Hawasssa University iOT, School of Civil Engineering

Reinforced concrete Structures I

Reinforced Concrete Slab

A slab is a two dimensional structure, it carries load primary by bending action and transfers the load to
the supporting beams or walls and sometimes directly to columns. A structural section to be considered as a
slab, the minimum span shall not be less than four times the overall slab thickness. Slab is used to from a
variety of building elements like floors, roof, stair cases etc...

Classification of slabs
I. Based on support condition
 Edge supported:-each corner of the slab is supported by beams

 Edge unsupported:-the corner of the slab is free from beam support; the slab is rest
on columns (Flat Slab).

II. Based on structural section

 Solid:- A slab that is uniform in section

 Ribbed:- A slab that has a variation in section or hole in the slab.

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Reinforced concrete Structures I

III. Based on structural action

 One way slabs
They transfer load in one direction
(In the short direction)
-Long dimension
-Short dimension
≥2
 Two way slabs
They transfer load in two directions.
-Long dimension
-Short dimension
<2

EBCS-2 recommendation on designing of slabs

Thickness
The following minimum thicknesses shall be adopted in design:
 60 mm for slabs not exposed to concentrated loads (e.g. inaccessible roofs)
 80 mm for slabs exposed mainly to distributed loads.
 100 mm for slabs exposed to light moving concentrated loads (e.g. slabs accessible to light
motor vehicles)
 120 mm for slabs exposed to heavy dynamic moving loads (e.g. slabs accessible to heavy
vehicles)
 150 mm for slabs on point supports (e.g. flat slabs)

Flexural Reinforcement
 The ratio of the secondary reinforcement to the main reinforcement shall be at least equal
to 0.2.
 The geometrical ratio of main reinforcement in a slab shall not be less than
0.5
=

 The spacing between main bars for slabs shall not exceed the smaller of 2D or 350 mm.
 The spacing between secondary bars shall not exceed 400 mm.

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 Hawasssa University iOT, School of Civil Engineering
Reinforced concrete Structures I

Analysis and design of one-way solid slabs

If a slab is said to be one way then the ratio of the larger dimension to the short one is greater
than or equal to 2. This means the main reinforcement runs in one direction only.

The analysis carried out by assuming a beam of unit width (shaded area of 1m width in the
above picture) with a depth equal to the thickness of the slab and effective span length equal to the
distance between the supports. The strip of unit width may be analyzed in the same way as singly
reinforced rectangular section beam.
As the loads being transmitted to the supported beam, all reinforcement shall be placed at right
angles to these beams. However some additional bars may be placed in the other direction to carry
temperature and shrinkage stresses.
Generally, the design consists of selecting a slab thickness for deflection requirements and
flexural design carried out by considering the slab as a series of rectangular beams side by side.

To calculate spacing between bars, by selecting the diameter of the bar, as

1000
=
The maximum spacing between bars is

2 , ℎ ℎ
=
350
Minimum area of steel

0.5
≥

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 Hawasssa University iOT, School of Civil Engineering
Reinforced concrete Structures I

Design Example

Design the floor system of an Exhibition room which consists of one-way solid slab supported by beams. It
also subjected to a uniform load of 3KN/m2 for partition wall. Use concrete C25 and steel S300 class I
works and the floor finish is ceramic tile.
Solution
 Design constant
25
= = = 20
1.25 1.25
0.85 0.85 × 20
= = = 11.33
ϒ 1.5
300
= = = 260.87
ϒ 1.15
260.87
= = = 28.78
0.8 0.8 × 11.33

= =
= 0.0035 = 200,000
11.33 0.0035
= 0.8 = 0.8 = 0.0253
+ 260.87 260.87
+ 0.0035
200000
To assure ductility
= 0.75 = 0.019
 Check of one-way structural action
Panel Lx (m) Ly (m)
≥2

1 3 7 2.33>2 ,one-way

2 3 7 2.33>2 ,one-way

3 3.5 7 2 =2 ,one-way

 Depth for deflection

= 0.4 + 0.6
400
Panel Le (mm) d(mm)

1 3000 24 106.25

2 3000 24 106.25

3 3500 24 123.96

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Reinforced concrete Structures I

Take the maximum value d=123.96mm

Overall depth D will be
Using
 15mm concrete cover
 Using ϕ10 reinforcement bar bottom
 Using ϕ8 reinforcement bar transverse direction

D=123.96 + 15 + 10/2 =143.96mm, use 150mm

d=150-15-10/2=130mm
d1=150-15-10-8/2=121mm
 Design Load
 Dead load

From EBCS-1, Table 2.8 Flooring and Walling, for PVC covering (Ceramic
tile) the density is 16kN/m3 and its thickness=20mm
The density of the cement screed form EBCS-1 Table 2.1 =23kN/m3 and its
thickness=30mm
The density of C25 concrete is =25kN/m3
 Self-weight of the slab = 0.15 × 25 / = 3.75 /
 Cement screed= 0.03 × 23 / = 0.69 /
 Ceramic tile = 0.02 × 16 / = 0.32 /
 Partition load = 3 /
-------------------------------------
Total dead load DL=3.75 + 0.69 + 0.32 + 3 = 7.76kN/m2
 Live load
Form EBCS-1, Table 2.9 category B C3, and form Table 2.10 we get the value
LL=5kN/m2
By considering one meter strip the design load will be
= 1.3 + 1.6 = 1.35 × 7.76 + 1.5 × 5 = (10.476 + 7.5) /
= Design dead load + Design Live load = (10.476 + 7.5)kN/m

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 Hawasssa University iOT, School of Civil Engineering
Reinforced concrete Structures I

 Analysis
The variations in live load in different panels will result different bending moment values.
We use a Structural Analysis program called SAP2000 to do the analysis.

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Reinforced concrete Structures I

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 Hawasssa University iOT, School of Civil Engineering
Reinforced concrete Structures I

Summarizing the values

Loading Span AB Span BC Span CD
type Moment(KN.m) Moment(KN.m) Moment(KN.m)
Span(Field) Support Support Span(Field) Support Support Span(Field)
1 13.605 13.236 13.236 0 11.017 11.017 10.993
2 6.406 12.211 12.211 6.548 15.140 15.140 9.225
3 8.125 7.142 7.142 0 18.590 18.590 18.997
4 12.417 16.667 16.667 4.827 14.115 14.115 9.645
5 6.949 10.583 10.583 4.088 21.688 21.688 17.669
6 12.960 15.049 15.049 2.367 20.663 20.663 18.108
Maximum 13.605 16.667 16.667 6.548 21.668 21.688 18.997

 Design the section for flexure (moment)

Mmax=21.688kN.m, b=1000mm, = 260.87
= 0.75 = 0.019

21.688 × 10
= = = 79.80 < 130 …. !
0.2952 0.2952 1000 11.33
 Reinforcement
 d=130mm, d1=121mm, b=1000mm, = 11.33 , = 260.87
The maximum spacing between bars is

2 , ℎ ℎ 2 × 150 = 300
= = =300mm
350 350
Minimum area of steel

0.5 0.5 × 1000 × 130

≥ = = 216.67
300

= 1− 1− , = , = ,
× 10
= = 78.54
4

 Minimum reinforcements is needed in transverse direction; using ϕ8 reinforcement bar

d1=121mm
0.5 0.5 × 1000 × 121
= = = 201.67
300
× × .
= = 50.27 , = = .
= 249.27 , = 400
Use ϕ8 C/C 240

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 Hawasssa University iOT, School of Civil Engineering
Reinforced concrete Structures I

Location Moment ≤ 0.019 = Spacing S ≤ Actual S

(KN.m) ≥ (mm) (mm)
(mm2)
Field-AB 13.605 0.003204 416.54 188.55 180
Support-B 16.667 0.003961 514.94 152.52 150
Field-BC 6.548 0.001512 196.5 ≅216.67 399.69≅300 300
Support-C 21.668 0.005230 679.86 115.53 110
Field-CD 18.997 0.004547 591.11 132.87 130

 Reinforcement detail

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 Hawasssa University iOT, School of Civil Engineering
Reinforced concrete Structures I

Analysis and Design of Two-Way Solid Slabs

Tow-way slab are a floor system whose individual panel are rectangular and the ratio of the larger to
smaller span is less than 2. They are composed of rectangular panels, supported at all four edges by beams
or walls stiff enough to be treated as unyielding.

The general procedure to design two-way slabs

1. Depth determination
The minimum effective depth for deflection can be calculated as
≥ 0.4 + 0.6
400
The overall depth D can be calculated
Longitudinal reinforcement
= + concrete cover +
2
Note that the reinforcement is in both directions
2. Design load calculation
Base on the limit state design method, the design load Pd is computed as follows
= 1.35 + 1.5
Where
DL is dead load including self-weight of the slab, partition wall, finishing etc…
LL live load
3. Analysis of individual panels (Moment)
The first step is to determine support and span moments for all panels. The support
and span moments are calculated as follows
=
= is the design moment per unit width at the point of reference.
= is a uniformly distributed design load
= the coefficient given in EBCS-2 Table A-1 as a function of (Ly/Lx) and support
condition of the panel.
= Longer span of the panel
= Shorter span of the panel
The subscript (i) has the following meaning
S=support
f=field (span)
x=direction of shorter span
y=direction of longer span
In table A-1 of EBCS-1 if the value of the aspect ratio (Ly/Lx) is between two values then use
linear interpolation.
This method is intended for slabs with uniformly distributed loads. If a slab is subjected to
a concentrated or line loads, in addition to a uniform load, these can generally be treated by
considering them as equivalent uniform loads using Reynould’s method, provided that the sum
of the non-uniform loads on panel does not exceed 20% of the total load.
4. Adjustments of support and span moment
I. Support Moment Adjustment
Let MR > ML
If (MR - ML)/ MR * 100 < 20% then the design moment Md
Md = (MR+ML)/2
If (MR- ML)/ MR * 100 ≥ 20% then distribute using their relative stiffness.

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1
= − ∆ = − ∆ , >
+ 1 1
+

1
= − ∆ = − ∆ , <
+ 1 1
+

= ℎ ℎ

∆ = − > ∆ = − >

II. Span Moment Adjustment

If the support moment is decreased, the span moment Mxf and Myf are then
increased to allow for changes of support moments.
= + ∆
= + ∆
Where
∆ = , −
, = coefficients for adjusting span moments given in EBCS-2 Table A-2
If the support moment is increased, no adjustment shall be made to the span
moment.

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5. Check the depth for flexure

≥
0.2952
If not satisfy, revise the design with a new depth calculated using the above equation.
6. Reinforcement design for flexure
We can calculate the reinforcement area using equation or design chart.
For a given and calculated data of
 Material data C- and S-
 Effective depth(d) ,Width(b=1000mm) and Design moment(Md)
I. Using equation
2
= 1− 1−

=
II. Using design chart

= →

=
To calculate spacing between bars, by selecting the diameter of the bar, as
1000
=
Compare the above design spacing S, with the minimum provision given by our code.
0.5
=

= 2
350
7. Reinforcement detail
The reinforcement bars can be detailed in such a way that at least 50% of the positive
bars is extended into the support. The negative bars may be terminated at a distance of Lx/4
to Lx/3 from the respective centerline point of the support.
8. Load transfer to frames
The design load on beams supporting solid slabs spanning into two direction at right angles
supporting distributed load may be assessed from the following equations.
=
=
EBCS-2 Table A-3 gives a value of load transfer coefficient , and the assumed
distribution of this loading is shown below.

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 Hawasssa University iOT, School of Civil Engineering
Reinforced concrete Structures I

Design Example
Design the floor system of an office building. Load form partition 2kN/m2, from floor finishing and screed
1kN/m2 .Using C25 and S300 class I works.

Solution
 Design constant
25
= = = 20
1.25 1.25
0.85 0.85 × 20
= = = 11.33
ϒ 1.5
300
= = = 260.87
ϒ 1.15

= =
= 0.0035 = 200,000
11.33 0.0035
= 0.8 = 0.8 = 0.0253
+ 260.87 260.87
+ 0.0035
200000
To assure ductility
= . = .
 Step 1 :- Depth determination
= 0.4 + 0.6
400
panel Lx Ly Ly/Lx<2 d(mm)
1 4000 4000 1 40 85
2 4000 6000 1.5 35 97.143
3 4000 5000 1.25 37.5 90.67
4 5000 6000 1.2 38 111.84
Maximum 111.84

Overall depth D will be using

 15mm concrete cover
 Using ϕ10 reinforcement bar bottom (it run perpendicular to the Longer span)
 Using ϕ10 reinforcement bar transverse direction (above the bars that runs
perpendicular to the longer span, which runs parallel to the longer span.)
Longitudinal reinforcement
= + concrete cover +
2
10
= 111.84 + 15 + = 131.84
2
Let provide a minimum thickness for slab with concentrated load D=150mm
d=150-15-10/2=130mm d1=150-15-10-10/2=120mm

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 Step 2 :- Design load calculation

 Dead load
The density of C25 concrete is =25kN/m3
 Self-weight of the slab = 0.15m × 25KN/m = 3.75kN/m
 Floor finishing and screed= 1kN/m
 Partition load = 2 /
-------------------------------------
Total dead load DL=3.75 + 1+ 2 = 6.75kN/m2
 Live load
Form EBCS-1, Table 2.9 category B C1, and form Table 2.10 we get the value
LL=3kN/m2
= 1.35 + 1.5 = 1.35 × 6.75 + 1.5 × 3 = 13.6125 N/m
 Step 3 :- Analysis of individual panels (Moment)
Pd=13.6125kN/m2 =
Support Lx2 Mxs Mxf Mys Myf
Panel Ly/Lx αxs αxf αys αyf
Condition m kN.m kN.m kN.m kN.m
1 7 1 16 0.058 0.044 0 0.044 12.632 9.583 0 9.583
2 6 1.5 16 0 0.078 0.045 0.034 0 16.988 9.801 7.405
3 4 1.25 16 0.066 0.049 0.047 0.036 14.375 10.672 10.237 7.841
4 8 1.2 25 0 0.063 0.058 0.044 0 21.440 19.738 14.974

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 Step 4 :- Adjustments of support and span moment

I. Support Moment Adjustment
 Adjustment between panel 1 and panel 2
ML=12.632kN.m
MR=9.801kN.m
− 12.632 − 9.801
100% = × 100% = 22.41% > 20%
12.632
1 1
= − ∆ = 12.632 − 4 × (12.632 − 9.801)
1 1 1 1
+ 4+4
= 11.217 .
 Adjustment between panel 2 and panel 3
ML=9.801kN.m
MR=10.237kN.m
− 10.237 − 9.801
100% = × 100% = 4.26% < 20%
10.237
10.237 + 9.801
= = 10.019 .
2
 Adjustment between panel 3 and panel 4
ML=14.375kN.m
MR=19.738kN.m
− 19.738 − 14.375
100% = × 100% = 27.17% > 20%
19.738
1 1
= − ∆ = 19.738 − 5 (19.738 − 14.375)
1 1 1 1
+ +
5 4
= 17.514 .
II. Span Moment Adjustment
 Panel 1
∆ = − = 12.632 − 11.2165 = 1.4185
= 0.280
= 0.380
= + ∆ = 9.583 + 0.28 × 1.4185 = 9.980 .
= + ∆ = 9.583 + 0.38 × 1.4185 = 10.080 .
 Panel 3
∆ = − = 10.237 − 10.019 = 0.218
= 0.332
= 0.154
= + ∆ = 10.672 + 0.332 × 0.218 = 10.744
= + ∆ = 7.841 + 0.154 × 0.218 = 7.875

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 Panel 4
∆ = − = 19.738 − 17.514 = 2.224
= 0.338
= 0.172
= + ∆ = 21.440 + 0.338 × 2.224 = 22.192
= + ∆ = 14.974 + 0.172 × 2.224 = 15.357

 Step 5 :- Check the depth for flexure

= 22.192 . , = 260.87 , = 0.019, b=1000mm
22.192 × 10
= = = 81.46 < 120 …. !
0.2952 0.2952 1000 11.33

 Step 6 :- Reinforcement design for flexure

b=1000mm=1m, d1=120mm=0.12m, d=130mm=0.13m
The maximum spacing between main bars is
2 , ℎ ℎ 2 × 150 = 300
= = =300mm
350 350
Minimum area of steel
0.5 0.5 × 1000 × 130
≥ = = 216.67
300
0.5 0.5 × 1000 × 120
≥ = = 200
300

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By using design table

= → , =

To calculate spacing between bars, by selecting the diameter of the bar, as

1000 × 10
= , = = 78.54
4
d or
Moment As S Provided
Location d1 Km Ks 2
KN.m mm mm Spacing
m
Mxs 11.217 0.13 25.763 3.999 345.05 228 220
Mxf 9.980 0.13 24.301 3.985 305.925 256.73 250
Panel 1
Mys
Myf 10.080 0.12 26.458 4.008 336.69 233.27 230
Mxs
Mxf 16.7 0.13 31.435 4.064 522.07 150.44 150
Panel 2
Mys,R 9.85 0.13 24.142 3.984 301.86 260.18 260
Myf 7.279 0.12 22.483 3.973 241 325.9 320
Mxs,L 9.85 0.13 24.142 3.984 301.86 260.18 260
Mxf 10.56 0.13 24.997 3.990 324.11 242.32 240
Panel 3
Mys,R 17.13 0.13 31.837 4.068 536.04 146.52 140
Myf 7.739 0.12 23.183 3.978 256.55 306.14 300
Mxs
Mxf 21.837 0.13 35.946 4.109 690.22 113.79 110
Panel 4
Mys 17.13 0.13 31.837 4.068 536.04 146.52 140
Myf 15.11 0.12 32.393 4.074 512.98 153.1 150

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 Step 7 :- Reinforcement detail

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 Step 8 :- Load transfer to frames

=
=
Pd=13.6125kN/m2

Lx Vx Vy
Support
Panel Ly/Lx Discont
Condition m Cont. Discont. Cont. Discont. Cont. Cont. Discont.
.
1 7 1 4 0.45 0.30 - 0.30
24.503 16.335 0 16.335

0 21.780 21.780 0
2 6 1.5 4 - 0.40 0.40 -
26.408 17.424 21.780 14.157
3 4 1.25 4 0.485 0.32 0.40 0.26
0 24.503 30.628 20.419
4 8 1.2 5 - 0.36 0.45 0.30

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Reinforced concrete Structures I

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Reinforced concrete Structures I

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 Hawasssa University iOT, School of Civil Engineering
Reinforced concrete Structures I

Design of one way ribbed Slab

In one way ribbed slab, the supporting beams called joists or ribs are closely spaced. The ribbed
floor is formed using temporary or permanent shuttering (form work) while the hollow block floor
is generally constructed with block made of clay tiles or with concrete containing light weight
aggregate. This type of floor is economical for buildings where there are long spans and light or
moderate live loads such as in hospitals and apartment buildings.

General requirements:
 Because joists are closely spaced, thickness of slab (topping), tslab ≥ 40 mm or 1/10 clear
distance between ribs.
 The topping shall be provided with a reinforcement mesh providing in each direction a
cross sectional area not less than 0.001 of the section of the slab.
 Unless calculation requires, minimum reinforcement to be provided for joists include two
bars, where one is bent near the support and the other is straight.
 Rib width bw ≥ 70 mm, and overall depth Dj ≤ 4 bw,joist , excluding tslab
 Rib spacing is generally less than 1m.
 In case of rib spacing larger than 1m, the topping need to be designed as if supported on
ribs (i.e. as one way solid slab between the ribs).
 If the span of the ribs exceeds 6m, transverse ribs may be provided.
 When transverse ribs are provided, the center to center distance shall not exceed 20 times
the overall depth of the ribbed slab.
 The transverse ribs shall be designed for at least half the values of maximum moments and
shear force in the longitudinal ribs.
 The girder supporting the joist may be rectangular or T-beam, with the flange thickness
equal to the floor thickness.

Procedure for design of a floor system of ribbed slab:

1. Thickness of topping and ribs assumed based on minimum requirements.
2. Loads may be computed on the basis of center line of the spacing of joists.
3. The joists are analyzed as continuous T-beams supported by girders.
4. Determine flexural reinforcement and consider minimum provision in the final solution.
5. Provide the topping or slab with reinforcement as per temperature and shrinkage
requirement.
6. Design the girder as a beam.

EBCS 2 - provisions
Web-Flange Connections

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Reinforced concrete Structures I

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 Hawasssa University iOT, School of Civil Engineering
Reinforced concrete Structures I

Design Example of one way Ribbed Slab

Design the floor system shown below which is made of ribbed slab. Dead load from partition wall
plus floor finishing and HCB block =3.5kN/m2 and floor Live Load =2kN/m2. Column dimension
30x30cm and Use Materials C30, S300 class I works.

Step 1 Geometry
 Effective depth of joist or rib
Here Le = span of the joist = 5.5 m
βa can be taken similar to flat slab = 24
. . ∗
= (0.4 + ) =(0.4 + ) =195mm
Using ϕ12, 15mm concrete cover, ϕ6 stirrups
Over all depth
D=195+15+6+12/2=222mm <260mm …………………Ok!
Note: - overall depth (D) of the rib from the ribbed slab section is 260mm and its width
bw=80mm.
Use D=260mm
Overall depth of the joist D= 260mm≤ 4 bw = 4(80) = 320 mm. D provided is OK!
40
Thickness of slab (topping), ≥ ∗( )
From the ribbed slab section, the clear distance between ribs=320mm and the thickness
of the topping slab=60mm

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40
= 60 ≥ 1 = 40 …….
∗ (320 ) = 32
10
Step 2 Loading
 Dead Load
 Form self-weight topping slab + self-weight of the rib
= (0.06m * 0.4m * 25kN/m3) + (0.08 * 0.2 * 25) = 1kN/m
 From partitions, Finishing and Block =3.5KN/m2 * 0.4m = 1.4kN/m
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Dead Load (DL)=1+1.4=2.4KN/m
 Live Load(LL) = 2 * 0.4 = 0.8 KN/m
 Design load(Pd)=1.35DL+1.5LL=1.35(2.4)+1.5(0.8)= 4.44kN/m
Step 3 Analysis

Step 4 Design for flexure

 Design constant
. . ( . )
= ϒ
= .
= 13.6 , = ϒ
= .
= 260.87

= = , = 0.0035 = 200,000

13.6 0.0035
= 0.8 = 0.8 = 0.0304
+ 260.87 260.87
+ 0.0035
200000
To assure ductility = . = .

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 Check the depth for maximum moment

Mmax= 16.78kN.m, b = 80mm
Check it by using the limiting depth d
16.78 × 10
= = = 228.57
0.2952 0.2952 × 80 × 13.6
= 260 − 15 − 6 − 6 = 233 > 228.57 …….. !
 Design of the mid span Section as a T-beam
5500
+ = 80 + = 1180
= 5 5
ℎ = 400
= 400
 Assuming the NA to fall in the flange,
Mu=9.44KN.m
Mu = 0.8 x be fcd (d – 0.4x)
9.44 * 106 = 0.8x (400)*(13.6)*(233 – 0.4x)
Or x2 – 582.5x + 5422.794 = 0
On solving the above quadratic equation,
x = 9.46mm
Therefore, NA falls within the flange
As = (0.8 x be fcd)/fyd
= (0.8 * 9.46 * 400 * 13.6)/260.87
= 157.87 mm2
Number of 12 mm diameter rods = 157.87 / (π * 122/4) = 1.4
Use 2ϕ12
 Design of support section as a rectangular beam

Overall depth D = 260mm; d = 233 mm

Breadth b = 80mm; Mmax = 16.78KNm
Mumax = 0.2952 fcd bd = 0.2952 * 13.6 * 80 * 2332 * 10-6 = 17.44KNm > 16.78KNm the
2

section is single reinforced.

= 0.0304
= 0.61 = 0.0185

2∗ 2 ∗ 16.78 ∗ 10 13.6
= (1 − (1 − )) = (1 − (1 − )) = 0.0179
80 ∗ 233 ∗ 13.6 260.87
0.5 0.5
= = = 0.0017
300
>
As = ρbd=0.0179*80*233=333.184mm2
Number of 12 mm diameter rods = 333.184 / (π * 122/4) = 2.95
Use 3ϕ12

Surafel T. Date:-November 29, 2017 Page 27

 Hawasssa University iOT, School of Civil Engineering
Reinforced concrete Structures I

 Transverse reinforcement at topping.

Cross-section area of the topping Ac = 60 * 1000 = 60000 mm2
Based on EBCS-2, Ast = 0.001 Ac, Ast = 0.001*60000 = 60 mm2
Reinforcement in a unit width (i.e. 1m)
. ×
Spacing using ϕ6 = = 471.17
Use Ф6mm @ c/c 400mm in both directions (since secondary reinforcements shall
not be greater than 400mm spacing)
Step 5 Design for Shear
The design shear at d distance from the face of the support; we do center to center
analysis so the distance will be=30/2 + 233mm=248mm=0.248m. The design is
done for the maxmuim shear.

Maximum shear force at the support = 15.26kN

Shear force at the critical section (Vsd) = 14.16kN
VRD = 0.25 fcdbwd
= 0.25* 13.6 * 80 * 233 * 10-3=63.38kN
= 63.38KN >>14.16kN → ok
. . ×
= .
= .
=1.165Mpa
k1 = 1+50p = 1+50*0.0179 = 1.895≤ 2.0
k2 = 1.6 –d = 1.6-0.233 = 1.37 > 1.0
Vc = 0.25 fctdk1k2bwd
= 0.25*1.165*1.895*1.367*80*233*10-3
= 14.06kN ≤ Vsd=14.16kN
Since Vsd > Vc→ provide shear reinforcements
V = , Vs=Vsd-Vc
Consider 6 mm diameter stirrups with 2 legs,
Av = 2 * 62 * π / 4 = 56.55 mm2
56.55 × 260.87 × 233
= = =∞
(14.16 − 14.06) × 10
2/3*VRD=42.25>Vsd so the maximum spacing will be
But Smax = 0.5d = 0.5*233 = 116.5 mm
Use Ф6mm stirrup @ c/c 110 mm

Surafel T. Date:-November 29, 2017 Page 28

 Hawasssa University iOT, School of Civil Engineering
Reinforced concrete Structures I

 Longitudinal shear (page 45, article 4.5.5. EBCS 2)

 Flange in compression
Compression under maximum span moment
Mmax =16.78kNm, Maximum transverse Shear, Vsd = 14.16kN
x = 0.45 * 233 = 104.85
& Z = d – 0.4x = 233 – 0.4(104.85) = 191.06 mm
be = 400mm , bw = 80mm
 Longitudinal shear for flange in compression,
− 400 − 80 14.04 × 1000 /
= = = 29.39 /
2 2 × 400 191.06
vsd = 29.39 KN/m
VRd 1 = 0.25 fcd hf = 0.25* 13.6* 60 = 204 KN/m
VRd 1 = 204 KN/m > 29.39 KN/m
Safe against failure by crushing of concrete.

= 0.50 ℎ +

Sf = Spacing of reinforcement in the topping perpendicular to the web-flange interface

= 400mm
Asf = Area of reinforcement per unit length perpendicular to the web-flange interface
× 1000 28.27 × 1000
= = = 70.69 /
400
70.69 × 260.87
= 0.50 × 1.165 × 60 + = 34.95 + 46.1
400
= 81.05 > 29.39 … . .
 Flange in tension
Tension under maximum support moment
Mmax = 16.78Nm
Maximum transverse shear = Vsd = 14.16kN
z = 191.06 mm
As = 3ф12 = 3*113.1 = 339.29mm2 Asw = 2ф12 = 2*113.1 =226.2mm2
 Longitudinal shear for flange in tension
− 339.29 − 226.2 14.04 × 1000 /
= = = 12.25 /
2 2 × 339.29 191.06
= 204 > 12.25 KN/m ……..safe
70.96 × 260.87
= = = 46.1 /
400

= 46.1 > 12.25 ….

Surafel T. Date:-November 29, 2017 Page 29

 Hawasssa University iOT, School of Civil Engineering
Reinforced concrete Structures I

Step 6 Reinforcement Detailing

Reference
 Ethiopian building code of standard -EBCS 1 and 2 of 1995.
Surafel T. Date:-November 29, 2017 Page 30