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Applied Solar Energy by NS
Sunlight
provides
the energy
for almost
all life on
Earth.
By Glynn Gorick
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Applied Solar Energy by NS
Disadvantages
Sun does not shine consistently.
Solar energy is a diffuse source. To harness it, we must
concentrate it into an amount and form that we can use,
such as heat and electricity.
Which has been addressed by approaching the
problem through:
1) collection, 2) conversion, 3) storage.
Advantages
All chemical and radioactive polluting byproducts of the
thermonuclear reactions remain behind on the sun,
while only pure radiant energy reaches the Earth.
Energy reaching the earth is incredible. By one
calculation, 30 days of sunshine striking the Earth have
the energy equivalent of the total of all the planet’s fossil
fuels, both used and unused!
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Applied Solar Energy by NS
The world’s current energy system is built around fossil
fuels
Fossil fuel reserves are ultimately finite
Pollution from burning fossil fuels leads to an increase in
greenhouse gases, acid rain, and the degradation of public
health
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Applied Solar Energy by NS
Source: International Energy Agency, 2019
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Applied Solar Energy by NS
17 Sustainable Development Goals with 169 targets
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Applied Solar Energy by NS
Sustainable Development Goal 7 calls for “affordable, reliable,
sustainable and modern energy for all.” (SDG 7.1)
Achieving SDG 7.1 would require
bringing electricity to the remaining
1.1 billion people without electricity
and reaching the 2.8 billion without
access to clean cooking facilities
*Muhammad Irfan, Zhen-Yu Zhao, Munir Ahmad and Marie Claire Mukeshimana, 2019, Solar Energy Development in
Pakistan: Barriers and Policy Recommendations, Sustainability 11, 1206. 17
Applied Solar Energy by NS
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Applied Solar Energy by NS
Not new but its history spans from 7th Century
B.C. to TODAY. Here are some milestones in the
historical development:
1932
Audobert and Stora discover the photovoltaic effect in cadmium
sulfide (CdS) thin films.
1954
PV technology is born in the USA when Daryl Chapin, Calvin Fuller,
and Gerald Pearson develop the silicon PV cell at Bell Labs—the first
solar cell capable of converting enough of the sun’s energy into
power to run everyday equipment. Bell Telephone Labs produced a
silicon solar cell with 4% efficiency and later improved to 11%.
1957
Hoffman Electronics (Philippines) achieved 8% efficient
photovoltaic cells which was further improved to 14% in 1960.
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Applied Solar Energy by NS
1973
Greek scientist Dr. Loannis Sakkas proved the 2nd century BC myth
in 1973 by lining up 60 Greek sailors, holding oblong bronzed coated
mirrors tipped to catch the sun's rays and directing them at a ship.
Professor 1968
Giovanni
Francia The first operational concentrated solar power plant was built in
Sant'llario, Italy in 1968 by Professor Giovanni Francia.
1982
ARCO Solar (a US PV Industry) became the first company to produce
more than 1 megawatt of PV modules. ARCO also releases the G-
4000—the world’s first commercial thin-film power module.in 1986.
1992
20% efficient silicon cells are created by the Centre for Photovoltaic
Engineering at the University of New South Wales, Austrailia.
1992
University of South Florida develops a 15.9% efficient thin-film
photovoltaic cell made of cadmium telluride, breaking the 15%
barrier for the first time for this technology. 22
Applied Solar Energy by NS
1999
Construction of the tallest skyscraper built on Times Square in New
York City. It incorporates more energy-efficient building techniques
than any other commercial skyscraper and also includes building-
integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panels.
2008
Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's National
Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have set a world record in
solar cell efficiency with a Triple-junction photovoltaic device that
converts 40.8 percent of the light that hits it into electricity.
2010
Reinstallation of solar panels on White House by President Barack
Obama (President Jimmy Carter 1st Installed White House Solar
Panels in 1979, but President Ronald Reagan removed them in
1981 and George Bush reintroduced PV to the White house again
in 2003, but it was not recognized at larger scale).
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Applied Solar Energy by NS
2016
University of New South Wales engineers established a new
world record for unfocused sunlight conversion to electricity with
PV Cell in Prism an efficiency increase to 34.5%. The record was set by UNSW’s
Dr Mark Keevers Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP) using a 28
cm2 four-junction mini-module – embedded in a prism – that
extracts the maximum energy from sunlight. It does this by
splitting the incoming rays into four bands, using a four-junction
receiver to squeeze even more electricity from each beam of
sunlight.
2017
Hot Solar Cells
Converting heat into focused beams of light, a new solar
device could create cheap and continuous power..
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Applied Solar Energy by NS
2018
Solar skin design
France 2016
2019
China 2018
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Applied Solar Energy by NS
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PV Devices by NS
Book Title Editors/ Authors Publisher
Applied Photovoltaics S.R. Wenham, M.A. Earthscan, London.
Green, M.E. Watt, R.
Corkish
Solar Energy Conversion A. E. Dixon and J. D. Pergamon Press.
Leslie
Principles of Solar D. Yogi Goswami CRC Press
Engineering
Solar Cells Martin A. Green. Prentice-Hall Inc.
Solar Engineering of J.A. Duffie, and W.A. John Wiley and Sons,
Thermal Processes Beckman, Inc.
Planning and Installing Deutsche CRC Press
Photovoltaic Systems Gesellschaftfur
Sonnenenergie
Solar Energy R.K. McMordie CRC Press
Fundamentals
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Applied Solar Energy by NS