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Kuliah Ib
Manajemen Bencana
Konsep Kebencanaan
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Muh Aris Marfai, S.Si., M.Sc.
Fakultas Geografi
Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Based on UU No. 24 year 2007 : Serangkaian upaya yang meliputi penetapan ke

bijakan pembangunan yang berisiko timbulnya bencana, kegiatan pencegahan
bencana, tanggap darurat, dan rehabilitasi

Based on UN/ISDR 2004 : efforts to reduce disaster risks mut be systematically

integrated into policies, plans and programmes for sustainable international
cooperation, including partnerships.

Based on John Twigg (2004) : general sense, covering the implementation of

preparedness, mitigation, emergency response and relief and recovery measures

Based on UU No. 24 year 2007: rangkaian peristiwa yang mengancam dan

mengganggu kehidupan dan penghidupan masyarakat yang disebabkan, baik oleh
faktor alam dan/atau faktor non alam maupun faktor manusia sehingga
mengakibatkan timbulnya korban jiwa manusia, kerusakan lingkungan, kerugian harta
benda, dan dampak psikologis

Based on John Twigg (2004) : what occurs when the impact of a hazard on a section of
society (causing death, injury, loss of propertyor economic losses) overwhelms that
society’s ability to cope

Based on Keith Smith (1996) : when large numbers of people exposed to hazard are
killed, injured or damaged in some way, the event is termed disaster

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Hazard/ancaman bencana : suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang bisa

menimbulkan bencana

Hazard : a potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human

activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social
and e economic disruption or environmental degradation

Hazard : a naturally occuring or human-induced process or event with

the potential to create loss, i.e. a general source of danger.

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Hazard : a potential harm which threatens our social, economic, and

natural capital on a community, region, or country scale

Hazard : potential threats to humans and their welfares

vulnerability/rawan bencana: kondisi atau karakteristik geologis,

biologis, hidrologis, klimatologis, geografis, sosial, budaya, politik,
ekonomi, dan teknologi pada suatu wilayah untuk jangka waktu
tertentu yang mengurangi kemampuan mencegah, meredam mencapai
kesiapan, dan mengurangi kemampuan untuk menanggapi dampak
buruk bahaya tertentu

Hazard vulnerability : the potential for physical harm and social

disruption to societies and larger subsystems associated with hazard
and disasters

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Vulnerability : the conditions determined by physical, social, economic

and environmental factors or processes, which increase the
susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards

Vulnerability : the extent to which a person, group or socio-economic

structure is likely to be affected by a hazard (related to their capacity to
anticipate it, cope with it, resist it and recover from its impact

Vulnerability : the susceptibility to hazard risks

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According to National Academic Science (2006) : threats to physical structures and

infrastructures, the natural environment, and related economic losses

According to John C Pine (2009): threats to water and air, geography, trees and plants,
fish and wildlife

According to John C Pine (2009): threats to income/poverty, employment, property

value, Sales, production, utilities

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According to National Academic Science (2006) : threats to the well-beings of human

populations (e.g. deaths, injures, other medical impacts, disruptions of behavior and
system functioning) related economic losses

According to John C Pine (2009): threats to minority, elderyl, and children, education,
health, housing, disability

Potensi kerugian yang ditimbulkan akibat bencana pada suatu wilayah

dan kurun waktu tertentu yang dapat berupa kematian, luka, sakit, jiwa
terancam, hilangnya rasa aman, mengungsi, kerusakan atau kehilangan
harta, dan gangguan kegiatan masyarakat

The likelihood of a specific hazard occurring and its probable

consequences for people and poverty

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The chance of particular hazard actually occurring

An assessment of the likelihood (probability) of an accidental release

of a hazardous material and the consequences that might occur, based
on the estimated vulnerable zone (EPA)

Risk assessment is a formal method for determining the degree of risk

R=pxL
Where R is risk that is taken as some product of probability (p) and loss (L)

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Risk assessment is a formal method for determining the degree of risk

Risk = Likelihood x Consequence

Where Risk is the product of the likelihood of a hazard occurring and the adverse
consequence from the event

Risk assessment can be calculated

Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability

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Twigg (2004) : coping capacity is as a manner in which people act within the limit
of existing resources and range of expectations to achieve various ends

Heijmans (2004) : coping strategies are the result of a process of experiments and
innovation through which people build up the skills, knowledge, and self-
confidence necessary to shape and respond to their environment

Marschiavelli (2008) : coping strategies are often transmitted from generation to

generation within the communities and house holds

Hazard identification can be

•Quantitative
•Spatial. Such as hazard mapping

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Arah
evakua
si

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Source: Sri hatmoko, 2009

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Source:
ward , et
al., 2011

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Landslide (sri Hatmoko, 2009)

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flood (feby, 2009)

Coping mechanism for flood disaster (source:feby, 2009)

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Source: G.A. Parvin, et al., 2009

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Sekian
…Terimakasih

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