1 
 tr  r   Cr 1  n  n 1Cr 1 n
 because Cr  . Cr 1 
r  r 
n n
n 1
Sum of the series   t r  n Cr 1
r 1 r 1

Put x = 1 in the expansion of 1  x n 1 , so that

n n
n 1
C0 
n 1
C1  ... 
n 1

Cn 1  2
n 1
  tr  n n 1
Cr 1  n.2
n 1
.
r 1 r 1

Method (ii) By calculus

We have 1  x n  C0  C1x  C2 x 2  ...  Cn x n . ...(1)
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. x, we get
n 1 2 n 1
n1  x   C1  2C2 x  3C3 x  .....  n Cn x ...(2)
Putting x = 1 in (2), we have
n 1 n
n2  C1  2C 2  ...  Cn .
n
Illustration 9: If 1  x n   Cr xr then prove that C0  2C1  3.C2  ....  n  1Cn  2n 1n  2 .
r 0

Solution : Method (i) : rth term of the given series

rth term of the given series t r  r. nCr 1  r  1  1. nCr 1 .

 n n 1 
 r  1 nCr 1  n Cr 1  n . n 1Cr  2  nCr 1  because nCr 1  . Cr  2  .
 r  1 
n 1 n 1 n 1
n 1 n
Sum of the series =  t r  n  Cr  2   Cr 1
r 1 r 1 r 1

  
 n n1C0 n1 C1  .... n1 Cn1  n C0  nC1  ... n Cn  n . 2n 1  2n  2n 1n  2  . 
Method (ii) by Calculus.
We have 1  x n  C0  C1x  C2 x 2  ...  Cn x n ...(1)
Multiplying (1) with x, we get
n 2 3 n 1
x 1  x   C0 x  C1x  C 2 x  ...  Cn x ...(2)
Differentiating (2) w.r.t. x, we have
1  x n  n1  x n1 x  C0  2C1x  3C2 x 2  ...  n  1Cn x n ...(3)
Putting x = 1 in (3), we get
n n 1 n 1
2  n.2  C0  2C1  3C2  ...  n  1Cn  C0  2C1  3C 2  ...  n  1Cn  2 n  2 .

Problems related to sereies of Binomial Coefficient in which each term is Binomial coefficient
n
Cr
divided by an integer, i.e. in the form of .
k

n
n C1 C 2n 1  1
Illustration 10 : If 1  x    Cr xr , show that C0 
2
 ...  n 
n1 n1
.
r 0

Solution : Method (i) : rth term of the given series

9 Binomial Theorem
n
Cr 1 n  1 n 1 1 n1
tr   . Cr 1 .  . Cr .
r r n1 n1
n 1 n 1 n 1
Cr 1
Sum of the series =  t r 
r 1

r 1 n1

n1
n 1
C1 
n 1
C2  .... 
n 1
Cn 1 
1 n1 2n1  1

n 1

C0 n1 C1 n1 C2  .... n1 Cn1 n1 C0 
n 1
. 
Method (ii) : By calculus
1  x n  C0  C1x  C2 x 2  ....  Cn x n ...(1)
Integrating both the sides of (1) w.r.t x between the limits 0 to x, we get
x x
 1  x n 1   Cx
2
C x
3 n 1
C x 
   C0 x  1  2  ...  n 
 n  1  0  2 3 n  1 
0


1  x n 1  1 Cx C x C x
 C0 x  1  2  ...  n
2 3 n 1
...(2)
n1 n1 2 3 n1

2n1  1 C C C
Substituting x = 1 in (2), we get  C0  1  2  ...  n .
n 1 2 3 n 1

Problem related to series of binomial coefficients in which each term is a product of two
binomial coefficient.

(a) If sum of lower suffices of binomial expansion in each term is the same
i.e. n C0 nCn n C1 nCn 1  nC2 nCn  2  ...  nCn nC0
i.e. 0  n  1  n  1  2  n  2  ....  n  0 .
Then the series represents the coefficient of x n in the multiplication of the following two
series
1  x n  C0  C1x  C1x 2  ....  Cn x n and x  1n  C0 x n  C1x n 1  C2 x n  2  ...  Cn .

Illustration 11: Prove that C20  C12  ....  Cn2 

2n ! .
n! n!

Solution : Since 1  x n  C0  C1x  C2 x 2  ...  Cn x n , ...(1)

x  1n  C0 x n  C1x n 1  C 2 xn  2  ...  Cn , ...(2)

C 0
2
 C1x  C2 x  ....  Cn x
n
 C x 0
n
 C1x
n 1
 C2 x
n 2
 2n
 ...  Cn  1  x  .
n
Equating coefficient of x , we get
2n!
C02  C12  C22  ....  Cn2  2nCn  .
n! n!
(b) If one series ahs constant lower sufficies and other has varying lower sufficies

n 2n n 2n  2 n 2n  4 n
Illustration 12:Prove that C0 . Cn  C1 Cn  C 2 . Cn  ....  2 .
n 2n n 2n  2 n 2n  4
Solution : C0 . Cn  C1 Cn  C2 . Cn  ....

 co  efficient of x in
n
 C 1  x 
n
0
2n n
 C1 1  x 
2n  2 n
 C2 1  x 
2n  4
 ...
10 Binomial Theorem

 
 co  efficient of x n in  nC0 1  x 

2
  C 1  x  
n n
1
2 n 1

 nC 2 1  x  
n n 2 
 ...


 2
 co  efficient of x n in 1  x   1 n

in 2x  x   co  efficient of x
2 n n
 co  efficient of x n n
in x n 2  x   2n .

Exercise 2:

If 1  x n  C0  C1x  C2 x 2  ...  Cn x n , prove that

(i) 3C0  8C1  13C2  18C3  ...upto n  1 terms  0 .

C1 C C C 3n1  1
(ii) 2C0  22  23 2  24 3  ...  2n1 n  .
2 3 4 n 1 n 1

C 0Cr  C1Cr 1  C 2Cr  2  ...  C n1Cn  C0 Cr  C1C r 1  C 2C r  2  ...  C r C 0 

2n!
(iii)
n  r ! n  r !
C1 C2 n Cn 1
(iv) C0    .....   1 
2 3 n 1 n 1
n n n n n
(v) 3 . C1  7 . C2  11. C2  ....  4n  1. Cn  2n  1 2  1 .

ANSWER TO EXERCISES

Exercise 1:

70 8 5 25 ! 15 10
(i) x (ii) (a) (b) 2 3
3 12 10! 5!
5 2
(iii) (a) -20 (b)  560 . x , 280 x

24 !
(iv) 3 2 22 (v) 4
th th
and 5 i.e. 489888 .
10 ! 14!
11 Binomial Theorem

SOLVED SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS

9
Problem 1: Find the term independent of x in the expansion of 1  x  2x 3  x 2    32 1 
 .
3 x 

9
3 2 1 
Solution :  2
3
1  x  2x  x   
3 x 

 3 9 8
3  1 9 3 2  1 
7 2 6
3   1 
3
 
 1  x  2x 3  x 2   9 C1  x 2  .  C 2  x  .   9C3  x 2  . 
 2   2  3x  2   3x   2   3x 

5 4 4 5 3 6 2 7 
3   1  3   1  3   1  3   1 
 9C 4  x 2  .   9C5  x 2  .   9 C6  x 2  .   9C7  x 2  .   ...
2  3
 x 2  3
 x 2  3
 x 2   3x  

3 2 7
9 9 3 1 3  1
Hence term independent of x = C5   . 6  2. C7   .  
2 3  2 3

1 1 9! 1 9! 1 7.8.9 1 8.9 1 17
 9 C6 .  2 . 9C 7 5
 .  2. .  .  2. .  .
8  27 4.3 6 ! 3! 8  27 7! 2! 4.243 6 8.27 2 4.243 54

Problem 2: If a1, a 2 , a3 , a 4 are the coefficients of any four consecutive terms in the expansion of

a1 a3 2a 2
1  x n , prove that   .
a1  a 2 a3  a 4 a 2  a3
Solution : Let a1, a 2 , a3 , a 4 be the coefficients of the consecutive term tr 1, t r  2 , t r  3 and t r  4 in the
expansion of 1 x n
So that a1  nCr , a 2  nCr 1, a 3  nCn  2 , a 4  nCr  3  a1  a 2  n Cr  nCr 1  n 1Cr 1,
n n n 1 n n n 1
a 2  a3  Cr 1  Cr  2  Cr  2 and a 3  a 4  Cr  2  Cr  3  Cr  3

a1

n
Cr

n! r  1! n  r !  r  1
Now, .
a1  a2 n1
Cr 1 r! n  r ! n  1! n 1

2 a 3 r2 a r3
Similarly, a  a  n  1 , a  a  n  1 .
2 3 3 4

1 3a a r 1
2 r 3 2r  2 2a
Hence a  a  a  a  n  1  n  1  n  1  a  a .
1 2 3 4 2 3

Problem 3: Let n be a positive integer. If the co-efficients of 2nd, 3rd and 4th terms in the
expansion of (1+x)n are in A.P., then find the value of n.
Solution : Here t 2  nC1x, t 3  nC2 x 2 , t 4  nC3 x 3
Since the coefficients are in A.P., 2 nC2  nC1  nC3

2
nn  1
n
nn  1n  2 
 nn  1 
n 6  n 2  3n  2  
2! 3! 6
2 2
 6n  1  n  3n  8  n  9n  14  0  n  7 as n can not be 2.
12 Binomial Theorem
5 5
 1  1
Problem 4:
3 3
Find the degree of the expression  x  x  1 2    x  x  1 2 
   
   
 2 4
1 1
5 5
 1  3 1 
 
Solution :
3

3
Since  x  x  1 2    x  x  1 2     

5 3  3 2

 2
 2 x  10 x  x  1   5x  x  1 
 
  
         


 5 3 3 3 2
  
 2 x  10 x x  1  5 x x  1  , degree is 7 .
 


Problem 5: Find the larger of 99 50  100 50 and 10150 .

50 50 50 . 49 50
Solution : We have 101  100  1  100 50  50 .100 49  100 48  ...and 99 50  100  1
1. 2

0 . 49
 100 50  50 .100 49  .100 48  .....
1. 2
Subtracting we get

10150  99 50  2 50 .100 49  50 . 49 . 48 100 47  ...  100 50  2 50 . 49 . 48 100 47  ...  100 50 .

 1. 2 . 3   1. 2 . 3 

Hence, 10150  99 50  100 50 .

Problem 6: Using Binomial Theorem show that 3 2n  2  8n  9 is divisible by 64,  n N .

Solution : The given expression 3 2n  2  8n  9  3 2 3 2  8n  9  91  8n  8n  9   n

 n n 2 n

 9 1  C1 8  C2 . 8  ....  8  8n  9  64n  9 C2 8  C3 . 8  ...  8 
n 2 n 3 n

 
 64 n  9 n C2 n C3.8  ... 8n2 = 64K where K is an integer.. 
Hence 3 2n  2  8n  9 is divisible by 64.

Problem 7: Find the remainder when 5 99 is divided by 13.

Solution : We can write
5
99
 5.25
49
 526  1
49

 5 C0 26
49
 C1 26
48
 C2 26
47
 C3 26
46
 ...  C 48 26  C 49 
5C .26 0
49
 C1 . 26
48
 
 ...  C 48 26  13  8 .
Hence on dividing by 13, remaining is 8.

Problem 8: If n be any positive integer, show that the integral part of 7  4 3   n

is an odd number..

 
n
Also 7  4 3 = l+f where l is a positive integer and f is a proper fraction, show that
(1-f) (l+f) = 1.
Solution :  
n
Let 7  4 3 = l+f where l is a +ve integer and f is a proper fraction.

Clearly 0  7  4 3  1  0  7  4 3  1 .  
n
Let 7  4 3   n
= f 1 where 0<f 1<1.

. 4 3      
2 n
Now l  f  7n  nC1 7n 1 n
C2 7n  2 4 3  ...  4 3 , ..(1)

and f1  7n  nC1 7n1 4 3  nC2 7n2 4 3  ...   4 3     2

 
n
...(2)
13 Binomial Theorem
Adding (1) and (2), we get

l  f  f1  2 7n  n C2 7n  2 4 3

  2
 .... = an even integer

 f  f1 = even integer - integer = an integer
Since 0 < f < 1, 0 < f 1 < 1 0  f  f1  2  f  f1  1  I = even integer - 1 = Odd integer..

Now, l  f  7  4 3  n
and f1  7  4 3  
n
 l  f 1  f   49  48   1 .
n

n
Problem 9: If p + q = 1, then show that  r 2Cr pr qn  r  npq  n2p2 .
r 0

Solution : Here t r  r 2 nCr pr qn  r  r . n . n 1Cr 1 pr qn  r  nr  1  1 n 1Cr 1 pr qn  r


 n r  1
n 1
Cr 1 
n 1

Cr 1 p q
r n r

 n n  1
n 2
Cr  2 
n 1
Cr 1 p q  r n r

n 2
 n n  1 C r  2 p r q n  r  n n 1C r 1 p r qn  r
2 n 2 r 2 n r n 1 r 1 n  r
 n n  1p Cr  2p q  np Cr 1 p q
n
Now sum S   t r  nn  1p2  n 2C0 qn 2  n 2C1pqn 3  ...  n  2Cn  2 pn 2 
r 0

 np  n 1
C0 qn 1  n 1C1pqn  2  ...  n 1Cn 1 pn 1   nn  1 p p  q
2 n 2
 npp  q
n 1

2
 nn  1p  np  p  q  1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= n p  np  np  n p  np1  p   n p  npq .
Alternative Solution :
n
n
We know that 1  x    n Cr x r .
r 0

n
n1
Differentiate both sides w.r.t. x and get n1  x  r nCr xr 1
r 0

n
n 1
 nx1  x    r nCr x r .
r 0

Differentiate both sides again, w.r.t x. We get

n n
n 1 n 2 n 1 n 2
n1  x   nn  1x 1  x    r 2 nCr xr 1  nx1  x   nn  1x 1  x 
2
  r 2 nCr x r .
r 0 r 0

n 1 2 n2 n r
p np p  q nn  1p p  q 2 n p
Write x  in this equation, so that    r C r
q p
n
q
n
r 0 q
r
n n
n n
 np  nn  1p2   r 2 Cr pr qnr as p  q  1.  r 2 Cr pr qnr  n1  pp  n2p2  npq  n2p2
r 0 r 0

n 2 3 n2 n 2
n 2 C0 2 C1 2 . Cn 3  2n  5
Problem 10: If 1  x    Cr x r prove that
1. 2

2.3
 ...  
n  1n  2 n  1n  2 .
r 0

Solution : Method (i) : rth term of the given series

2r 1 . nCr 1 2r 1 . n  2Cr 1
Here tr  
r r  1 n  1n  2
14 Binomial Theorem
n 1
 t r  n  1n  2 n  2 C 2 22  n  2C3 23  ....  n  2Cn  2 2n 2 
1
Now sum S 
r 1

n 2

1
n  1n  2

1 2n2  n2C0 n2 C1 21  3  2n  5
n  1n  2

Method (ii) by calculus
Integrate both sides of the given equation and get

 1  x  dx   C0  C1x  ...  Cn x dx

n n

1  x n 1  C x
2
x
n 1
..(1)
 0x  C1  ...  Cn .  k1
n 1 2 n1
1
Put x = 0  k1  .
n1
Again integrating w.r.t x, we get
2
1  x n 1 dx  2  C x  C x 2  ...  C x n 1  1  dx
 n 1  0 1
2
n
n  1 n  1
0 0 
2


1  x n2 
22 C0 23 C1
  ... 
2n2 Cn

2
n  1n  2 0 1. 2 2.3 n  1n  2 n  1
n
2r  2 Cr 3n  2  1 2 3n  2  2n  5
Hence    
r  0 r  1r  2 n  1n  2 n  1 n  1n  2 .

Problem 11: Prove that (a) C02  C12  C22  ...   1n Cn2  0 or
 1n / 2 n! according as n is odd or
n / 2! n / 2!
even, (b)  2n
C0  
2 2n
C1  
2 2n
C2 
2
 ...  
2n
C2n 
2
  1
n 2n
Cn .

Solution : (a) Let 1  x n  C0  C1x  C2 x 2  ....   1n Cn x n

n
 1 1 1 1
and 1    C0  C1  C 2 . 2  ....  Cn n .
 x x x x
n

Now 2
C0
2
 C1
2
 C2  ...   1
n 2
Cn = constant term in expansion of 1  x n 1  1 
 x

= constant term in expansion of

1 x  2 n
= coefficient of x n in 1  x 2  n
if it existss
n
x
n
n
= 0, if n is odd,   12 C n , if n is even.
2

(b) We have 1  x 2n  2nC0  2nC1x  2nC2 x 2  ...  2nC2n x 2n ...(1)

and x  12n  2nC0 x 2n  2nC1x 2n 1  2nC2 x 2n  2  ...  2nC 2n ...(2)
Multiplying (1) and (2), we get

1 x   
2 2n 2n
C0  2nC1x  2n C2 x 2  ....  2nC2nx 2n 
2n
C0 x 2n  2nC1x 2n1  2nC2x 2n 2....  2nC2n  .(3)
Equating coefficient of x2n on both sides, we get
15 Binomial Theorem

 2n
C0   
2 2n
C1   
2 2n

2
C2  ...   2n
C2n 
2
  1
n 2n
Cn .

Problem 12: If a 0 , a1, a 2 ,...., am be the coefficients in the expansion of 1  x  x 2  

n
in ascending

powers of x, prove that a20  a12  a22  a32  ...  a22n1  a22n  an .

Solution : 1  x  x   a 2 n
0  a1x  a 2 x 2  ...  an x n  ...  a2n x 2n ...(1)
n
1  1 1 1 1 1
Replacing x by in (1), we get 1   2   a0  a1  a2 2  ...  a 2n 2n ..(2)
x  x x  x x x
Multiplying (1) and (2), we get

n
1 x  x  1  1x  x1   a
2 n
2 0
2
 a1x  a2 x  ...  an x  ...  a2n x
n 2n
a 0  a1
1
x
 a2
1
x2
1 
 ...  a 2n 2n 
x 


1 1 1 
 
 a 0  a1x  a 2 x 2  ....  an x n  ...  a 2n x 2n  a0  a1  a 2 2  ...  a 2n 2n 
x x x 


n

 
 1 x2 2  x2 
  2
1 x  x
4
  n

 2n
 2n
x x

ln LHS a 20  a12  a 22  a 23  ...  a 22n is the term independent of x and hence it is equal to
the term independent of x in RHS
or coefficient of x 2n in 1  x 2  x 4  n

or coefficient of t n in 1  t  t 2 , where t  x 2 . 
n

It is clearly equal to a n  a02  a12  a 22  a 23  ...  a 22n1  a 22n  an .

n 1 3r 7r 15r 
Problem 13 : Find the sum of the series   1r nCr  r  2r  3r  4r  ....to m terms .
r 0 2 2 2 2
 
n
r n
 1 r  3 r  7 r  15 r 
Solution : In the given series   1 Cr             ...to m terms ,
 2   4   8   16  
r 0

n r n
 1 1 n 1 n 1  1 1
  1r nCr    1  C1
n
 C2 2  C3 3  ....  1    n .
r 0  2 2 2 2  2 2
n r n
3  3 1
Similarly,   1r nCr   4
 1    n etc .
4
r 0     4

1   1 m 
1   n  
1 1 1 1 2n   2   2mn  1
Hence, the given series   n  n  n  ....to m terms   mn n .
2n
4 8 16 1 n
1 2 2 1  
2
2n 2n
r r 2n  1
Problem 14 : If  ar x  2   br x  3 and ak  1 for all k  n, then show that bn  Cn 1 .
r 0 r 0
16 Binomial Theorem

2n r 2n
r
Solution : Writing x  3  y, we get  ar 1  y    br y . We have to find the coefficient of y n in
r 0 r 0

the left hand side as the coeffieicent of y n in the right hand side is b n. And we will
start getting coefficient of y n only when r  n in the left hand side.
Coefficient of y n in 1  y n  1  y n 1  ....  1  y 2n  bn .
n 1
n  1  y 
n
  1
Coefficient of y in 1  y   y
  bn
 

 Coefficient of y
n 1

in 1  y 
2n  1 n

 1  y   bn 
2n  1
Cn 1  b n .

n 1 n/2 1 nπ 
Problem 15: Prove that (a) C1  C5  C9  ....  2  2  2 sin 4  ,
 

n 1  n  1 
(b) C1  C 4  C7  ....  3 2  2 cos  3 π  .
  

Solution : (a) Since 1  x n  C0  C1x  C2 x 2  ...  Cn x n ,

3 n 3 4 5 n 3
x 1  x   C0 x  C1x  C2 x  ...  Cn x
Put x = i
3 n 3
 i 1  i  C0i  C1i  C2i  ...  Cni
4 5 n 3
 C1  C3  C5  ....  i C0  C2  C4  C6  ...

3 n 3 n/2  n/2 nπ nπ   nπ nπ 
But i 1  i  i 2  cos 4  i sin 4   2  sin 4  i cos 4  .
   

n/ 2 n
Hence 2 sin  C1  C3  C5  C7  ... ..(1)
2
Also 2n 1  C1  C3  C5  ... ...(2)
Adding (1) and (2), we have finally
1  n 1 nπ 
C1  C5  C9  ...  2  2n / 2 sin .
2  4 
2 n 2 3 4 n2
(b) x 1  x   C0 x  C1x  C2 x  .....  Cn x

Writing x = 1, ω and ω 2 , we get

n
2  C0  C1  C 2  ....  Cn ...(1)
2 n 2 3 4 n2
ω 1  ω   C 0 ω  C1ω  C 2 ω  ...  Cn ω ...(2)


ω 4 1  ω2 
n
 C0 ω 4  C1ω 6  C2 ω8  ...  Cn ω 2n  4 ...(3)
Adding (1), (2) and (3), we get
n
2n  ω2 1  ω  ω 4 1  ω 2  
n
 3C1  C 4  C7  ...

1
 C1  C 4  C7  ... 
3
2n  1  ω n 1  1  ω 2
  
n 1 


1 n  n 1 n1   n1 n  1  1  n  n  1 
 2   cos π  i sin π    cos π  i sin π   2  2 cos  π  .
3  3 3   3 3  3   3 
17 Binomial Theorem

SOLVED OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS

Problem 1: The total number of terms in the expansion of x  a 100  x  a100 after simplification
is
(a) 50 (b) 202 (c) 51 (d) none of these
Solution : Total number of terms in the expansion of x  a 100 is 101, of which 50 terms get
cancelled. Hence (c) is the correct answer.

5
 2 c
Problem 2: The co-efficient of y in the expansion of  y   is
 y
(a) 10 c3 (b) 20 c2 (c) 10 c (d) 20 c
5 r
c
Solution : General term in the expansion  Cr y
5
  2 r
  5
 Cr y
3r  5
c
5 r

y
For coefficient of y, put r = 2. Hence (a) is the correct answer.

9
2  1
Problem 3: the term independent of x in  x   is
x  
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 48 (d) 84
9 r

Solution : General term in the expansion is

9
Cr x    x1
2 r
 Cr x
9 3r  9
 19  r
For constant term, put r = 3. Hence(d) is the correct answer.

n n
Problem 4: If 1  x n   n r
Cr x , then  r
Cm is equal to
r 0 r m

n 1 n 1 n 2
(a) Cm (b) Cm 1 (c) Cm 1 (d) none of these
r m r
Solution : Cm is coefficient of x in 1  x 
n
m m 1 n
  r Cm is coefficient of xm in 1  x   1  x   ...  1  x  i .e. coef f ic ient of x m i n
r m

1  x m 1  x n 1m 1  or coefficient of x m 1 n 1 n 1

in 1  x   Cm 1 .
x
Hence (b) is the correct answer.

n
 x
Problem 5: If the co-efficient of x and x in  2   are equal, then n is
7 8
 3 
(a) 56 (b) 55 (c) 45 (d) 15

n 2n  7 2n  8
Solution : Here C7  nC8  n  55 . .Hence (b) is the correct answer..
37 38

2n
 1 
Problem 6: If xm occurs in the expansion of  x  
2  , then the co-efficient of x m is
 x 
18 Binomial Theorem

2n! 2n! 2n! 3 ! 3!

(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
 2n  m   4n  m 
  !   !
n ! 2n  m! 2n  m!
 3   3 

2n 1
Solution : General term in the expansion is Cr x 2n  r 2r
 2nCr x 2n  3r
x

m 2n  m x m is 2n
C 2n  m
For x , 2n  3r  m  r  so that the coefficient of .
3 3

Hence (a) is the correct answer.

Problem 7: The positive integer which is just greater than (1+0.0001) 1000 is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) d
Solution The given expression on expansion gives
4 1000  999  8 1000  12 1 1 1 1 10
1  1000  10  10  C3 10  ....  1     ....  
2 10 100 1000 1 9
1
10
So that the integer just greater than the given expression must be 2.
Hence (d) is the correct answer.

Problem 8: Given the integers r>1, n>2, and co-efficients of (3r)th and (r+2)th term in the binomial
expansion of (1+x)2n are equal, then
(a) n = 2r (b) n = 3r (c) n = 2r+1 (d) none of these
Solution : Coefficient of 3r th an r  2th terms will be 2nC3r 1 and 2nCr 1 .
These are equal
 3r  1  r  1  2n  n  2r Hence (d) is the correct answer..

Problem 9: The co-efficient of the middle term in the expansion of (1+x) 2n is

1.3.5. ...2n  1 n
(a) 2 nCn (b) 2 (c) 2.6 ...(4n - 2) (d) none of these
n!

2n 2n ! 1. 3 . 5 ...2n  1. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 ... 2n 1. 3 . 5 ...2n  1 n

Solution : Coefficient will be Cn    .2 .
n!2 n ! 2
n!
Hence (b) is the correct answer.

 
n
Problem 10: If 1  x  x 2  a 0  a1x  a 2 x 2  ...  a 2n x 2n then a 0  a 2  a 4  ....  a 2n equals
n n n
3 1 3 1 1 3 n 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3 
2 2 2 2

Solution : Put x = 1  1  a 0  a1  a 2  ...  a 2n . Put x = 1  3n  a0  a1  a 2  a 3  ...  a 2n .

Adding, 3 n  1  2 a 0  a 2  a 4  ...  a 2n  . Hence (a) is the correct answer.

Problem 11: The co-efficients of xp and xq (p and q are positive integers) in the expansion of
1  x p  q are
(a) equal (b) equal with opposite signs
(c) reciprocals to each other (d) none of these
Solution : The coefficients of x p and x q are pq
C p and pq
C q both of which will be equal.
19 Binomial Theorem
Hence (a) is the correct answer.

Problem 12: The sum of the rational terms in the expansion of  2 3  1 / 5 10 is

(a) 46 (b) 42 (c) 41 (d) none of these
10 10 r
Solution : The given expansion  2 3  1/ 5 10
 
10
C2 2 2 3r / 5 .
r 0

The rational terms correspond to r = 0, r = 10. Hence the sum of rational terms =
10
C0 25  10C10 32  32  9  41. Hence (c) is the correct answer..

Problem 13: The value of n  2C0 2n 1  n  1C12n  nC 2 2n 1  .... is equal to

(a) 4n (b) 4 (c) 2n+4 (d) 4 (1+n)
n n n 1 n
Solution : Since x  1  C0 x  C1x  ... hence x x  1  C0 x
2 n 2
 C1x n1
 ...
Differentiating w.r.t. x we get 2xx  1n  x 2 nx  1n 1  n  2C0 xn 1  n  1C1x n  ...
Put x = 2 and the result is 4(n+1). Hence (d) is the correct answer.

Problem 14: The number of terms in the expansion of a  b  c n , when n  N , is

n  1n  2
(a) (b) n+1 (c) n+2 (d) (n+1)n
2
Solution : a  b  c n  an  nC1 an 1 b  c 1  nC2 an  2 b  c 2  ...  nCn b  c  n .
Further expanding each term of RHS.,
First term on expansion gives one term.
Second term on expansion gives two terms.
Third term on expansion gives three three terms and so on.
n  1n  2
 Total no. of terms  1  2  3  ...  n  1  Hence (a) is the correct answer..
2

Problem 15: The value of the expression

n 1  x  nn  1 1  2x  nn  1n  2  1  3x 
1 .    .... is
1 1  nx 1. 2 1  nx 2 1. 2 . 3 1  nx 3
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 0
Solution : The expression can be divided into two parts as
 n   1  nn  1n  2  ...    nx  nn  1x  nn  1n  2 x  ...
1  . 1  n n  1
 1 1  nx 2 1  nx2 1. 2 .3 1  nx3   1  nx 1  nx2 1. 2 1 nx3 
  
n
 1  nx  n  1 n  1n  2 
 1   
 1   ...
 1  nx  1  nx  11  nx  1. 2 1  nx  
2

n n 1 n n 1
 nx  nx  1   nx   nx   nx 
    1           0.
 1  nx  1  nx  1  nx   1  nx   1  nx   1  nx 
Hence (d) is the correct answer.
20 Binomial Theorem

SUBJECTIVE ASSIGNMENTS
LEVEL - I
8
 1 1/ 3 1 / 5 
1(i). Find the term independent of x in the expansion of  x  x  .
 2 
11 11
 2 1 
7 7  1 
(ii). Find the coefficient of x in  ax   and of x in  ax  2  and find the relation between
 bx   bx 
a and b so that their coefficients are equal.
9
12  3
a   x 
(iii). Find the middle term in the expansion of (a)   bx  (b)  3 x  6  .
x   

2.  
5
Determine the value of x in the expression x  x log10 x if the third term in the expansion is
10,00,000.
n
 1 
3. Find n in the binomial  3 2   , if the ratio of 7 th term from the beginning to 7 th term from
3
 3 
the end is 1/6.
4n

4. 4r
 1 
If x occurs in the expansion of  x  2  , prove that its coefficient is
4n! .
 x   4  4 
 n  r  !  2n  r  !
3  3 
5. Prove that the coefficient of (r+1)th term in the expansion of (1+x)n+1 is equal to the sum of
the coefficient of rth and (r+1)th terms in the expansion of (1+x)n.

6. In the expansion of (x+a)n if the sum of odd terms be P, and sum of even terms be Q, prove
that


(a) P2  Q2  x 2  a 2 ,
n
(b) 4PQ  x  a 2n  x  a 2n .
21
  a  b 
7. Which term in the expansion of the binomial  3    contains same power on ‘a’
  b 
3
a 

and ‘b’.

8. Prove that 
10  10  1

 100

 10  1 
100 
 is a whole number..

20
 1 
9 (i). Find the value of greatest term in the expansion of 3 1   .
 3
(ii). If x = 1/3, find the greatest term in the expansion of (1+4x) 8.

C1 C C C nn  1
10. Prove that  2 2  3 3  ....  n n  .
C0 C1 C2 Cn 1 2
21 Binomial Theorem

ANSWER
11 a6 a5
1 (i) r =5, t6 = 7 (ii) C5 5
, 11C6
b b6
189 17 21 19
(iii) (a) 7 th term, T7  924 a6b 6 (b) T5  x , T6  x
8 16
5 / 2
2. x  10 or 10 3. n = 9
25840
7. 10th term. 9. (i) t 8  (ii) r = 5
9
22 Binomial Theorem

LEVEL II
1. If n is an integer greater than 1, prove that a  C1a  1  C2 a  2  ...   1n Cn a  n  0 .

2. If 1  x 15  C0  C1x  C2 x 2  ....  C15 x15 , find the value of C 2  2C3  3C 4  ....  14C15 .

n
C0 C 2 C 4 2
3. Prove that    ....  .
1 3 5 n 1

n
C1 C3 C5 2 1
4. Prove that    ....  .
2 4 6 n 1

5(i). Show that 1  x n  nx  1is divisible by x 2 ,  n  N .

(ii). Show that 23n  7n  1 is divisible by 49. Hence show that 23n  3  7n  8 is divisible by 49.

6. If a,b,c are three consecutive coefficients in the expansion of (1+x) n then prove that
2ac  ba  c 
n .
b 2  ac

7. 
If 1  x  2 x 2  6
 1  a1x  a2 x 2  ...  a12 x12 , then prove that a 2  a 4  ....  a12  31 .

n 4
8.  2

2 n
Let 1  x 1  x    ak xk . If a1, a2 and a3 are in A.P., find n.
k 0

n 2
n C  3
9. If n is a positive integer and Ck  Ck then find the value of  k  k  .
k 1  Ck 1 

10. Show that    2  1

2  1 6
6
 198 . Hence show that the integral part of  
2 1
6
is197 .

ANSWERS

2
nn  1 n  2
2. 14
2 .13  1 8. n = 2, 3, 4 9. .
12
23 Binomial Theorem

LEVEL III
2
 2 3 n
x x x x 
1. Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of 1  
n
  ...  .
 1! 2! 3! n! 


nn  1 nn  1n  2n  3 

2.
n
If n  N, prove that the coefficient of x in 1  x  x
2
  n
is 1 
1! 2

2!2
 ...

3. De ter min e at wh ich x, th e 6 th term in th e e xpa nsi on of t he bin omi al

m
 log  10 3 x  
 10   5  x  2 log10 3 
 2  2  is equal to 21, if it is known that the binomial coefficient of the
 
 
2nd, 3rd and 4th terms in the expansion represent respectively the 1st, 3rd and 5th terms of
an A.P.

4. Show that no three consecutive binomial coefficients can be in (i). G.P. (ii).
H.P.

5(i).   n
If 2  3  l  f , where l and n are positive integers and 0<f<1, show that l is an odd integer
and (1-f) (l+f) = 1.
(ii). 
Let R  5 5  11 
2n 1
and f =R-[R] where [.] denotes the greatest integer function. Prove that
Rf=4 2n+1.

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 n 1 2 n 1 2 3 n 1  2  ...  n n
6. Sum the series C1  C2  C3  ...  Cn .
3 5 7 2n  1

n
7. Sum the series  r  1 2nCr .
r 0

n n n1 n n 2 n n
8. Show that C0 C0  C1 C1  C 2 C 2  ...   1 .

2n
9. If the middle term of 1  x  x  0  n  N is the greatest term of the expansion then show
1 1
that 1   x  1 .
n 1 n

10. Prove that C

n
n C1  C  C  C
n n n
 
n C3 .... n Cn 1 n Cn   n  1 n n
C1. nC2 . nC3 ....n Cn .
0 1 2 2
n!

ANSWERS
nn  3  n  3
n  12n1  1 2n!
n
2
1. 3. x = 0 or 2 6. 2 7.
n! 3 2 n! n!
24 Binomial Theorem

OBJECTIVE ASSIGNMENTS
LEVEL - I
1. If the second, third and fourth terms in the expansion of (a+b) n are 135, 30 and 10/3
respectively, then the value of a is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 7

2. If the binomial co-efficient of rth, (r+1)th and (r+2)th terms in the expansion of (1+x) 14 are in
A.P., then the value of r is
(a) 10 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 9

3. If 1  ax n  1  8 x  24 x 2  .... then
(a) a =3 (b) a = 4 (c) a = 2 (d) a = 5

4. If in the expansion of 1  x m 1  x n , the coefficients of x and x 2 are 3 and -6 respectively,,

then m is
(a) 6 (b) 9 (c) 12 (d) 24

5. The two successive terms in the expansion of (1+x)24 whose coefficients are in the ratio 1:4
are
(a) 3 rd and 4 th (b) 4 th and 5 th (c) 5 th and 6 th (d) 6 th and 7 th

6. The sum n C0  nC1  nC2  ....  nCn is equal to

2.4.6...2n
(a) (b) n n (c) n! (d)3 n
n!

7. The co-efficient of x k 0  k  n  in the expansion of E  1  1  x   1  x 2  ...  1  x n

n 1
(a) Ck 1 (b) n Ck (c) n 1
Cn k 1 (d) n 1
Cn  k 1

15
 2
8. The ratio of the co-efficient of x 15 to the term independent of x in  x 2   is
x  
(a) 12:32 (b) 1:32 (c) 32:12 (d) 32:1

n log3 8
 1   1 
9. The last term in the binomial expansion of  3 2   is 
3
 . Then the 5 th term from
 2  3. 9 
the beginning is
10
1 10
(a) 4. C6 (b) 2. 10 C 4 (c) . C4 (d) none of these
2

10. The remainder when 2 2003 is divided by 17 is

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 8 (d) none of these

8
11. 
The co-efficient of x in the expansion of 1  2x 3  3 x 5 1    is   1 
  x 
(a) 56 (b) 65 (c) 154 (d) 62
25 Binomial Theorem

12. The greatest value of the term independent of x in the expansion of x sin p  x 1 cos p , p  R ,  
10

is
10! 1 10!
(a) 2 5 (b) 2 (c) 5
. (d) none of these
5! 2 5!2

13. 
The co-efficient of x5 in the expansion of 1  x 2 1  x 4 is 5

(a) 40 (b) 50 (c) 30 (d) 60

100
14. The co-efficient of x53 in the expansion  100 C m x  3 100 m 2 m is
m0

100
(a) C53 (b) - 100 C53 (c) 65
C53 (d) 100
C65

2n
 1
15. The term independent of x in the expansion of  x   is
 x

1.3.5....2n  1.2
n
1.3.5....2n  1.2n 1.3.5....2n  1 1.3.5....2n  1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
n! n! n! n! n! n!

ANSWERS
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. C

6. A 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. C

11. C 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A

26 Binomial Theorem
LEVEL II
1. In the binomial expansion of a  b n , n  5 , the sum of the 5th and 6th terms is zero. Then a/
b equals
n4 n5 5 6
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 6 n4 n5

8
th
 1 2 
2. If 6 term in the expansion of  8 / 3  x log10 x  is 5600, then x is equal to
x 
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 10

n
 1  T3
3. If in the expansion of  2 x   ,  7 and the sum of the co-efficients of 2 nd and 3 rd terms
 4 x  T2
is 36, then the value of x is
1 1 1 1
(a)  (b)  (c) (d)
3 2 3 2

4. The two consecutive terms in the expansion of (3+2x) 74 whose coefficients are equal is
(a) 30 th and 31 st terms (b) 29 th and 30 th terms
st nd
(c) 31 and 32 terms (d) 28 th and 29 th terms

n n
5. If  r Cm n 1 Cm1, then  n  r  1 r Cm is equal to
r m r m

n3 n 2 n 2
(a) Cm  2 (b) Cm  2 (c) Cm 1 (d) none of these

6. 
In the expansion of 71 / 3  111/ 9  6561
, the number of terms free from radicals is
(a) 730 (b) 715 (c) 725 (d) 750

7. The integer next above  3  1 2m

contains
m3
(a) 2m 1 as a factor (b) 2m  2 as a factor (c) 2 as a factor (d) 2m as a factor

13
8. If Cr is denoted by Cr , then the value of C1  C5  C7  C9  C11 is equal to

(a) 212  287 (b) 212  165 (c) 212  C3 (d) 212  C2  C13

9. Let n be an odd natural number greater than 1. Then the number of zeros at the end of the
sum 99 n+1 is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) none of these

n
10. If x+y=1, then  r nCr x r y n r equals
r 0

(a) 1 (b) n (c) nx (d) ny